大學(xué)英語精讀第四冊 unit 8

Warm-up

Discussthefollowingquestions:Whatdoyouthinkofthequalityofourenvironmentnowadays?2.Supposeyouhaveachancetoliveundergroundwhereenvironmentiscomfortableandlifeisconvenient,willyouhaveatry?Why?UnitEightTheNewCavesBeforeReading_TheIceAgesBackgroundInformationTheIceAgesListenandanswerthequestions1.Whendidtheearliestknowniceageoccurred?2.Whendidthemostrecenticeageoccurred?3.Whatweretheaveragetemperaturesduringperiodsofadvancingice?BeforeReading_TheIceAges_pop

Aniceageistheperiodintheearth’shistorywhenmovingsheetsoficecoveredlargeregionsoftheworld’slandsurface.Earthscientistsbelievethattherehavebeenseveraliceages.Theearliestknowniceageoccurredabout700millionyearsago,andthemostrecentone,usuallyreferredtoastheIceAgeorthePleistoceneIceAgebeganabout2millionyearsagoandcontinuedto10,000or15,000yearsago.ScientistshavelearnedthatIceAgeclimateschangedfromtimetotime.Duringperiodsofadvancingice,averagetemperatureswereprobablyabout10to15degreesF(about-9to-12degreesC).

■BeforeReading_MythsandLegends1MythsandLegendsDirections:Listentothefollowingparagraphandfillinthemissingwords.■Bothmythsandlegendsarestorieshandeddownfromearliesttimes.Althoughthetwowordsareoftenusedinterchangeably,mythsarestoriesaboutandlegendsstoriesaboutmen.Mythsembodythebeliefsofpeoples,andprovidedaromanticexplanationofthewondersofnaturewhenexplanationswerelacking.Naturalforceswereanddeified.Forexample,theGreeksbelievedthatthunderandlightningexpressedtheofgreatgodZeus.Legendsarestoriesconnectedwithsomeperiodinthehistoryofapeopleornation,oftencontaininganoffact.Legendsareintendedtoaheroandtellmarvelousdeedshesupposedlyperformed.traditional___________gods______primitive_________scientific_________personified____________displeasure____________element_________glorify_______BeforeReading_MythsandLegends2InChinesefolklore,thestoryofDaYuwhosucceededintheriversisalegendandthestoryofChang’EFlyingtotheMoonisa.taming________myth______GlobeReading_1PartDivisionoftheText

MainIdeasLinesParts11~13214~74375~76Theauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatsomedaywemayseektofurtherincreaseourcomfortandsecuritybybuildingourhousesunderground.Theauthorgivesfouradvantagesofundergroundlife.Livingundergroundmaybeoddbuttherearemorebenefitsofit.GlobeReading._2_Q&AQuestionsandAnswersPartOneDirections:Gothroughthefirstpartandanswerthefollowingquestions..Why,accordingtotheauthor,dohumanbeingsoftenmaketheirhomesincavesduringtheiceages?Whydoestheauthorcallourhousescaves?Whydoestheauthorthinkhissuggestionmayseemunacceptableatfirstthought?What’syourfeelingaboutundergroundliving?exposeto:

leavenolongercoveredorprotectedfrom這株小草經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹雨打。Theopen:

outdoors;intheopenairTheairintheopenisnotfreshatallbecausethecityisseriouslypolluted.戶外活動對你有好處。Itwilldoyougoodtodoexerciseintheopen.virtually:

adv.雖然她的丈夫是國王，但事實上她才是國家的統(tǒng)治者。Virtuallyeveryonegotatoothachenowandthen.1)infactorpractically2)almost;nearlyVirtuallyshewastherulerofthecountry,althoughherhusbandwastheking.someday:

adv.atanindefinitetimeinthefutureWe'llsucceedsomeday.有朝一日我們會成功的。NB:

someday（副詞）和sometime都表示將來某個不確定的時間。Someday,hemightwinaprizeforbeinganoutstandingclerk.Let'smeetsometimewhenyourschedulepermits.

Comesometime.也許有一天，他會獲得優(yōu)秀職員獎。請以后再來。讓我們在您方便的某個時候見面吧。addto:increase焰火為節(jié)日的夜晚增光添色。Fireworksaddedtotheattractionofthefestivalnight.manmade:

ducedorcausedbymen,notnatural有時候人為的災(zāi)難比自然災(zāi)害更有破壞力。Sometimesmanmadedisastersareevenmoredestructivethannaturalones.GlobeReading._TableCompletionTableCompletionTheauthor’ssuggestion

