2020年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練專題09-動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

專題九動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)分析對(duì)于動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，主要考查詞義辨析、動(dòng)詞的用法和搭配、一詞多義以及在具體語(yǔ)境中正確使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。要特別注意一些最常用的詞匯如get,make,have,take以及與它們構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等。一、動(dòng)詞分類一覽表動(dòng)詞的分類例句行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）及物動(dòng)詞（此）+賓語(yǔ)Hesangasongforus.不及物動(dòng)詞（龐）后不接賓語(yǔ)Hearrivedlate.+介詞HearrivedinWuhanat10a.m.系動(dòng)詞表人和事物的特征和狀態(tài)：be,feel,appear,seem,look,sound,smell,taste等Heseemsangry.表狀態(tài)變化：become,get,go,turn,grow,fall等Thefishwentbad.表狀態(tài)的延續(xù)或持續(xù)：keep,stay,remain等Heremainedsilent.助動(dòng)詞be,have,do,shall,will等，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)的各種形式Ihaveboughtacar.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would,must,need,dare等Hemaycometomorrow.注意：有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞。如：Wehavelunchat12.（行為動(dòng)詞）/WehavebeentoJapan.（助動(dòng)詞）二、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一覽表動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成示例例句動(dòng)詞+副詞breakout爆發(fā)TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1931.動(dòng)詞+介詞agreewith同意Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞comeupwith想出；提出Icameupwithagoodidea.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞makeuseof利用Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.動(dòng)詞+名詞takeplace發(fā)生Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.三、常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)歸納常用動(dòng)詞come,go,keep,look,make,put,take,turn,get的相關(guān)搭配comecomeabout發(fā)生；造成comeacross偶然遇到comeafter追蹤；跟在......后面comealong一道走；趕快comeat向..撲過(guò)來(lái)comefrom來(lái)自comeon跟隨；上演；趕快；加油comeout出來(lái)；出版；結(jié)果是cometo（oneself）蘇醒；總共；達(dá)到；涉及comeintobeing/existence出現(xiàn)；開(kāi)始形成；成立cometoanagreement達(dá)成協(xié)議cometoaclose/anend終止；結(jié)束cometolife活過(guò)來(lái)cometolight泄露；被發(fā)現(xiàn)cometomind想起；回憶起cometothepoint（講話、寫文章等）切中要害cometothe/one'srescue營(yíng)救；幫助cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)；變成現(xiàn)實(shí)comeupwith想出；提出comein進(jìn)來(lái)；上市；流行起來(lái)；（比賽中）得......名次（comeinsecond得第二名）gogoaboutgogoabout此處走動(dòng)goafter追趕；追捕；追求goahead前進(jìn)；說(shuō)吧；走吧；做吧（口語(yǔ)）goallouttodosth.全力以赴做某事gobeyond超出；超出..的能力goby從..經(jīng)過(guò)/通過(guò)；時(shí)間流逝gobackto追溯到；回顧godown下降；下跌goinfor參與；從事；愛(ài)好goaround/round繞道；四處走動(dòng)；（故事keepkeepaway不靠近；遠(yuǎn)離keepback向后退；保留keepinmind記??；把..記在心里keepinorder保持整齊；使井井有條keepintouchwith保持聯(lián)系keepone'searsopen留心細(xì)聽(tīng)；傾聽(tīng)gointo進(jìn)入；從事gooff離開(kāi)某地；爆炸goover復(fù)習(xí)；超過(guò)期限；審閱；仔細(xì)查看goout熄滅；出去；過(guò)時(shí)gothrough穿過(guò)；經(jīng)受gotoofar太過(guò)分；走得太遠(yuǎn)gowith相配（同義詞match）gowellwith協(xié)調(diào)；相配gowrong出錯(cuò)；發(fā)生故障；縈繞keepone'seyesopen留心；注意keepout不讓入內(nèi)；不要進(jìn)來(lái)keepoutof不參與；不牽涉進(jìn)去；置身事外keepquiet保持安靜keepupyourcourage鼓起勇氣；保持勇氣keepupwith跟上looklike看起來(lái)像lookout（of）looklike看起來(lái)像lookout（of）當(dāng)心；小心；向外看lookthrough瀏覽；看穿lookup仰視；查找（字典、電話本等）lookuptosb.尊敬lookupanddown上下打量（某人）lookto指望；寄望；依靠lookon袖手旁觀lookover仔細(xì)檢查bemadeupof由……組成/構(gòu)成maketea/coffee泡茶/泡咖啡makealiving某人makeadifference有影響；有關(guān)系makefulluseof充分利用makeexcuses超借口；辯解makeacontributionto為……做貢獻(xiàn)makeacomplaint提出投訴puton穿上；上演putout撲滅；吹滅putup舉起；張貼putupwith忍受；忍耐putone'sheartinto全心全意投入putinprison投入監(jiān)獄putonweight增肥keepoff不接近；保持距離；避開(kāi)；回避（某話題）looklookabout/around四周環(huán)顧lookafter照顧lookahead向前看；展望未來(lái)lookat看lookback回顧；回過(guò)頭看lookdownupon看不起lookdownone'snoseat傲慢；輕視某人lookforwardto期待lookinto調(diào)查makemakesense說(shuō)得通；有意義；言之有理makeup構(gòu)成makeupfor彌補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)償makeupone'smind下決心；決定makeaneffortto/makeeffortsto努力；盡力makeoneselfheard讓自己被別人聽(tīng)到makegoodsense/nosense有意義/沒(méi)意義makefunof嘲笑；取笑makeadeepimpressiononsb.給某人留下深刻印象putputaway放好；收起來(lái)putaside放在一邊；暫時(shí)不做；留出putback放回原處putdown放下；拒絕；寫下來(lái)putforward提出（計(jì)劃、建議等）putoff推遲；延期；脫掉（衣服等）putintouse投入使用putthrough做完；完成；接通電話（=getthrough）taketakeaway拿走；帶走takeback拿回來(lái)takeAforB把A誤認(rèn)為是Btakepartin參加takeadvantageof利用takecareof照顧takechargeof負(fù)責(zé)；管理takeachance碰運(yùn)氣takeholdof抓??；掌握takenoticeof留心；注意turnturnagainst背叛；反對(duì)turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身；轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)turnup調(diào)大聲；出現(xiàn)turndown調(diào)小聲；拒絕turnon打開(kāi)turnoff關(guān)掉o...把......變成......getgetaccustomedto習(xí)慣于getacross度過(guò)；通過(guò)；說(shuō)服；使理解getaheadof勝過(guò)；超過(guò)geton/alongwellwith與..相處融洽getawaywith僥幸逃脫；避免受罰getawayfrom拜托g(shù)etback取回；回來(lái)；報(bào)復(fù)getdownto認(rèn)真對(duì)待；靜下心來(lái)getfamiliarwith熟悉getholdof獲得；取得taketheopportunityof抓住機(jī)會(huì)taketheplaceof代替taketheriskof冒..的險(xiǎn)takeoff脫下；起飛takeup占據(jù)(時(shí)間、地方等)；從事于takein吸收；欺騙takeinturn依次takeashower沖涼takepridein=beproudof為..感到驕傲turnin上交(=handin)turnouttobe結(jié)果是；結(jié)局是turnover翻動(dòng)；翻過(guò)turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turnright/left右轉(zhuǎn)/左轉(zhuǎn)turnaway解雇；把..打發(fā)走turnback折回getintotrouble陷入麻煩getintobadhabits染上惡習(xí)getoff下車geton上車getoutof從..出來(lái)getover越過(guò)；克服getreadyfor為..作準(zhǔn)備getridof除去；去掉；免除；擺脫getthrough通過(guò)；及格；接通gettogether積聚；積累getusedto習(xí)慣于getupgetusedto習(xí)慣于考點(diǎn)練透一、短語(yǔ)翻譯根據(jù)句意將下列句子劃線部分的英文翻譯成中文。Strikingaproperbalancebetweenstudyandrestkeepsusenergeticandahealthydietisusefulaswell.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（翻譯：）Theycan'tteachchildrenlearning,letaloneofferingtheirpsychologicalandmoraleducation.（翻譯：）Sothewholesocietyshouldpayspecialattentiontothissocialphenomenon.（翻譯：）ItisacustominChinatohavesometeaorotherdrinksbeforethemealisserved.（翻譯：）Somepeoplesaythatthekeytosuccessistheluck,sotheyneverworkhardandofcoursecanonlyenvyothers'success.（翻譯：）JustasthefamoussayingbyEinsteingoes,successis99%ofhardworkand1%ofthefortune.（翻譯：）Therefore,Iwishallofusachievesuccessthroughourhardwork!（翻譯：）Besides,studyingabroadcannotonlybroadentheirhorizonsbutalsodeepentheirunderstandingofthecultureandcustomsinthatcountry.（翻譯：）HoweverIthinkitdifficultforthemtoadapttothenewenvironment（翻譯：）Soitwouldbebettertogoabroadaftertheyhavefinishedtheircollegeathome,whentheyaremorecapableoflearningandlivingontheirown.（翻譯：）Asyouknow,weChinesetakeprideinouroriginalhaircolorandwearefinewithit.（翻譯：）Inmyopinion,thosewithdifferenthaircolors,turningablindeyetoschoolrules,arenotworthlearningfrombecausetheyjustwanttomakethemselvesnoticed.（翻譯：）Itisknowntousthatnowadaysmiddleschoolstudentsarediligentintheirstudiesfortheprosperousfutureoftheirmotherland.（翻譯：）Nopain,nogains.ThereforeI'dliketosaytothosewho'dliketocheatinexams,“Getdowntoworknowanddon'tcheatyourselfanymore.”（翻譯：）Thousandsoftreeshavebeencutdownperyear,soinreturnsoilisbecomingmoreandmorebarren（貧瘠的）,andmeanwhile,theairisgettingworseandworse.（翻譯：）Wearesupposedtoliveharmoniouswithnature.（翻譯：）Iamwritingyoualetterinordertoapplyforapositioninyourcompany.(翻譯：)LiMingisverystrictwithherselfinherworkanddailylife,andisalwaysreadytohelpotherpeople.(翻譯：)Myownexperieneecanalsowellillustratetheimportanceofpraise(翻譯：)Ibegantoputmyheartintostudy,listeningattentivelyinclassandfinishingmyhomeworkontime.(翻譯：)Istronglysuggestthatallofustrytospotothers'strongpointsandnotbemeanwithourpraise(翻譯：)二、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Qiaoisasixth-graderatYuhuiPrimarySchool.Heisonly12yearsold1hasbeensmokingforthreeyears.Liu,15,is2Junior2studentatChichengNo.2MiddleSchool.He3(begin)smokingfouryearsago."Smokingispartofmylife,”Liusaid.QiaoandLiuarenotthoseboys'realnames.Buttheirproblem,smoking,isaveryrealproblem.Inmanycountries,smoking4(become)abiggerproblemforyoungpeople.Mostsmokersstartintheirteens(yearsofaperson'sagefrom13to19)or5(early).Astudyof8,000BeijingstudentslastMaytoldusthatsmokingisaproblemformanyChinesekids.Morethan21%ofmiddleschoolstudentsand6%ofprimaryschoolpupilssaid6smoked."7youngpeoplestartsmokingearly,theywillprobablygetaddicted8nicotine.Anditwillbeveryhardtogiveuplateron,”saidaprofessor.Everyyear,aboutfourmillionpeoplediebecauseofsmoking.Andifpeoplekeepsmoking,thatnumber_9(go)uptoabouttenmillionayearby2030,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)says.10wehavetolearnandtellothersaboutthedangersofsmoking.助讀詞匯teensn.十幾歲addictedadj.上癮的nicotinen.尼古丁goupto上升至Uprimaryschool小學(xué)WorldHealthOrganization世界衛(wèi)生組織三、佳作欣賞下面是一篇摘自全國(guó)英語(yǔ)高考書面表達(dá)的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，其中也包含有動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，用心體會(huì)其用法。Deareditor,Fromthequestionnaireswehavereceived,wecanfindthefactthatlessfamiliesaresatisfiedwiththerelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparents.Only30%parentsaresatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,fortheirchildrenareconsideratetoothers,diligentandeasytocommunicatewith,andaboveall,theyarehonestandrespecttheirparents.Thedemocraticatmosphereofthefamilyandthetimeparentsspentcommunicatingwiththemcontributetothis.However,about70%parentsareunsatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,sayingthattheirchildrenareselfishanddifficulttocommunicatewith.What'sworse,theysometimestellliesanddon'tformagoodhabitinlifeandstudy.Thereasonsareasfollows:theyaretoobusytocommunicatewiththeirchildrenandinstructthemindoingeverythingandthesocietyhasa