讀書報(bào)告-山萵苣

1ComparisonofPolyphenolContents,Antioxidant,andAnti-inflammatoryActivitiesofWildandCultivatedLactucaindica匯報(bào)人:羅虹建

2Literaturesource3ContentsIntroduction12

Experimentalsection

Conclusions234Resultsanddiscussion41.IntroductionDietaryantioxidantsprotectthehumanbodyfromdamagebyfreeradicals,whichhavebeenassociatedwithmanydegenerative（退行性）diseases.Fruitsandvegetablesaregoodsourcesofnaturalantioxidants,suchasvitamins,carotenoids,flavonoids,andphenolicsthatpreventfreeradicaldamage.Phenoliccompounds,suchasflavonoids,phenolicacids,andtanninsplayimportantrolesinthepreventionofdegenerativediseases,suchas,cancer,arteriosclerosis（動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化）,andthoseassociatedwithinflammation.51.IntroductionLactucaindicabelongstothefamilyCompositeae（菊科）.ItisanediblemedicinalplantandiswidelydistributedinAsiancountries,includingSouthKorea.Thisindigenousherbisusedasfolkmedicineduetoitsanti-inflammatoryandanti-bacterialactivities,andisusedtraditionallytotreatintestinaldisorders.Variouscompounds,includingterpenoids,sterols,andflavonoids,andthemethanolextractoftheL.indicahasbeenshowntoexhibitanti-diabetic,antioxidant,anti-cholesterolemic,andhepatoprotectiveactivities.2.ExperimentalsectionSampleExtraction:ThegroundCLandWLsamples80%methanol--1:20(w:v).Themixtureswereshakenat90rpminashakingwaterbathat60℃for5h,andcentrifugedat12,000at-4℃for20min.

repeatedthreetimesusingtheresidueobtainedfromthefiltrationprocess.Extractswerethenpooledandcondensedusingarotaryevaporatorunderreducedpressureat60℃.Finally,extractswerefrozenat-42℃andconcentratedusingafreeze-dryer.72.Experimentalsection2.1Thetotalpolyphenolscontent(TPC)gallicacidasthestandardphenol

1mLofextract+0.2mLofFolinCiocalteau

darkfor3minatroomT+0.5mLNa2CO3(10%)and1mLofdistilledwater.UV-VISl=725nmAbsorbancevaluesdarkfor1hatroomTmixtures82.Experimentalsection2.2Totalflavonoidscontent(TFC)Quercetin（槲皮素）asthestandardphenol0.5mLofeachextract+0.1mLof10%aluminumnitrate（硝酸鋁）+0.1mLof1Mpotassiumacetate（醋酸鉀）+3mLof80%ethanolUV-VISl=415nmAbsorbancevaluesdarkfor40minatroomTmixtures92.Experimentalsection2.3

HPLCAnalysisofPhenolics50mgdriedsample+10mLof80%methanol(passedthrougha0.45μmmembranefilter.)UVdetector(Waters2489)l=280nm.V=0.8mL·min-1.RP-18column(4.4mm×250mm,5m;).

TimesolventA(9%aceticacid)solventB(100%methanol)0-5min9555-28831728-40831740-606931102.Experimentalsection2.4

EvaluationofAntioxidantActivities

（

IC50values）reducingpowerassayDPPHABTSRadicalscavengingβ-carotenebleachingactivities113.ResultsanddiscussionIC50半抑制濃度（或稱半抑制率）是指“反應(yīng)”被抑制一半時(shí)抑制劑的濃度，這里的反應(yīng)可以是酶催化反應(yīng)、抗原抗體反應(yīng)等。

在凋亡方面，可以理解為一定濃度的某種藥物誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡50%，該濃度稱為50%抑制濃度，即凋亡細(xì)胞與全部細(xì)胞數(shù)之比等于50%時(shí)所對(duì)應(yīng)的濃度。IC50值可以用來衡量藥物誘導(dǎo)凋亡的能力，該數(shù)值越低，誘導(dǎo)能力越強(qiáng)，當(dāng)然也可以反向說明某種細(xì)胞對(duì)藥物的耐受程度。

