閱讀理解匯編-議論文

C（江蘇卷）WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業(yè))withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto__________.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyB.aslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictofpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould__________.A.takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.【答案】61.D62.A63.B64.B【解析】本文屬于議論文，講述對(duì)信息技術(shù)的過(guò)分迷戀對(duì)國(guó)家，對(duì)個(gè)人，對(duì)慈善事業(yè)都會(huì)有不利的影響?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段However,theyhavereakimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.可知，對(duì)信息技術(shù)的錯(cuò)誤判斷會(huì)導(dǎo)致有限資源的錯(cuò)誤使用，也就是資源的浪費(fèi)，故選D。【62題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.可知，與其給那些貧困地區(qū)孩子筆記本電腦或者建網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心，還不如給錢(qián)打井，鋪電網(wǎng)或者生產(chǎn)他們買(mǎi)得起的洗衣機(jī)，這些東西更能改善他們的生活。作者不是說(shuō)這些東西一定更重要，但是很多捐贈(zèng)者沒(méi)有仔細(xì)考慮捐贈(zèng)的東西的長(zhǎng)期成本，因此作者建議捐贈(zèng)者要考慮接受捐贈(zèng)的人的實(shí)際情況，而不是一味地追求信息化，故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".以及Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.可知，對(duì)新東西的迷戀讓人們認(rèn)為如今通訊技術(shù)和交通的變革讓我們生活在一個(gè)無(wú)國(guó)界的世界。正是認(rèn)為我們生活在這樣一個(gè)世界，很多政府取消了關(guān)于跨國(guó)界的資本、勞動(dòng)力以及商品流動(dòng)的法律法規(guī)，故選B。【64題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業(yè))withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.可知，對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)呈現(xiàn)的通訊技術(shù)變革的迷戀讓很多富裕國(guó)家做出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論，制造產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了，他們應(yīng)該靠創(chuàng)意生活，因而忽略了制造業(yè)，從而對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成不利影響，故可知，傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)依然有它的地位，不能新興的信息技術(shù)取代，故選B。B（新課標(biāo)Ⅲ）ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It’snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(來(lái)源)ofinspirationfordesigners,”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(時(shí)尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美學(xué))onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”O(jiān)fcourse,notonlyaretoday’stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,”addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks. B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes. D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion. B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels. D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingon”inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownon C.workingwith D.competingagainst27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.D【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了中國(guó)文化及中國(guó)美學(xué)對(duì)國(guó)際時(shí)尚屆的影響。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.可知，此次展覽吸引的參觀者人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了記錄，顯示出人們對(duì)中國(guó)影響的濃厚興趣。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Hill所說(shuō)的話“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”（中國(guó)模特是向世界各地的女性推銷(xiāo)夢(mèng)想的美麗和時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)的面孔，這意味著中國(guó)女性不僅僅是時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者——她們是這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的核心。）可知，Hill說(shuō)中國(guó)女性正在引領(lǐng)新時(shí)尚，故選A?！?6題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales說(shuō)在設(shè)計(jì)和銷(xiāo)售上擊敗他們，由此推斷出上文VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MareJacobs的意思是VeraWang、AlexanderWang和JasonWu正在與Galliano、Albaz和MareJacobs競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。takingon意思是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，故選D。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。本文通過(guò)AmandaHill的評(píng)論，論述了中國(guó)文化、中國(guó)藝術(shù)、中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師等等在國(guó)際時(shí)尚中發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。因此，“中國(guó)文化刺激著國(guó)際時(shí)尚的發(fā)展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故選D。D（天津卷）WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolean，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.ThethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskillsWelearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate（視……等同于）“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewayst