商務(wù)合同的文體與翻譯chapter 6

商務(wù)合同寫作及翻譯TipsandTechniquesinWritingandTranslatingCommercialContractsObjectivesHelpstudentstoreviewthebackgroundinformationandbasicknowledgetheyhavelearntinChapteronetofour.Helpstudentstolearnrelatedtermsandconditionsofcommercialcontractandtechniquesforestablishingit.Studentscanmakeapurchasecontractaccordingtotheinformationgiventothemafterclass.StructureofpurchasecontractPreambleName,Nationalities,Address,Date&placeofsigning,ContractNo,etc.BodyNameofthecommodity,Quality,Quantity,Packing,Price,Shipment,Insurance,Payment,Inspection,Claim,ForceMajeure,Arbitration,etcEndingSignatureofbothparties品名條款NameofCommodity

E.GNameofCommodity:WritingPaper

(信紙)NameofCommodity:PrintedShirting

(印花襯衫)NameofCommodity:Dinnerware(整套餐具)

NameofCommodity:ChineseGreenTea(綠茶)TermsandConditions品質(zhì)條款SpecificationTermsandConditions表示品質(zhì)的方法實(shí)物說明看貨買賣憑樣品銷售規(guī)格specification標(biāo)準(zhǔn)standard等級(jí)grade商標(biāo)、牌號(hào)trademark&brandname說明書、圖樣description&llustration產(chǎn)地nameoforigin實(shí)物表示法：買賣雙方在洽商時(shí)，由賣方或買方提供一種或少量足以代表商品質(zhì)量的實(shí)物作為樣品，先請(qǐng)對(duì)方確認(rèn)，樣品一經(jīng)確認(rèn)，便成為買賣雙方交接貨物的質(zhì)量依據(jù)。這種方法又被稱為憑樣品買賣(salebysample)品質(zhì)條款Specification買方樣品Buyer’ssample賣方樣品Seller’ssample對(duì)等樣品Countersample(賣方按買方復(fù)制)①NortheastSoybeansSpecification:Moisture(Max.)8%Admixture(Max.)4%BrokenGrain(Max.)2%ProteinContent(Min.)25%②ClothDollQuality:QualityasperSeller’ssampleNo.7987.Qualitytobeaboutequaltothesample.品質(zhì)條款Specification③Baby’sSuit,shirt+SkirtSpecification:Art.No.CJ7487

Baby’sSuit,Shirt+Skirt④C708ChineseGreyDuckDownSpecification:With90%downcontent,1%moreorless⑤ChineseTungOilQuality:F.A.Q.F.F.A4%Max.(freefattyacid--游離脂肪酸)品質(zhì)條款Specification（三）數(shù)量條款Quantity1、計(jì)量單位：①數(shù)量件package(pkg.)個(gè)、只piece(pc.)

箱case(c/s),chest,crate(crt.)

紙箱carton(ctn.)匹piece包bale

桶drum(dr.),barrel(bl.;br.),cask(ck.),keg

袋bag,sack(sk.)捆bundle

筐（簍）basket壇jar雙pair

打dozen(dz.)羅gross

大羅greatgross張sheet

令ream卷roll盒box

聽（罐）tin,can瓶bottle

套set②重量公噸MetricTon(M/T)

公斤kilogram(kg.)

盎司ounce磅pound（lb.）③長度米Meter英尺Foot英寸inch碼yard1lb.=16oz.1oz.=28.35g.1yd.=3ft.1ft.=30.48cm.1ft.=16in.④面積平方米SquareMeter

(sqm.)平方英尺SquareFoot平方碼Squareyard⑤體積立方米CubicMeter

(cbm.)立方英尺CubicFoot立方碼Cubicyard⑥容積公升Liter(l.)加侖Gallon(gal.)

蒲式耳Bushel(bu.)（1）一般表述：數(shù)量+計(jì)量單位+total（2）當(dāng)合同貨物包含不同貨號(hào)或品種時(shí)，除描述總數(shù)量外，還應(yīng)描述不同貨號(hào)貨物的數(shù)量（3）溢短裝條款TermsandConditions數(shù)量條款Quantity

①Q(mào)uantity:1000M/Ttotal.

