【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 216第六章情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（江蘇專用）

第六章情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣

△情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解△一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1．can/could(1)表“能力”。【例1】Justbepatient.You________expecttheworldtochangesosoon. (2010·全國(guó)Ⅰ)A．can't B．needn'tC．maynot D．whether答案A【例2】We________eatinarestaurantbecausenoneofushadanymoneyonus.A．can't B．couldn'tC．maynot D．mightnot答案B(2)表“許可”?；卮餭ould的提問(wèn)常用can，一般不用could?！纠?】—CouldIuseyourbike?—Yes,surelyyou________.A．mightB．willC．canD．could答案C(3)could一般只表過(guò)去的能力；若表示過(guò)去的能力得到了實(shí)施，一般用was/wereableto，不用could。【例4】Thefirespreadthroughoutthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________getout.A．hadto B．wouldC．could D．wasableto答案D2．may/might(1)表“許可”(＝can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”，用mustn't或can't?；卮餸ight的提問(wèn)常用may，一般不用might?！纠?】—________Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot. (2010·四川)A．WillB．MayC．MustD．Need答案B【例6】—MightIuseyourpen?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．mayB．mustC．couldD．might答案A【例7】—MayIwatchTVnow?—No,you________.A．canB．mustn'tC．couldn'tD．mightn't答案B(2)may表“祝愿”，置句首，主謂要倒裝?！纠?】Goodlucktoyou,and________allyourwishescometrue!A．canB．mayC．mustD．might答案B3．must/haveto(1)表“必須”。must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法；haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要?！纠?】

①Thisisabadparty—Wereally________go.②Thisisalovelyparty,butwe________gobecauseofourbaby.A．mustB．mayC．canD．haveto答案①A②D(2)mustn't意為“禁止、不準(zhǔn)”；haven'tto意為“不必”(＝needn't)。【例10】You________practicethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.A．haven'tto B．mightn'tC．mustn't D．won't答案C(3)must表“偏要、硬要”?！纠?1】Why________youalwaysinterruptme?A．canB．willC．mayD．must答案C【例12】—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou________，chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A．shouldB．couldC．mayD．must答案D(4)以must開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，若要作否定回答，常用needn't或haven'tto，一般不用mustn't?！纠?3】—MustIcomeatfouro'clock?—Oh，no.You________comeatfour.A．won'tB．needn'tC．can'tD．mustn't答案B4．oughtto/should(1)意為“應(yīng)該”，表義務(wù)或責(zé)任，oughtto的語(yǔ)氣比should稍重。【例14】It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack________behereatanymoment.A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can答案C(2)should表“竟然、萬(wàn)一”?！纠?5】Youcan'timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman________besorudetoalady.A．mightB．needC．shouldD．would答案C【例16】Ifyou________haveanydifficultyingettingspareparts,ringthisnumber.A．oughtto B．shouldC．will D．would答案B5．need(1)意為“需要”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，須跟動(dòng)詞原形，無(wú)人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，一般只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。在肯定句中一般用作行為動(dòng)詞?！纠?7】—Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.—You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A．mustn't B．maynotC．can't D．needn't答案D【例18】Idon'tthinkhe________anewcomputer.A．needtobuy B．needsbuyC．needbuy D．need答案C(2)以need開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，若要作肯定回答，常用must，一般不用need?！纠?9】—NeedIcome?—Yes,you________.A．needB．mustC．needn'tD．mustn't答案B6．dare意為“敢”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，須跟動(dòng)詞原形，有過(guò)去式(dared)，無(wú)人稱、數(shù)的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中。在肯定句中一般用作行為動(dòng)詞?！纠?0】Iwonderhowhe________thattotheteacher.A．daretosay B．daresayingC．notdaresay D．daredsay答案D【例21】She________tellthebossbecauseshedoesn'twanttomaketrouble.A．doesn'tdareto B．notdareC．daren'tto D．daresnotto答案A7．shall(1)用于疑問(wèn)句中征求意見(jiàn)，主語(yǔ)是第一、三人稱?！纠?2】Let'sgoshopping,________we?A．don'tB．willC．shallD．mustn't答案C【例23】ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou.________theywaithereoroutside?A．DoB．WillC．ShallD．Would答案C(2)用于陳述句中表示說(shuō)話人的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令等，主語(yǔ)多為第二、三人稱?！纠?4】—Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet,butI'llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don'tworry.You________haveitbyFriday.(2010·江蘇)A．couldB．shallC．mustD．may答案B【例25】—Mikeisabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe________answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A．shallB．willC．wouldD．can答案A8．will/would(1)用于征求意見(jiàn)，主語(yǔ)是第二人稱。【例26】—________youbeherewhenwegetback?—Surely.A．ShallB．WillC．DoD．Mustn't答案B(2)表“意志、意愿”，用于各種人稱。主語(yǔ)若為無(wú)生命的東西，won't不表意愿，而是“就是不……”之意。【例27】Ipushedthesecond-handcarinthemudwithmyfullstrength,butit________move.A．won'tB．wouldn'tC．mightn'tD．couldn't答案B(3)表“習(xí)慣”，will指現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would指過(guò)去的習(xí)慣?！纠?8】Whenhewasthere,he________gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A．would B．shouldC．hadbetter D．might答案A(二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法推測(cè)現(xiàn)在的情況，后接動(dòng)詞原形；推測(cè)正在進(jìn)行的情況，后接動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)；推測(cè)過(guò)去的情況，后接動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)。1．must只用于肯定句中，意為“一定”?！纠?9】—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.You________beMrs.Peter.(2010·北京)A．mightB．mustC．wouldD．can答案B【例30】Ididn'thearthephone.I________asleep.A．mustbe B．musthavebeenC．shouldbe D．shouldhave答案B【例31】—DoyouknowwhatTomisdoingatthecrossroads?—He________forhisgirlfriend.A．shouldwait B．mustbewaitingC．canhavewaited D．mightwaiting答案B2．can/could多用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，二者一般沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差異，只是could的語(yǔ)氣更客氣委婉。can't/couldn't意為“不可能”?！纠?2】I'mafraidMr.Harding________seeyounow.He'sbusy.

(2010·全國(guó)Ⅱ)A．can't B．mustn'tC．shouldn't D．needn't答案A【例33】—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It________acomfortablejourney.A．can'tbe B．shouldn'tbeC．mustn'thavebeen D．couldn'thavebeen答案D【例34】TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit________beveryslow.A．shouldB．mustC．willD．can答案D3．may/might用于肯定句或否定句中，might不是may的過(guò)去式，只是might的可能性比may小。maynot/mightn't意為“可能不”?！纠?5】Peter________comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A．mustB．mayC．canD．will答案B【例36】—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A．mustB．mightC．canD．need答案B【例37】—Ican'tunderstandwhyourbossislate.—He________theearlybus.A．couldmiss B．mayhavemissedC．canhavemissed D．mightmiss答案B4．oughtto/should意為“按理應(yīng)該”?！纠?8】—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They________bereadyby12∶00.A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need答案B(三)“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”的虛擬用法1．oughtto/shouldhavedone表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上未做，含有責(zé)備的口氣?！纠?9】I________havewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山東)A．shouldn'tB．needn'tC．couldn'tD．mustn't答案A【例40】—I'lltellMaryabouttheresultofherfinalexamination.—You________heryesterday.A．oughttotell B．maytellC．wouldhavetold D．oughttohavetold答案D2．couldhavedone表示過(guò)去本能夠做而實(shí)際上未做，含有責(zé)備或遺憾之意?！纠?1】—You________yourteacherforhelp.Heiskind－h(huán)earted.—Yes.Awholedaywaswasted.A．can B．musthaveaskedC．couldhaveasked D．shouldn'thaveasked答案C3．mighthavedone表示過(guò)去本可以做而實(shí)際上未做，含有責(zé)備或遺憾之意?！纠?2】He________youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A．mighthavegiven B．mightgiveC．mayhavegiven D．maygive答案A4．needn'thavedone表示過(guò)去本沒(méi)有必要做，但實(shí)際上做了，含有遺憾之意?！纠?3】Mark________havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly. (2010·天津)A．needn'tB．wouldn'tC．mustn'tD．couldn't答案A【例44】Shewastoonervoustoreply,butfortunatelyshe________anything.A．didn'tneedtosay B．needn'thavesaidC．needn'tsay D．doesn'tneedtosay答案A二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣(一)虛擬條件句的三種基本類型1．若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be通常用were)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would(should，could，might)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。【例45】Ifplaces________alike,there________littleneedforgeographers.A．a(chǎn)re；shouldbe B．a(chǎn)re；willbeC．were；be D．were；wouldbe答案D2．若與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would(should，could，might)＋have＋過(guò)去分詞”。【例46】Ifhe________，he________thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A．waswarned；wouldnottakeB．hadbeenwarned；wouldnothavetakenC．wouldbewarned；hadnottakenD．wouldhavebeenwarned；hadnottaken答案B3．若與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be通常用were)或should＋動(dòng)詞原形或wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would(should，could，might)＋動(dòng)詞原形”?！纠?7】Whatwouldhappeniftheearth________stopturning?A．willB．wouldC．couldD．wereto答案D【例48】—Ithinkit________muchbetterifhe________ajobsoon.—Yes,Iagreewithyou.A．wouldbe；got B．is；willgetC．wouldhavebeen；hadgot D．willbe；got答案A注：當(dāng)條件從句使用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣或祈使句?！纠?9】Letmeknowifyou________somemorenews.A．heard B．wouldhearC．shouldhear D．weretohear答案C【例50】Ifyou________interested,I________youthewholestory.A．shouldbe；willtell B．wereto；willtellC．were；willtell D．a(chǎn)re；wouldtell答案A(二)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過(guò)去，而主句卻指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整?！纠?1】Weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrowifwe________everythingreadybynow.A．haven'tgot B．hadn'tgotC．didn't D．don'tget答案B【例52】Ifhe________quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A．lies B．