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初三英語動(dòng)詞不定式【本講主要內(nèi)容】動(dòng)詞不定式【知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納】-.構(gòu)成:to+動(dòng)詞原形二.特征:.不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,同時(shí)也保留動(dòng)詞的特征,它有自己的賓語和狀語,來構(gòu)成不定式短語。eg.wanttogotherebybike..動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。(1)動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式:“to+動(dòng)詞原形”eg.Iamgladtomeetyouagain.Iwanttogototheconcert.(2)動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式:“tohave+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。eg.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingfora10ngtime.二.用法:.作主語(如果不定式短語過長,可以把此短語放在句尾,主語的位置可以用it來替換,叫做形式主語)eg.\Togosurfingisexciting.IItisexcitingtogosurfing.Tosetupthenewbuildingwilltakethemayearandahalf.Itwilltakethemayearandahalftosetupthenewbuilding.Tolearnallthesubjectswellisimportant.Itisimportanttolearnallthesubjectswell.▲在it作形式主語的句子中,某些形容詞之后,不定式之前常帶有forsb,這類形容詞有:easy,difficult,hard,interesting,necessary等。而在某些形容詞之后,不定式之前常帶有ofsb,這類形容詞有:nice,good,kind,clever,foolish,careful,polite等。eg.Itishardformetocleanupthewholeroominanhour.Itisnecessaryforustogooverthelessonseveryday.Itiskindofyoutosayso.Itispoliteofhertosayhellotous..作賓語eg.Shewantstoinviteustoherbirthdayparty.Noonewouldliketotalkswithhim.Hetriedtosavemoneyeverymonth.▲在某些復(fù)合賓語中可用it代表不定式,叫做形式賓語,將真正的賓語放在句尾。eg.Hefounditdifficulttolistentotheteachercarefully.Wethoughtitnecessarytoaskforheradvice.▲在某些動(dòng)詞的后面,既可以用不定式作賓語,又可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但在意義上有所不同。eg.(1)stopdoing表示“停止做(正在做的事情)”stoptodo表示“停下來,去做 ”比較:Let’sstoplisteningtothemusic,shallW讓我們停止聽音樂,好嗎?Let’sstoptolistentothemusic,shallwe?讓我們停下來,聽聽音樂好嗎?(2)remember/forgetdoing記得/忘記(已做過的)事情remember/forgettodo記得/忘記(要去做的)事情比較:Iremembertakinghimtothefarthestisland.我記得帶他去過那個(gè)最遠(yuǎn)的島。Pleaseremembertokeepintouchwithme.請記住與我保持聯(lián)系。Iforgotlendinghimmydictionary.我忘記了我借過他我的字典。Don’tforgettocallmeontime.請不要忘記準(zhǔn)時(shí)給我打電話。.作賓語補(bǔ)足語eg.Heaskedmetotreathiscatcarefully.Ourteacherstoldusnottoplayfootballonthestreet.Wouldyoulikemetogofishingwithyou?▲在make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語,不定式都不帶to。eg.Didyounoticehimgodownstairs?Isawabirdflyoverthetreejustnow.Thebossmakestheworkersworkfortwelvehourseveryday..作定語eg.Ihavealettertowritetoday.Wehavegotalotofbookstoread.Wemustfindapersontodothework.▲若不定式與之所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,而不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,那么它后面應(yīng)加上必要的介詞。eg.Wehaveenoughroomstolivein.Zhangnanisagirltogetalongwellwith..作狀語(不定式作狀語,可以修飾動(dòng)詞表示目的,結(jié)果或原因)eg.Heworkshardtoearnmoremoney.Heistooangrytosayaword.Wearesurprisedtofindhimhere..作表語(主要說明主語的內(nèi)容)eg.Hisnobbyistoreadbooks.Ourdutyistokeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy..不定式與疑問詞連用eg.Ican'tdecidewhichonetochoose.Tellmewhentosetoff.Noonetoldmewheretohavethemeeting.【題型展示】[例1]I'msorry,Ireallydon'tknowtheclock.A.tomendB.howshouldImendC.whattomendD.howtomend答案:D[例2]“MrZhu,you'dbettertoomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight."saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat答案:C[例3]Heistoooldthebox.A.tocarryB.carryingC.carryD.carries答案:A[例4]Heoftenaskshissonhisclothes.A.towashB.washC.washingD.washed答案:A[例5]—Couldyougivemeahand,please?—Sure.Whatwouldyoulikeme?A.doB.todoC.doingD.does答案:B[例6]MothermakesmemyhomeworkeverydaybeforeIcanplayvideogames.A.finishB.finishedC.finishingD.tofinish答案:A[例7]Thedoctoroftentellshimmoreexercise.A.totakeB.takingC.takenD.take答案:A[例8]Whenclassbegan,westoppedtotheteachercarefully.A.listeningB.listenC.listensD.tolisten答案:D[例9]Shehasnopaper.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingonD.towriteon答案:D[例10]Hefoundithardhisclass.A.tocatchupB.catchupwith C.catchupD.tocatchupwith答案:D【實(shí)戰(zhàn)模擬】一.用不定式或-ing的適當(dāng)形式填空It'sverykindofyou(do)itforme.Ifyouwant(go)withus,youshouldhurryup.Isawhim(enter)thehousethismorning.Isawhim(swim)inthelakewhenIwalkedpast.Heaskedme(leave)atsixthirty.Istilldon'tknowwhere(go).Iwant(have)someone(help)mewithmymaths.Beforeyouleave,don'tforget(turn)offthelight.You'dbetter(stay)athomeand(do)yourhomework.Istopped(write)(look)formyknife.Itisimpossible(finish)itinoneday.It'stime(get)up.I’mveryglad(make)somanyfriends.Thepassageisnotveryeasy(understand).I’msorrythatIhavenothing(send)you.I’lltry(not,do)itagain.Weweresurprised(see)himthere.Thebesttime(plant)treesisinspring.Satellitesareusedfor(learn)moreabouttheearth.Hefinished(wash)ateightintheevening.Youhaveworkedfor4hours.You'dbetter(stop)(have)arest.Heoftentellsusfunnystoriesandmakesus(laugh).Motheralwaystellsme(not,read)inbed.Theheadmasterwasasked(speak)atthemeeting.