②Quantity:Art.No.47857:500doz.,Art.No.47858:500doz.,1000doz.Total.

③Quantity:1000M/T,5%moreorlessatseller’soptionsubjecttocontractedprice

④Quantity:1000M/T,3%moreorlessatbuyers’option;suchexcessordeficiencytobesettledbycontractedprice.數(shù)量條款Quantity包裝條款的內(nèi)容：包裝材料、包裝規(guī)格、包裝總件數(shù)句型：Packedin…of…each,…total.Packedin…,eachcontaining…,

…to(in)…e.g.Packing:Innewsinglegunnybagsof45kgneteach,1000bagstotal.

當(dāng)合同貨物包含不同貨號(hào)或品種時(shí)，還應(yīng)列明不同貨號(hào)或品種貨物各自的包裝件數(shù)包裝材料包裝規(guī)格總件數(shù)TermsandConditions包裝條款packing包裝材料：紙箱（carton）木箱（woodencase)

木板條箱(woodencrate）塑料袋(polybag,plasticbag)

麻袋(gunnybag)

單層舊/新麻袋(sound/newsinglegunny

bags)

泡沫盒（foambox）塑料編織袋（ppwovenbag）

包裝條款packingPacking包(bale)鐵桶(irondrum)

塑料桶(plasticdrum)板條箱(crate)紙箱(carton)木箱(woodencase)木桶(cask)捆(bundle)常用包裝木箱(woodencase),板條箱(crate),紙箱(carton)捆（bundle）,包（bale）麻袋（gunnybag）,布袋（sack,clothbag）,塑料袋（plasticbag）,牛皮紙袋（kraftpaperbag）鐵桶（irondrum）,塑料桶（plasticdrum）,木桶（cask）e.g.100%CottonMen’sShirt.600dozentotal.Packing:Incartons,onepiecetoapolybag,onebagtoapaperbox.3dozentoacarton.XL/3,L/6andM/3eachdozen.Blue,white,yellowequallyassorted.200cartonstotal.

包裝條款packingPracticesforPacking1、木箱（外裹麻袋）裝，每箱凈重約38公斤,共500箱.Packing:Inwoodencases

(withoutergunnybag)ofabout38kgneteach，500casestotal.PracticesforPacking2、聚乙稀袋裝，每袋凈重6公斤，5袋裝一木箱,共1000箱。Packing:Inpolybagsof6kgneteach,5bagstoawoodencase,1000casestotal.OR：Inwoodencases.6kgnetinapolybag,5bagstoawoodencase,1000casestotal.3.防水紙箱裝,內(nèi)襯塑料袋,外面用鐵箍加固，每箱重量不超過35公斤,共990箱。

Packing:inwater-proofcartonslinedwithplasticbag,reinforcedwithmetalstrap,eachweightingnotover35kgs,990cartonstotal.Or:Packing:inplastic-linedwater-proofcartons,reinforcedwithmetalstrap,

each

weightingnotover35kgs,990cartonstotal.PracticesforPacking運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志shippingmark

運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志俗稱嘜頭，通常由收貨人代號(hào)（用幾何圖形加以標(biāo)注）、包裝件數(shù)、運(yùn)輸目的地構(gòu)成，還可加入交易雙方認(rèn)可的參考號(hào)、產(chǎn)地等。國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織為便于EDI傳輸及電子商務(wù)發(fā)展，設(shè)定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志，與傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志相比，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志主要是在標(biāo)注收貨人代號(hào)時(shí)摒棄了幾何圖形。TermsandConditions運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志shippingmark

按照國際慣例，一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的嘜頭應(yīng)具備：1.收貨人的名稱的英文縮寫或簡稱2.參考號(hào)（合同號(hào)，訂單號(hào)，信用證號(hào)）3.目的港4.件數(shù)號(hào)碼TermsandConditionsABCe.g.:①ShippingMark:AttheBuyer’soption.TheShippingMarkmustreachtheSellersonemonthbeforethetimeofShipment.②ShippingMark:

Nos.1-upSINGAPORE③ShippingMark:AttheSeller’soption.單價(jià)條款：貨幣、單價(jià)金額、計(jì)量單位、貿(mào)易術(shù)語e.g.:GBP20.00persetCIFLiverpoolTermsandConditions價(jià)格條款price常用報(bào)價(jià)貨幣USDUnitedStatesDollarsGBPGreatBritainPound(Stg￡P(guān)oundSterling)EUREuroCADCanadianDollarsAUDAustralianDollarsCNYChineseYuanHKDHongkongDollarsJPYJapaneseYen

①UnitPrice:

USD78.00perpieceFOBBeihai②UnitPrice:GBP83.00persetCIFHamburgincluding3%commission

GBP83.00persetCIFC3%Hamburg③UnitPrice:JPY2,400.00percartonCFRKobeless4%discount

價(jià)格條款price總價(jià)條款：總價(jià)金額+金額大寫①TotalAmount:USD31,280.00only.(SayU.S.DollarsThirtyOne

ThousandTwoHundredandEightyOnly)②TotalAmount:Stg￡14,297.50only.(SayPoundsSterlingFourteenThousandTwoHundredandNinetySevenand50%only)價(jià)格條款price1）單價(jià):每箱（木箱）23.5美元CFR西雅圖2）單價(jià)：每公噸3000歐元FOB上海3）單價(jià)：每碼45日元CIF大阪PracticesforPrice1)UnitPrice:USD23.50percaseCFRSeattle2)UnitPrice:EUR3,000.00perM/TFOBShanghai3)UnitPrice:JPY45.00peryardCIFOsaka4）總價(jià)：14，360.00英鎊整5）總價(jià)：18，690.35美元PracticesforPrice4)TotalAmount:GBP14,360.00ONLY(SAYGREATBRITAINPOUNDSFOURTEENTHOUSANDTHREEHUNDREDANDSIXTYONLY)5)TotalAmount:USD18,690.35ONLY(SAYU.S.DOLLARSEIGHTEENTHOUSANDSIXHUNDREDANDNINETYANDCENTSTHIRTYFIVEONLY)裝運(yùn)條款：起運(yùn)港、目的港、裝運(yùn)期限、分批裝運(yùn)、轉(zhuǎn)船1）裝運(yùn)港和目的港From…to…

世界各大洲主要港口的名稱2）裝運(yùn)期限①于…月裝運(yùn)in/during/within…②規(guī)定最遲裝運(yùn)日onorbefore…和notlaterthan…③跨月裝運(yùn)

④規(guī)定收到信用證后若干天裝運(yùn)裝運(yùn)條款shipmentShipmenttobeeffectedonorbeforeNovember16th,2012.

(裝運(yùn)應(yīng)于2012年11月16日或之前)說明：2012年11月16日當(dāng)天或之前任何一個(gè)日期裝運(yùn)條款shipment2.ShipmenttobeeffectedonoraboutNovember16th,2012.

(裝運(yùn)應(yīng)于或約于2012年11月16日)說明：2012年11月16日前，后各5天內(nèi)發(fā)生的裝運(yùn)，并且包括2012年11月16日，共計(jì)11天3.ShipmenttobeeffectedfromOctober16thuntilNovember16th,2012.