layC．hadlain D．shouldlie答案C(三)含蓄虛擬條件句假設(shè)情況不用if從句來(lái)表示，而是用without，butfor，otherwise，or，but等表示一種含蓄條件。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反，用“would(should，could，might)＋動(dòng)詞原形”；表示與過(guò)去相反用“would(should，could，might)＋have＋過(guò)去分詞”。【例53】Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight________forustolive.A．wouldbefreezingcoldB．willbefreezingcoldlyC．wouldbefrozencoldD．canfreezecoldly答案A【例54】Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball.Otherwisehe________agoal.A．hadscored B．scoredC．wouldscore D．wouldhavescored答案D【例55】Butforthestorm,we________earlier.A．willarrive B．shouldhavearrivedC．a(chǎn)rrive D．a(chǎn)rrived答案B(四)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略與倒裝有時(shí)可將連詞if省略，而將從句中的were，should，had提到主語(yǔ)之前?！纠?6】Whatwouldhavehappened,________，asfarastheriverbank?A．BobhadwalkedfartherB．ifBobshouldwalkfartherC．hadBobwalkedfartherD．ifBobwalkedfarther答案C【例57】________youbefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A．WouldB．ShouldC．WereD．Will答案B【例58】________takengoodcareof,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.A．Hashebeennot B．HadhenotbeenC．Hasnothebeen D．Hadhebeennot答案B(五)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種從句1．wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句和ifonly后的句子：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示與過(guò)去相反的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或“would(could)＋have＋過(guò)去分詞”；表示將來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用“would(could)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。【例59】HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A．has B．hadC．willhave D．hashad答案B【例60】IwishI________youyesterday.A．seen B．sawC．hadseen D．weretosee答案C【例61】Ifonlyhe________whatItellhim,buthewon't.A．haddone B．wouldhavedoneC．woulddo D．hasdone答案C2．a(chǎn)sif/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；表示將來(lái)的可能性不大，用“would(could)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。【例62】Itseemsasifthesun________roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A．circles B．iscirclingC．werecircling D．hasbeencircling答案C注：若從句所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容可能為事實(shí)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣?！纠?3】Thelastbushasleft.Itseemsasifwe________towalkhome.A．shallhave B．hadC．wouldhave D．hadhad答案A3．It's(high/about)time后的定語(yǔ)從句：從句謂語(yǔ)通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”(should不可省)?！纠?4】—Istillhaven'tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.—It'stimeyou________it.A．doB．didC．hadD．would答案B4．wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句：通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的愿望?！纠?5】Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe________moreonitsculture.(2010·江蘇)A．focus B．focusedC．wouldfocus D．hadfocused答案B5．一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持”(insist)、兩個(gè)“命令”(order，command)、三個(gè)“建議”(advise，suggest，propose)、四個(gè)“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)后的賓語(yǔ)從句：一般用”should＋動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省)。【例66】Thejudgeorderedthatthethief________punished.A．wouldbe B．shouldbeC．wastobe D．mustbe答案B【例67】He________thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanyhelp.A．claimed B．requiredC．demanded D．a(chǎn)sked答案A注：動(dòng)詞insist，suggest后的賓語(yǔ)從句除可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣外，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，區(qū)別是：若從句內(nèi)容尚未成為事實(shí)，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；從句內(nèi)容已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣

【例68】Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________free.A．did；set B．haddone；shouldbesetC．do；beset D．does；wouldbeset答案B【