定語從句考點(diǎn)透視

定語從句一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語稱之為定語從句。被修飾限定的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。定語從句可分為兩種，即限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句?；靖拍钕刃性~是物先行詞是人定語地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語

主賓

主

賓關(guān)系代詞whichthatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系副詞wherewhenwhy原因狀語關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞thatwhichwhomwhoseaswhenwhywhowhere

正確使用關(guān)系詞主語賓語表語定語狀語指代人或物功能指代時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因功能選擇依據(jù)：

1)弄清關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分，是主語、賓語、定語還是狀語2)辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、事還是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因3)判斷從句是限制性的還是非限制性的(只有that,why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性從句)(主句)ThegirlisMary.1.Thegirlisreadingabook.2.Everyonelikesthegirl.Thegirl

isMary.whoisreadingabookwhomeveryonelikes3.Thegirl'shairisgold.whosehairisgoldthatwhothat()(主句)Thebookisonthedesk.1.ThebookbelongstoMary.2.Marylikesthebookmost.3.Thebook'scoverisblue.Thebook

isonthedesk.whichbelongstoMarywhichMarylikesmostwhosecoverisbluethatthat()關(guān)系代詞that和which在很多情況下可以互換，但哪些情況只能用that?考點(diǎn)一1.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2.Thereisnodifficulty

thatwecan’tovercome.3.Thisisthefirstletter

thatI’vewritteninEnglish.4.ThisisthemostexcitingtripthatIhaveeverexperienced.5.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschools

(that)theyhadvisited.1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如：all,few,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none等。2)先行詞前有no,all,few,little,theonly,oneof,every,very等詞修飾時(shí)。3）先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞first,last,next等修飾時(shí)。4）先行詞是形容詞的最高級或被形容詞的最高級修飾時(shí)。5）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。只用that不用which的情況：A)thatB)whichC)whoD)whomE)省略多項(xiàng)選擇1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_____isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_____Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_____Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_____canfrightenme.AAAEAAE有哪些情況關(guān)系代詞不用that，而用which，who，whom?考點(diǎn)二1、在非限制性定語從句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.１．Hemadethesamemistakesagain,______madehisparentsveryangry.２．YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.３．Mr.Smith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.４．Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,_______Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhomFillintheblanks1.Herbag,in_______sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with______Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.2、在介詞后面，指事物用which，指人用whom.whichwhichwhom在定語從句中如何正確判斷與使用介詞?考點(diǎn)三1.Thegirl_____whomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.2.Heistheman_____whomIthinkyoucandepend.3.Hereferredtosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.方法1.看定語從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配foronwithFillintheblanks方法2.看從句中的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組與先行詞的搭配1.Hemadeaholeinthewall,________whichhecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.2.Thelibrarian_____whomIjustshookhandsworksheartandsoul.throughwith方法3、根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞搭配1.Therate______whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.2.Thisisourclassroom,_______________（在前面）whichthereisateacher’sdesk.atinthefrontof關(guān)系副詞When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhich關(guān)系副詞與介詞+關(guān)系代詞的替代名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+of

+which/whom知多少?考點(diǎn)四1.Thecommitteeconsistsof20membersand5

of

themarewomen.2.Thebookcontains50poems,andmostofthemwerewrittenin1930s.3.Ihaveasentence,and

themeaningof

itIdon’tunderstand.Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5

of

whomarewomen.Thebookcontains50poems,

mostofwhichwerewrittenin1930s.Ihaveasentence,

themeaningof

whichIdon’tunderstand.Rewritethefollowingsentences名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+of

表示物用which

表示人用whomConclusion如何恰當(dāng)使用when,where,why與which,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句?考點(diǎn)五1.

先行詞是表示地點(diǎn),時(shí)間,原因的名詞或含有地點(diǎn),時(shí)間,原因意義的抽象名詞，用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.when,where,why在從句中作狀語相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的介詞+which2.

若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。ConclusionThelibrary_____________youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.Thisisthetown______________Ispentmychildhood.where/inwhich(which/that)I’llneverforgettheday____________wefirstmetinthepark.I’llneverforgetthetime__________Ispentwithyou.when/onwhich(which/that)Thisisthereason_________________Ididn’tcomehere.why/forwhichThereason__________shegavewasnottrue.(which/that)如何用好whose

引導(dǎo)的定語從句?考點(diǎn)六whose表示所屬關(guān)系Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseThereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose

as和which

的區(qū)別知多少？考點(diǎn)七as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句此時(shí)先行詞前常被such,thesame,so,as修飾，即構(gòu)成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,as…as結(jié)構(gòu)，做題時(shí)容易忽略。提示：在做有關(guān)定語從句題目時(shí)，如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)as,請先考慮是否考查as引導(dǎo)的定語從句。as作為關(guān)系代詞，既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中做主語、賓語或表語.1、用于非限制性定語從句時(shí)，可以指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，as和which可以換用。

Helefther,______________wasstrange.

2、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句中和句尾。

________everyoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.

3、非限制性定語從句中謂語為被動(dòng)時(shí)，常用as作主語。

asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed等。

_______isknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.

4、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有“正如”的含義，因此，下列句式中多用as:

as/whichAsAsasiswellknown/isknowntoallashasbeensaidbeforeashasbeenalreadypointedoutasweallcanseeasisexpected/hoped/supposedasisoftenthecase……as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu)有眾所周知如前所述正如已經(jīng)指出的正如我們所看到的正如所盼望的/

希望的/料想的情況常常如此5、which引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句只能置于句尾。

Thedecisionwasright,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.6、which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代主句中的一個(gè)詞（先行詞）從句置于先行詞后，可在句中或句尾。

Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround._____isknowntoallthat

theearthisround.Itwhich/as

AsItas具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定語從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,四.as在定語從句中的靈活運(yùn)用as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句)這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語從句)1.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致性。試比較：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______herejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswho_______herejustnow.2.定語從句與并列結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較：Hehastwosons,neitherof_________lookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherof________lookslikehim.考點(diǎn)八定語從句運(yùn)用中的注意點(diǎn)

waswerewhomthem3、是用theone還是用that,which,where.

（1）Isthisschool_______youstudy?

（2）Isthistheschool______youstudyin?

（3）Isthistheschool_______youstudy?

（4）Isthisschool______isaseniorone?

A.that/which

B.where

C.theone

D.theonewhere

E.theonethat/which

遇到這類句子，先將其變成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表語。若缺表語，則必須用theone的形式，接著再看theone在從句中作什么成分，若作狀語，則必須用theonewhere，若作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用theone(that/which)

DABE4、是用when還是用that,which（1）May1istheday______wespenttogether.

（2）May1istheday______ijoinedthearmy.

A.that/which

B.when

當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，用when,若作主語或賓語時(shí)，就用that/which.

AB5.where引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如：1)I’vecometothepoint__________Ican’tstandhim.2)He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.

在這兩句中，where引導(dǎo)的定語從句分別修飾point和situation,表示抽象意義“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。occasion,state,case,condition,stagewherewhere6、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

（1）Itwasinthishouse_____hewasborn.

（2）Itwasthehouse______hewasborn.

（3）Itwasinthehouse______heusedtoliveinthattheexhibitionwasheld.

A.where

B.that

C.which

D.there

判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的方法是去掉itis/was…that,若整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義不受影響，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，否則為定語從句。

BAC7、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別（1）定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別是看有無表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，有則是定語從句，試比較：Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.

Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.（2）定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別是看從句的連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語從句；若連接詞在句中不作成分時(shí)，則為結(jié)果狀語從句。試比較：Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.

He