Wemayseektoaddfurthertoourcomfortandsecuritybybuildingourhousesunderground.AdvantagesParagraph5Weatherwouldnolongerbeimportant.Paragraphs6~7Localtimewouldnolongerbeimportant.Paragraphs8~9Theecologicalstructurecouldbestabilized.Paragraphs10~12Naturewouldbecloser.Directions:Gooverthesecondpartquicklyandfinishthefollowingtable.PartTwoSupportingDetailsforEachAdvantage

Paragraph5Weatherwouldnolongerbeimportant.Transportationoverlocaldistancewouldbesimplified.Terribleweatherwouldnottroubletheunderground.Temperaturevariationinadayorayearwouldnotexistunderground.Energyusedforairconditioningcouldbesaved.Damagedonetostructuresandhumanbeingsbyweatherwouldbediminished.simplify:

vt.makeeasierorsimpler你的解釋對小學(xué)生來說太復(fù)雜了，盡量簡化一些。Yourexplanationistoocomplicatedforthepupils;trytosimplifyit.vary:v.

(causeto)bedifferent,change醫(yī)生說我的飲食要多樣化，不要總吃同樣的東西。MydoctorsaidthatIshouldvarymydietratherthaneatthesamethingallthetime.Collocation:

varyfrom...to...從……到……不等；在……到……之間變動varywith隨……而變化varyinsth.在某方面不同artificial:adj.桌子上有一些人造花。Thereweresomeartificialflowersonthetable.1)manmade2)notnaturalorreal在我看來她的演技有點不自然。Inmyopinionheractingisabitartificial.Collocation:

artificialintelligence人工智能anartificialleg/eye/hand/tooth假肢/眼/手/牙artificialsatellite人造衛(wèi)星artificialsnow人造雪artificialmanners矯揉造作的舉止adjust:vt.Headjustedhimselfveryquicklytotheheatofthecountry.1)change,adaptorconformtonewconditions2)bringintoamoreeffectiveorefficientstate你可以旋轉(zhuǎn)這個旋鈕(knob)來調(diào)節(jié)電視機的顏色。YoucanadjustthecolorontheTVbyturningthisknob.convenience:

n.personalcomfortoradvantage;thequalityofbeingconvenientTheyboughtthishouseforconvenience;it’sneartheshopsandtherailwaystation.如果你能在方便的時候給我們回復(fù)的話，我們將十分感激。Wewouldbemostgratefulifyoucouldgiveusareplyatyourearliestconvenience.Collocation:

suitone’sconvenience 為了某人方便atyour(earliest)convenience在你方便的時候for(one’s)convenience為了（某人）方便onthestroke:

punctuallyatthetimeappointedShegoestoworkonthestrokeof8a.m.他準時到達機場。Hearrivedattheairportonthestroke.gear:Educationshouldbegearedtochildren'sneeds.1.vt.adjustoradaptsoastomakesuitable(oftenusedwithto)2.n.themachineryinavehiclethatturnspowerfromtheengineintomovement傳動裝置，齒輪教育應(yīng)適合學(xué)生們的需要。Thetruckdriverchangedgeartogoupthehill.卡車司機換檔上山坡。Collocation:

change/shiftgears換檔reversegears倒檔bottom/lowgear低速檔high/topgear高速檔ingear在正常運轉(zhuǎn)中,已掛上齒輪stabilize:v.(causeto)becomefirm,steady,orunchangingThegovernmenthastakenmeasurestostabilizetheeconomy.為了穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟，政府已經(jīng)采取措施。toacertainextent:toacertaindegreeToacertainextentitwasmyfaultthatwelostthegame.Iagreewithyoutoacertainextent,butIstillthinkweshouldgiveupthatplan.我在一定程度上同意你的意見,但我還是覺得我們該放棄那個計劃。takeup:Thistabletakesuptoomuchspace.這張桌子占去了太多的地方。1.occupy(space,time,attention,etc.)entirelyandexclusively2.engageinHetookupartwhileatschool.

他在學(xué)校時開始對藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生興趣。recreation:n.activityforpleasureoramazement踢足球是男孩們放學(xué)后通常的娛樂活動。Footballistheboys’usualrecreationafterschool.mindyou:

pleasenoteMindyou!Idon’tsaythatitiscertain.Ihavenoobjection,butmindyou,Ithinkitunwisetodoso.請注意，我并沒說這是肯定的。terminal:n.We’llpickyouupattherailwayterminal.這些資料將被輸入計算機終端。我們將到火車站接你。2.adevicebywhichinformationentersorleavesacomputer;oneofthepointsatwhichyoucanconnectwires1.abigbuildingwherepeoplewaittogetontoplanes,buses,orships,orwheregoodsareloadedThedatawillbefedintoacomputerterminal.Collocation:

a(n)airline/busterminal航空終點站/公共汽車總站shippingterminal航運基地；碼頭倉庫afreightterminal貨運終點站thepositive/negativeterminal正/負端；正極/負極接線柱occupation:n.Hehasnofixedoccupationandcanhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether.他沒有固定的職業(yè)，幾乎不能維持生活。2.holdingorpossessing1.ajob;employmentShewasborninFranceduringtheGermanoccupation.Collocation:

loseone’soccupation失業(yè)afixed/regularoccupation固定職業(yè)amainoccupation本職amilitaryoccupation軍事占領(lǐng)byoccupation以……為職業(yè)inoccupationof(aplace)占領(lǐng)（某地）undertheoccupationofsb.在某人的占領(lǐng)下elaborate:Shegaveusanelaboratedescriptionofhernewhouse.她向我們詳細描述了她的新房子。2.vi.givemoredetailsorinformation1.adj.workedoutwithgreatcare;complicated;fullofdetailThechairmanjustwantedthefacts.Youdon'tneedtoelaborateonthem.主席只想了解事實,你不必作詳細說明。derivefrom:

comefrom;obtainfromWederivegreatpleasurefromourstudies.ThousandsofEnglishwordsderivefromLatin.我們從學(xué)習(xí)中得到很大的樂趣。turnover:1)bringthebottomtothetoporviceversa;rotate,cycle

（使）翻轉(zhuǎn)2)thinkabout;consider仔細考慮3)transfertoanother;givethecontrolofsth.tosb.

移交Matchthedefinitionabovewiththemeaningofthisphraseinthefollowingsentences.Hisfatherhadbeenturningtheideaoverinhismindforsometime.Thethiefwasturnedovertothepolice.Mystomachturnedover.Sheturnedovertheprobleminhermind. Hehasturnedoverhisbusinesstohisbrother.(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)restrict:vt.keeporconfinewithinlimitsSpeedisrestrictedto30mphintowns.市內(nèi)車速每小時不得超過30英里。GlobeReading._BrainstormingBrainstormingGivemoreadvantagesofundergroundlivingtheauthorhasn’tsaid.PartThreeForreference:1.Clean,filteredairisoneofthem.ThecityofLondonhasoneofthemostserioussmogproblemsintheworld.2.Youcanescapetheever-presentthreatoftrafficaccidentsonthecity'sbusystreets.3.Theconvenienceofgettingaround:you'reusuallynextto,orevenin,asubwaystation.……AfterReading_1_1theiceagesintheopenforcomfortandsecurity

atfirstthought

therealmofevilspiritsandthedeadvolcaniceruptionnoxiousgases

temperaturevariation冰河時代在戶外為了舒適和安全乍一想來魔鬼與亡靈的世界火山爆發(fā)毒氣氣溫變化UsefulExpressionsopensurfacetherhythmofhumanlife露天生活節(jié)奏..9.10.AfterReading_1.211.varyfrompersontoperson12.artificiallight13.suitone’sconvenience14.oneight-hourshift15.afreelymobileworld16.mindyou因人而異人工照明根據(jù)人的需要8小時輪班自由流動的社會請注意17.theburrowinganimals18.atecologicalstability19.limitedgreenery20.underecologicallyhealthierconditions穴居動物生態(tài)平衡有限的綠色草木在更為健康的生態(tài)環(huán)境下SpotDictationDirections:Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesyouhavejustheard.

TheDesertCaveHotelallowsyoutoexperiencedug-out,undergroundshops,barandopal(蛋白石)displayareas－allwithinsandstone(沙巖)surroundsintheheartofCooberPedy.aboveandundergroundwealsoofferdiningandconvention.Visitorscanstayunderground,,abovegroundroomsarealso.Sleepingundergroundis.Quiet,cool,darkandairy(通風(fēng)的)—.Mostvisitorssaythatsleepingundergroundgivesthemthebestnight'ssleeptheyhaveeverhad.ThehoteloffersvisitorsthebesttoexperienceCooberPedy'dugout'living.In1989,theDesertCaveHotelwonboththeSouthAustralianandforTourismDevelopment.TheDesertCaveHotelagainwontheSouthAustralianTourismAwardfornationalstandardaccommodationin1990and1991.styleliving___________Aswellas___________accommodation_________________facilities_________oriftheyprefer________________available__________auniqueexperience_____________________theroomsarespaciouswithhighceilings___________________________________________opportunity____________NationalTourismAwards__________________________■AfterReading_4Homework:WriteacompositiononMyFavoriteLifestyle.AfterReading_3_1DiscussionandDebateDirections:Asknowntoall,sincethe1970’stherehasbeenconsiderablediscussionaboutlivinginspaceandinunderwaterdwellings,sotogetherwithundergroundlivingtheauthoradvocatedhereandourcurrentlifestyle,wehavefourchoices.Nowstudentswillbedividedintofourgroups