(smoke)toomuchisbadforyouhealth.Iwanttoseeafilminsteadof(watch)TV.Theoldmanfounditdifficult(fall)asleep.Therunnerfelldown,buthe quicklygotup andwenton(run).Ittookthewritertwoyears(finish) thebook.Ispentanhouranahalf(do)myhomework.Youruncleisbusy(mend)thisoldbike.Whenheenteredtheroom,theyallstopped(talk).I’msorryIhavekeptyou(wait)forsolong.Letme(think)itoverbeforeIansweryou.Ioftenhearher(cough)atnight.Somethingiswrongwiththeradio.Itneeds(fix).Ihavenothing(do).Pleasegetmesomething(read).Theystopped(listen),buttherewasnomoresound.Afterhereadthetext,hewenton(explain)it.Bobseems(know)wheresheis..單項(xiàng)選擇Ihopewiththem.A.youtogoB.togoC.goingD.ofgoingTellthemmakeanynoise.A.notB.don'tC.nottoD.tonotHereisaroom.A.forlivingB.toliveC.liveinD.toliveinThankyouverymuchittome.A.forlendingB.tolendC.oflendingD.tolendingTheteacheraskedmethetext.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.forreadingTheydecidedfootball.A.playB.playingC.ofplayingD.toplayKeephard,andyouwillcatchupwithus.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.workedTheclockneeds.A.tomendB.tobemendC.mendingD.beingmendedIt'stimeforsuppernow.Let′sit.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.stoppingtohave10.Ihavealotofthingsthisweekend.A.doB.didC.doingD.todoYou'dbetterinthisriver.It'stoodangerous.A.nottoswimB.notswimC.toswimD.swimLilylikestheclothesoflightcolour.A.toputonB.puttingonC.todressD.towearIt'stoolate.Whyabus?A.nottotakeB.nottakingC.nottakeD.don'ttakeWhenI'mtired,Ienjoymusic.A.listeningB.listeningtoC.tohearD.hearingLindafeltsorry.ButHissmilemadeherbetter.A.tofeelB.feelC.feltD.feelingIheardMotherwithFatherinthenextroomat9:00.A.istalkingB.talkingC.totalkD.talkTheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfromtheearthaway.A.blowB.toblowC.blowingD.blowsDidtheteachertellyouthisafternoon?A.togowhereB.todowhatC.howtodoD.whentoleaveWestilldon'tknowwhom.A.shouldtalkwithB.totalkwithC.totalkD.talkingwithWuDongisgoodatEnglish.A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spokenLeiFengwasalwaysreadyothers.A.helpingB.helpedC.tohelpD.helpHaveyoudecidedforyourholiday.A.gowhereB.wheretogoC.togowhereD.wheretogotoWouldyoupleasemeachair?A.give,tositonB.give,tositC.giving,tositD.togive,tositonThoughhehadoftenmadehissister,todayhewasmade byhissister.A.tocry,tocryB.cry,cryC.cry,tocryD.tocry,cry—Whyareyougoingshoppingifyoudon't?—Mywifewantswithher.A.wantto,IgoB.want,megoingC.wantto,metogoD.want,togoWhatafineday!Howaboutoutforawalk?A.goB.togoC.goingD.togoingWouldyoumindthewindow.A.tocloseB.closingC.closeD.closeHeranintotheroomthegirl.A.savingB.tosaveC.savedD.saveDoyouhearherthissong?Sometimes.A.singB.sangC.singingD.tosingTheykeptthefirethemselveswarm.A.burning,keepingB.toburn,tokeepC.burning,tokeepD.toburnkeepingIthinkitimportantEnglishwell.A.learningB.learnC.learnedD.tolearnRememberlateforclassagain.A.nottobeB.don'tbeC.notbeD.nottoHefoundinterestingwithhim.A.this,totalkB.it,totalkC.that,talkingD.ittalkingIhavenopen.A.writingwithB.towriteonC.towritewithD.towriteBobdoesn'tknowtowriteabout.A.howB.whatC.thatD.whoseI’lltrythesamemistakeagain.A.tonotmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.notmakeisonething,isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todoB.Say,doC.Tosay,do D.Say,todoItistooharditbymyselfwithoutyourhelp.A.nottodoB.todoC.fordoingD.doingIt'snoteasyyoutohelpme,butit'snieyoutodoso.A.of,forB.of,ofC.for,forD.for,of40.I’dlikeyournewbikeandIwouldlikeyoumynewcar.A.tosee,todriveB.tosee,drivingC.seeing,todriveD.seeing,drivingIhaveneverheardhimso.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.saidDoyouoftenseeherforhimatthebusstop?A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.waitsTheteachermadethestudentsthetexttwiceaday.A.wouldreadB.readingC.toreadD.readShewasseenpaperplanesintheroom.A.madeB.tomakeC.makeD.m
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