2020年整合考博英語英譯漢、漢譯英專項練習(含詳解)2名師精品資料

人大考博英語漢譯英專項練習（1-10，含詳解）專項練習1科技是人類文明進步的動力源泉。古老的中國，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。今天的中國人民，不僅與全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各個領(lǐng)域推動世界科技的進步?？萍紛W運將反映科技最新進展，集成全國科技創(chuàng)新成果，推出一屆高科技含量的體育盛會；提高北京科技創(chuàng)新能力，推進高新技術(shù)成果的產(chǎn)業(yè)化及其在人民生活中的廣泛應用，使北京奧運會成為展示高新技術(shù)成果和創(chuàng)新實力的窗口?！緟⒖甲g文】ScienceandtechnologyisthesourcepowerwhichcandrivecivilizationofHumanbeing.China,anold-linecountry,hashadahighpositionintheworld'stechnologyhistory.Today,Chinesepeoplearenotonlysharingtheharvestoftechnologyandcivilizationwithpeoplefromrestoftheworld,butpromotingthescienceandtechnologyinallkindsoffieldaswell.High-techOlympicsmeansthatwewillcloselyfollowthelatesthigh-techdevelopmentshomeandabroadandintegratethehigh-techachievementsnationwidesoastohostamagnificentsportseventinhigh-techachievement.Indoingso,Beijing'scapacityinhigh-techinnovationwillbeimprovedandtheapplicationofhigh-techachievementsinproductionandpeople'slifepromoted.BeijingOlympicGameswillbeawindowtoshowcaseourhigh-techachievementsandinnovativecapacity.專項練習2去年，美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局把用來計算飛機載荷的乘客平均體重提高了10磅。因為當時原油價格創(chuàng)下了歷史新記錄，作為應對措施，很多公司不得不提高機票價格中的燃料費用。美國人和歐洲人不斷發(fā)胖的趨勢促使政府發(fā)動健康運動，同時人們嚴厲譴責許多食品公司。麥當勞連鎖店在譴責聲中受到?jīng)_擊，因而不得不在最近幾個月里修改菜單，增加了一些更有利于健康的食物。這一舉動促使麥當勞的盈利增加。然而，據(jù)專家預測，人類注定會越來越胖，會對航空公司的利潤空間形成不斷增加的壓力?！緟⒖甲g文】Lastyear,theFederalAviationAdministrationincreasedbytenpoundstheaveragepassengerweighttheyusetocalculateaircraftloads.Sincethencrudeoilpriceshavehitrecordlevels,withmanyfirmsrespondingbyraisingthefuelsurchargetheyaddtoticketprices.TherisinglevelofobesityintheUSandinEuropehaspromptedgovernmenthealthcampaignsandharshcriticismofanumberoffoodfirms.RestaurantchainMcDonald'shastakenthebruntoftheattackandhasinrecentmonthsreworkeditsmenutoincludehealthieroptions.Themovehashelpedliftprofits.Thepredictionbyexperts,however,isthathumansaresettobecomebigger,puttingincreasingpressureonairlineprofit.專項練習3據(jù)最新估計，雅典奧運會的開支已達到100億美元，這對于希臘這樣的小國來說可是一筆不小的數(shù)目，何況它曾經(jīng)是歐盟中最貧窮的國家。希臘對這次奧運會可能帶來的美好前景寄予厚望，并想借此機會（向世界）展示一個“煥然一新”的希臘，以吸引新的投資者和游客。但是，本國運動員的興奮劑丑聞和旅游業(yè)的低靡破壞了希臘的形象，這使希臘政府十分惱火。希臘財政部的一位重要官員告訴記者，希臘只有正確處理好公眾關(guān)系，才能使雅典奧運會的開銷變成投資?！緟⒖甲g文】LatestestimatesofthecostsofhostingtheAthensOlympicsputthematupto$10billionhugeamountforasmallcountrylikeGreece,oncethepoorestintheEU.Thenationhaspinnedhopesofasuccessfulfutureontheeventsbeingashowcasefora“transformed”country,attractingnewinvestorsandtouristsalike.Butthereisangeringovernmentthatthehometeam'sdopingscandalsandatourismslumpareruiningGreece'simage.AkeytreasuryaidetoldreportersthatGamesspendingwouldbecomeaninvestmentonlyifGreecegottherightpublicrelationsmessageacross.專項練習4正在意大利進行國事訪問的中國國家主席江澤民22日在總統(tǒng)府與意大利總統(tǒng)舉行了會談。江澤民主席說，中意兩國雖然相距遙遠，社會制度、文化傳統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展程度也存在差異，但兩國關(guān)系很好?，F(xiàn)在兩國合作的深度與廣度不斷擴大，意大利是中國在歐洲的重要貿(mào)易伙伴。兩國經(jīng)濟互補性強，雙方開展經(jīng)貿(mào)合作潛力很大。中國政府支持和鼓勵中國企業(yè)界同意大利同行多往來，使兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)合作更富有成果。【參考譯文】ChinesepresidentJiangZemingwhoiscurrentlyonastatevisittoItalyheldaformaltalkwithItalianpresidenton22ndatthepresidentialpalace.PresidentJiangpointedoutthatalthoughItalyandChinaaregeographicallyfarawayfromeachotherandimportantdifferencesexistintheirrespectivesocialsystems,culturaltraditions,andthelevelsofeconomicdevelopment,thetwocountrieshavesofarmaintainedaveryfriendlybilateralrelationship.Atpresent,thecooperationbetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenexpandingintermsofboththedepthandthewidth,ItalybeinganimportanttradepartnerofChinainEurope.Theeconomiesofbothcountriesarecharacterizedbystrongcomplementarityandthereistremendouspotentialforbothcountriestoundertakeeconomicandtradecooperation.TheChinesegovernmentwillsupportandencourageChinesebusinesscommunitiestoconductmorecontactswiththeirItaliancounterpartssoastomaketheeconomicandcommercialcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesmoreconstructiveandfruitful.專項練習5徐霞客一生周游考察了16個省，足跡幾乎遍及全國。他在考察的過程中，從來不盲目迷信書本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多不很可靠的地方。為了進行真實細致的考察，他很少乘車坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險的山區(qū)，人煙稀少的森林進行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景；他常常選擇不同的時間和季節(jié)，多次重游各地名山，反復觀察變換的奇景?！緟⒖甲g文】Duringhislifetime,XuXiaketraveledaroundandconductedsurveysin16provinces.Helefthisfootstepsinvirtuallyeverypartofthecountry.Intheprocessofconductinghissurveysandinvestigations,hewouldneverblindlyembracetheconclusionsrecordedinpreviousdocuments.Instead,hediscoveredthatthedocumentationsmadebyhispredecessorsintheirgeographicalstudieswerenotquitereliableinmanyaspects.Inordertoensurethathisreconnaissancewererealanddetailed,heseldomtraveledbyshiporbywagon.Heclimbedovermountainsandhillsandtraveledlongdistancesalmostentirelyonfoot.Inordertodevelopatruepictureofthenaturalworld,hemadeitapointofundertakinghisexpeditionsinthosemountainareaswhereroadsweredifficulttotravelandinthosewoodsthatweresparselypopulated.Inthiswayhediscoveredmanymarvelousmountainsandbeautifulscenes.Hefrequentlychosedifferenttimesandseasonsoftheyeartomakerepeatedvisitstothefamousmountainsacrossthecountrysothathecouldmakerepeatedobservationsoftheirwonderfulscenerythatkeptchangingallyearround.專項練習6在過去幾十年里,大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國家的人民文化水平得到了提高,壽命大大延長;幾乎在所有地方，婦女的地位在逐步提高。一個由電子郵件聯(lián)結(jié)的全球公民同盟，倡議并起草了最新的禁止地雷條約，并勸說大多數(shù)政府來簽署該條約。越來越多的環(huán)保組織與私營企業(yè)一起努力并產(chǎn)生了驚人的效果：最近已有二十多家大公司決定簽署全球氣象條約。【參考譯文】Literacyandlifespanshaverisendramaticallyinmostdevelopingcountriesoverthepastfewdecades,andthestatusofwomenisslowlyimprovingnearlyeverywhere.Itwasaglobalcoalitionofcitizens'groupslinkedbye-mailthatinitiatedandlargelydraftedtherecenttreatytobanlandminesandpersuadedmostoftheworld'sgovernmentstosignit.Andincreasingly,environmentalgroupsareworkingwithprivatecorporations,oftentostartlingeffect:Witnesstherecentdecisionofsometwodozenmajorcompaniestoendorsetheglobalclimatetreaty.