122.Experimentalsection2.5

MeasurementofAnti-inflammatoryActivityCellculture細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolimbromide(MTT)cytotoxicityassay:溴化肽細(xì)胞毒性試驗(yàn)Inhibitionofnitricoxide(NO)productioninlipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulatedRAW264.7cells:脂多糖(LPS)刺激RAW264.7小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞抑制一氧化氮(NO)的產(chǎn)生133.ResultsanddiscussionTable1.TotalpolyphenolsandflavonoidscontentsofwildandcultivatedL.indica.WL>CLLeaf>RootCultivatedplantswereconsideredqualitativelyinferiortospecimensgrowninthewildformedicinalandaromaticplants.Thiswasattributedtotheimpactsofstressfactors,suchasdrought,salinity,temperature,andsoilcharacteristics,whichmightincreasesecondarymetabolitesynthesisinwildspecimens.143.ResultsanddiscussionTable2.PhenoliccontentsofwildandcultivatedL.indica.咖啡酸、

綠原酸、

沒食子酸、阿魏酸、柚皮苷、香草酸15163.ResultsanddiscussionWangetal.(2003)identify6majorphenolics(protocatechuicacid,methyl-hydroxybenzoate,caffeicacid,3,5-dicaffeoylquinicacid,luteolin7-O-β-glucopyranoside,andquercetin3-O-β-glucopyranoside)inL.indicaextract.（對(duì)羥苯甲酸、原兒茶酸、咖啡酸、異綠原酸、毛地黃黃酮、木犀草素-7-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷）Themajorityofnaturallyoccurringphenolicsretainantioxidativeandanti-inflammatorypropertiesthatappeartopromotechemoprotective(抗癌)activities.GallicacidisolatedfromCaesalpiniadecapetalawood（云實(shí)木）

wasfoundtohavesignificantinvitrofreeradicalscavengingactivityinABTSandDPPHassays(Bhadoriyaetal.,2012).Thus,itappearsthatgallicacidsignificantlycontributestotheantioxidantactivityofL.indica,especiallyinleafextracts.173.ResultsanddiscussionTable3.IC50valuesofL.indicaextractsasdeterminedbyDPPHradicalscavengingability,ABTSradicalscavengingability,andβ–carotenebleachingactivity.183.ResultsanddiscussionInthepresentstudy,β-carotenebleachingactivitywasfoundtoexhibitapatternsimilartothatofradicalscavengingactivity.TheCLrootandleafextractshadsignificantlyhigheractivitiesthancorrespondingWLextracts

Theantioxidantpowerofphenoliccompoundsisrelatedtostructuralfactors,suchasthenumberandpositionsofhydroxyl（羥基）and/ormethoxyl（甲氧基）groups.Therefore,theresultsofthecurrentstudyimplythatthehighreducingpowerofWLisduetorelativelyhighpolyphenolcontent.Previousstudieshavealsodemonstratedthatwildplantshavehigherantioxidantactivitiesthancultivatedplants.193.Resultsanddiscussion返回203.Resultsanddiscussion返回213.ResultsanddiscussionWefirsttestedcellviabilitiesinthepresenceoftestextractstoexcludepossiblecytotoxiceffectsonLPS-stimulatedRAW264.7macrophagesandresultsareshowninFigs.1and2.TheviabilitiesofRAW264.7macrophageswasover80%whentreatedwithCLorWLextractsatconcentrationsof100-750μg·mL-1.TheseresultsdemonstratethatL.indicaextractswerenotcytotoxic.22Conclusions4234.conclusionsInconclusion,theresultsofthepresentstudyindicatethatL.indicagrowninthewildhassignificantlyhighera