(裝運(yùn)日期從2012年10月16日到11月16日)說明：從10月16日起至11月16日止，包括這兩天裝運(yùn)條款shipment4.ShipmenttobeeffectedbeforeNovember16th,2012.(裝運(yùn)應(yīng)于2012年11月16日以前)說明：2012年11月16日前，不含當(dāng)日5.ShipmenttobeeffectedthreedaysfromNovember16th,2012.(裝運(yùn)應(yīng)于2012年11月16日起三天內(nèi)完成)說明：三日應(yīng)從2012年11月16日當(dāng)天起算裝運(yùn)條款舉例e.g.:①Shipment:FromYantiantoAntwerpduringOct./Nov.2007.Partialshipmentsareallowed,Transshipmentisnotallowed.②Shipment:FromNanningtoLosAngelesnotlaterthanJuly31,2007.Partialshipmentsandtransshipmentarepermitted.③Shipment:FromShanghaitoSydneyonorbeforeMay31,2007.Partialshipmentsandtransshipmentareprohibited.④Shipment:FromChinaporttoManchesterinSept.2007.Partialshipmentsandtransshipmentareallowed.⑤TermsofShipment:ShipmenttobeeffectedfromGuangzhoutoRotterdamduringMarch/April/-May2007inthreeequalmonthlylots,withtransshipmentatSingaporeonly.裝運(yùn)條款shipment實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)的注意事項(xiàng)：規(guī)定裝期時(shí)必須考慮貨源情況，由工廠加工的貨物裝期必須與工廠商量好，看他們的生產(chǎn)期能否安排過來?？蛻粲袝r(shí)要求出口方越早交貨越好，但出口方必須實(shí)事求是。在信用證中盡量規(guī)定“允許分批裝運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)船”，出口方可根據(jù)貨源和船源情況自由選擇分批或不分批，轉(zhuǎn)或不轉(zhuǎn)。如果信用證或合同規(guī)定分幾批，千萬不要一批發(fā)給買家，因?yàn)橘I方?jīng)]有做好庫位的準(zhǔn)備，或者有整批付款的難度。１）2007年5/6月自中國港口運(yùn)往鹿特丹，允許分批裝運(yùn)，允許轉(zhuǎn)船２）2007年8月31日前自深圳運(yùn)往安特衛(wèi)普，禁止分批裝運(yùn)，允許轉(zhuǎn)船Practicesforshipment1.Shipment:FromChineseporttoRotterdamduringMay/June,2007.Partialshipmentsareallowed,Transshipmentisallowed.2.Shipment:FromShenzhentoAntwerpbeforeAug.31,2007.Partialshipmentsareprohibited.Transshipmentispermitted.3）自廣州至大阪，收到信用證后40天內(nèi)裝運(yùn)。不允許分批裝運(yùn)，不允許轉(zhuǎn)船。信用證最遲于2007年2月底開立并送達(dá)賣方。Practicesforshipment

Shipment:FromGuangzhoutoOsakawithin40daysafterreceiptofL/C,therelevantL/CshouldbereachedtheSellernotlaterthantheendofFebruary,2007.Partialshipmentsandtransshipmentareprohibited.4）2006年7/8/9月自青島運(yùn)至馬賽，分三批每月等量裝運(yùn)，允許在香港轉(zhuǎn)船。5）2006年1月31日或以前自上海運(yùn)至神戶，貨物分兩批裝運(yùn)。Practicesforshipment4.Shipment:FromQingdaotoMarseillesduring7/8/9,2006inthreeequalmonthlylots.TransshipmentallowedatHongkongonly.5.Shipment:FromShanghaitoKobenotlaterthanJanuary31,2006intwoinstallments.1、FOB、CFR合同：

e.g.:Insurance:Tobecovered(effected)bytheBuyer.

2、CIF合同:投保人、投保金額、險(xiǎn)別、險(xiǎn)別依據(jù)（保險(xiǎn)條款）句型：Tobecoveredby…for…against…asper…dated…

投保人投保加成險(xiǎn)別保險(xiǎn)條款保險(xiǎn)條款

Insurancee.g.:①Insurance:TobecoveredbytheSellerfor110%oftotalinvoicevalueagainstF.P.A.andWarRiskasperandsubjecttotherelevantOceanMarineCargoClausesofthePeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChina,dated1/1,1981.②Insurance:TobecoveredbytheSellerfor110%oftotalinvoicevalueagainstI.C.C.(A)andInstituteWarClausecargoasperandsubjecttoInstituteCargoClausedated1/1,1982.保險(xiǎn)條款

Insurance１、由賣方按發(fā)票金額的110％按1981年1月1日中國保險(xiǎn)條款投保水漬險(xiǎn)和戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)，不計(jì)免賠率PracticesforInsuranceInsurance:Tobecoveredbythesellerfor110%oftotalinvoicevalueagainstW.A.andWarRisk,IrrespectiveofPercentage,asperandsubjecttoChinaInsuranceClausedated1/1,1981.２、由賣方按發(fā)票金額的110％投保倫敦保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)B險(xiǎn)和協(xié)會(huì)貨物戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)。PracticesforInsuranceInsurance:TobecoveredbytheSellerfor110%oftotalinvoicevalueagainstI.C.C(B)andInstituteWarClausesCargoasperandsubjecttoInstituteCargoClausedated1/1,1982.