專項練習7拉丁美洲的未來難以預料。一方面，該地區(qū)已做好發(fā)展的準備：大多數(shù)民主政府已投入經(jīng)濟改革，人口已大部分城市化，相當可觀的工業(yè)基礎,極為豐富的自然資源。另一方面，拉丁美洲仍是全球最不平等的地區(qū)：土地所有權(quán)高度集中,大多數(shù)人不具備接受良好的教育及其他社會服務的機會，一些國家仍有高達40%的赤貧人口。腐化的毒品交易和持久的暴力活動都是當?shù)仄毡榇嬖诘膯栴}。拉丁美洲國家可能在實行社會及經(jīng)濟改革，但是由于社會局勢緊張，人們無法廣泛享受發(fā)展帶來的好處，因此該地區(qū)前景暗淡，并會引發(fā)新一輪的動蕩局面和經(jīng)濟蕭條?！緟⒖甲g文】LatinAmerica'sfutureisuncertain.Ontheonehand,theregionispoisedforgrowth,withmostlydemocraticgovernmentscommittedtoeconomicreform,analreadylargelyurbanizedpopulation,asubstantialindustrialbase,andvastquantitiesofnaturalresources.Ontheotherhand,LatinAmericaremainsthemostunequalregiononearth,withhighlyconcentratedownershipofland,limitedaccesstogoodeducationandothersocialservicesformany,andasmuchas40%ofthepopulationindirepovertyinsomecountries.Thecorruptionofthecocainetradeandpersistentviolenceareendemicproblems.LatinAmericancountriesmaypursuesocialaswellaseconomicreform,butsocialtensionsandthefailuretosharethebenefitsofgrowthmorewidelycouldunderminetheregion'sprospectsandinitiateanewcycleofinstabilityandeconomicstagnation.專項練習8任何人都無法肯定地預測北美、歐洲和日本在未來會扮演怎樣的角色。由于擁有巨大的經(jīng)濟和社會優(yōu)勢并掌握著資本和技術(shù)，他們的潛在領(lǐng)導力和影響力大大提高。但是，保守的社會和政治反動勢力可能導致一種不很樂觀的發(fā)展趨勢，那就是這些強大的地區(qū)采取更加狹隘、閉關(guān)自守的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。另外，無法確定的是，這些較為富裕的國家能否持有相同觀點【參考譯文】NoonecanforecastwithcertaintythepreciserolesthatNorthAmerica,Europe,andJapanwillplayinthefuture.Theirpotentialcapacityforleadershipandinfluenceisbolsteredbytheenormouseconomicandsocialadvantagestheyenjoy,aswellastheircommandofcapitalandtechnology.Butreactionarysocialandpoliticaltendenciescouldleadtoaless-optimisticscenarioinwhichthesepowerfulregionsforgeanarrower,inward-lookingstrategy.Itisnotatallcertainthatthemore-affluentnationswillshareasingleoutlook.專項練習9目前幾乎所有在營銷的新的教育產(chǎn)品和教育服務都帶有技術(shù)的特征。這種技術(shù)能替代全部教師或減少教師的數(shù)量，從而解決一些傳統(tǒng)教育中的致命弱點。譬如，替代教師只是降低了大量勞動密集型的教學過程導致的昂貴費用，而學生數(shù)量并沒有減少。這樣就取消了教師終身職位制，而終身制恰恰使那些既沒有受過培訓又沒有水平，不適應變化及新方法的教員始終留在崗位上。這一技術(shù)最終猶如最好的教師，永遠耐心溫和。它適合每個學生的不同學習速度和知識水平，永不疲倦。【參考譯文】Almostalloftheneweducationalproductsandservicesnowbeingmarketedbearthestampoftechnology.Suchtechnologyreplacesteachersaltogetherorreducestheirnumber,thussolvingseveralcriticalweaknessesintraditionaleducation.Forinstance,replacingteachersreducesthehighcostofanexcessivelylabor-intensiveinstructionalprocesswhilestillservingthesamenumberofstudents.Then,too,iteliminatestenure,whichunfortunatelylocksininstructorswhodonothavethetrainingorknowledgetokeepupwithchangingfieldsandnewapproaches.Finally,technology,likethebestofteachers,isinfinitelypatientandreassuring.Itaccommodatesthespeedofeachstudentandhisorherleveloflearning.Itneverwearies.專項練習10大多數(shù)在因特網(wǎng)上提供教育產(chǎn)品和服務的公司致力于員工和管理業(yè)務培訓。電腦學校聲稱全校有3萬名學生