支付條款：1、匯付方式①信匯、電匯流轉(zhuǎn)程序②實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中出口商的做法：出口商必須按照合同規(guī)定的交貨期及時(shí)向外運(yùn)訂艙，把貨裝運(yùn)出口，及時(shí)發(fā)裝船通知，并根據(jù)合同規(guī)定繕制全套出口單據(jù)傳真給進(jìn)口商查閱，進(jìn)口商查收到傳真后安排貨款付給出口商，出口商收到電匯底單后，將全套單據(jù)直接寄給進(jìn)口商。①信匯、電匯流轉(zhuǎn)程序收款人匯款人匯出行匯入行簽訂買賣合同約定以信匯、電匯付款向本地銀行銀行辦理匯款手續(xù)以信匯或電匯方式匯款通知匯款領(lǐng)取匯款

使用匯付應(yīng)該注意：對(duì)出口方來說,如果交易時(shí)間不長,對(duì)進(jìn)口人的信用程度不了解,或者金額比較大,不要輕易采用這種方式.因?yàn)橛械馁I家不講信譽(yù),貨發(fā)了以后,不付款.甚至用假匯票、假電匯底單欺騙出口方。如果想用電匯方式，可在發(fā)貨前讓對(duì)方支付定金，等貨發(fā)后，再將單據(jù)傳真給進(jìn)口方，讓對(duì)方把余款匯進(jìn)。但要注意，金額不要太大，應(yīng)該在公司能承受的范圍內(nèi)。

③匯付條款舉例匯付條款的內(nèi)容：匯付金額、具體的匯付方法和匯付時(shí)間。e.g.:預(yù)付貨款(paymentinadvance)Payment:TheBuyersshallpaythetotalvalueofthegoodstoreachtheSellersinadvancebyT/T(M/T,D/D)notlaterthanJune30,2008

貨到付款(cashondelivery)Payment:ThebuyershouldpaytotalvalueofthegoodstothesellerbyT/TuponreceiptoftheoriginalB/L.2、托收方式①即期付款交單流轉(zhuǎn)程序出口方進(jìn)口方代收行托收行船公司簽訂買賣合同發(fā)運(yùn)貨物提交匯票及單據(jù)，填寫托收申請(qǐng)書委托收款提示匯票付款贖單放單提取貨物解付貨款②付款交單支付條款舉例托收條款的內(nèi)容：買方的付款和/或承兌責(zé)任、付款時(shí)間、銀行交單的條件。①Payment:ByD/Patsight.(UponfirstpresentationtheBuyersshallpayagainstdocumentarydraftdrawnbytheSellersatsight.Theshippingdocumentsaretobedeliveredagainstpaymentonly.)②Payment:ByD/Pat60dayssight.(UponfirstpresentationTheBuyersshalldulyacceptthedocumentarydraftdrawnbytheSellersat60dayssightandmakepaymentonitsmaturity.Theshippingdocumentsaretobedeliveredagainstpaymentonly.)③Payment:ByD/Aat60dayssight.(UponfirstpresentationTheBuyersshalldulyacceptthedocumentarydraftdrawnbytheSellersat60dayssightandmakepaymentonitsmaturity.Theshippingdocumentsaretobedeliveredagainstacceptance.)信用證支付條款的內(nèi)容：1、開證銀行：一般訂為賣方接受的銀行。2、信用證的種類：我國只接受不可撤銷信用證。3、開證日期：一般訂為裝運(yùn)期前若干天開到。4、信用證的議付有效期和到期地點(diǎn)：議付有效期一般是裝運(yùn)期后10—15天，以便裝運(yùn)后有充分時(shí)間制單，到期地點(diǎn)應(yīng)訂在出口人所在地。效地在出口國,在到期后,銀行有5天的工作日審單,在這期間,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)單據(jù)有問題，出口商還來得及修改。如果在國外,要提前寄單,從中國到遠(yuǎn)洋國家至少要一周,到近洋也要三天。①Payment:ByirrevocableL/Catsight.②Payment:TheBuyershouldopenthroughabankacceptabletotheSelleranIrrevocableLetterofCreditpayablebydraftatsighttoreachtheSeller30daysbeforethemonthofshipment,validfo