數(shù)學(xué)中英文詞匯對(duì)照表

集合非負(fù)整數(shù)集thesetallnon-negativeintegers自然數(shù)集thesetofnatural整數(shù)集thesetofpositiveintegers有理數(shù)集thesetofrational實(shí)數(shù)集thesetofreal元素element屬于belongto不屬于notbelongto有限集set無限集set空集emptyset包含inclusion,include包含于liein子集subset真子集subset補(bǔ)集（余集complementaryset全集universe交集intersection偶數(shù)集thesetofevennumbers奇數(shù)集thesetofoddnumbers含絕對(duì)值的不等式inequalitywithabsolutevalue一元二次不等式one-variablequadraticinequality邏輯logic邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞logicalconnective或or且and非真假false真值表table原命題proposition逆命題converseproposition否命題negativeproposition逆否命題converse-negativeproposition充分條件condition必要條件necessarycondition……的充要條件是………andonlyif…函數(shù)function自變量argument定義域domain值域區(qū)間interval閉區(qū)間closedinterval1/開區(qū)間openinterval函數(shù)的圖像offunction映射mapping象image原象inverseimage單調(diào)monotone增函數(shù)increasingfunction減函數(shù)decreasingfunction單調(diào)區(qū)間monotoneinterval反函數(shù)inversefunction指數(shù)exponentN次根nthroot根式根指數(shù)exponent被開方數(shù)radicand指數(shù)函數(shù)exponentialfunction對(duì)數(shù)logarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)commonlogarithm自然對(duì)數(shù)logarithm對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)logarithmicfunction數(shù)列of項(xiàng)term通項(xiàng)公式theformulaofgeneralterm有窮數(shù)列finitesequenceof無窮數(shù)列sequence遞推公式recurrenceformula等差數(shù)列arithmeticprogression公差arithmeticseries等差中項(xiàng)commondifference等比中項(xiàng)arithmetic等比數(shù)列g(shù)eometricprogression,geometricseries公比commonratio等比中項(xiàng)geometric三角函數(shù)trigonometricfunction始邊initialside終邊terminal正角positiveangle負(fù)角negativeangle零角zeroangel象限角angle弧度radian弧度制measure角度制degreemeasure正弦sine2/余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant誘導(dǎo)公式inductionformula正弦曲線sinecurve余弦曲線curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimalpositiveperiod周期函數(shù)periodicfunction振幅amplitudeofvibration頻率frequency相位初相initialphase反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent有向線段directedlinesegment向量vector零向量zerovector單位向量unitvector平行向量vectors相等向量equalvectors共線向量collinearvectors實(shí)數(shù)與向量的積multiplicationofvectorbyscalar基底數(shù)量積translation正弦定理product余弦定理sinetheorem算術(shù)平均數(shù)arithmeticmean幾何平均數(shù)ofcompare比較法methodofcompare綜合法methodofsynthesis分析法methodofanalysis傾斜角gradient斜率pointslopeform點(diǎn)斜式gradientinterceptform截距generalform斜截式includedangle兩點(diǎn)式two-pointform一般式generalform3/夾角includedangle線性規(guī)劃linear約束條件constraintcondition目標(biāo)函數(shù)objectivefunction可行域feasibleregion最優(yōu)解optimalsolution曲線坐標(biāo)法methodofcoordinate解析幾何analytic笛卡兒Descartes標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程standardequation一般方程generalequation參數(shù)方程parameterequation參數(shù)圓錐曲線conic橢圓焦點(diǎn)focus,focalpoints焦距focallength長(zhǎng)軸axis短軸axis離心率eccentricity雙曲線hyperbola實(shí)軸realaxis虛軸imaginaryaxis漸近線asymptote拋物線parabola準(zhǔn)線directrix直線line平面plane幾何體geometricsolid平面圖形figure立體圖形slidfigure相交直線intersectinglines平行直線lines異面直線lines垂線perpendicular垂足footofaoblique垂線段perpendicularlinesegment公垂線commonperpendicular公垂線段commonperpendicularsegment垂面perpendicularplane射影projection斜線obliqueline斜足footobliqueline4/斜線段obliqueline半平面semi-plane二面角dihedralangle平面角angle直二面角rightdihedralangle棱柱prism底面base頂點(diǎn)vertex面棱edge側(cè)面lateralface側(cè)棱lateraledge斜棱柱obliqueprism直棱柱rightprism正棱柱prism平行六面體parallelepiped長(zhǎng)方體rectangularprism正方體棱錐pyramid正棱錐pyramid多面體polyhedron凸多面體convexpolyhedron正多面體regularpolyhedron簡(jiǎn)單多面體simplepolyhedron球solidsphere,spheroid球心ofasolidsphere球面sphere分類計(jì)數(shù)原理classifiedenumerationprinciple分步計(jì)數(shù)原理principle排列arrangement,permutation排列數(shù)numberofarrangements全排列totalarrangement階乘factorial組合combination組合數(shù)numberofcombination二項(xiàng)式定理binomial二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)binomialcoefficient二項(xiàng)式展開式binomialexpansion必然事件certainevent不可能事件impossibleevent隨機(jī)事件event試驗(yàn)頻率frequency等可能事件equiprobabilityevent5/基本事件elementaryevent概率probability互斥事件exclusive對(duì)立事件complementaryevents相互獨(dú)立事件mutuallyindependentevents獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn)independentrepeatedtrials概率probability統(tǒng)計(jì)statistics隨機(jī)變量variable離散型隨機(jī)變量randomvariable概率分布probabilitydistribution分布列distributionseries數(shù)學(xué)期望mathematicalexpectation方差variance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差standarddeviation抽樣方法samplingmethod簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣simplesampling系統(tǒng)抽樣systematicsampling總體分布populationsampling估計(jì)estimation正態(tài)分布normaldistribution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布standardnormaldistribution線性回歸linearregression相關(guān)correlation回歸分析regressionanalysis散點(diǎn)圖scatter回歸直線regressionstraight線性回歸分析linerregressionanalysis相關(guān)系數(shù)correlationcoefficient假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)hypothesistesting歸納法induction數(shù)學(xué)歸納法mathematicalinduction完全歸納法induction不完全歸納法incompleteinduction極限limit無窮大無窮等比數(shù)列infinitegeometricsequence左極限leftlimit右極限r(nóng)ightlimit連續(xù)（的）continuous連續(xù)函數(shù)continuousfunction導(dǎo)數(shù)derivative可導(dǎo)的differentiable變化率rateofchange6/導(dǎo)函數(shù)derivedfunction復(fù)合函數(shù)compositefunction極大值maximumvalue極小值minimumvalue極值extremevalue虛數(shù)單位imaginaryunit復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)集setofcomplexnumbers虛數(shù)imaginary純虛數(shù)purelyimaginarynumber復(fù)數(shù)的代數(shù)形式formofnumber實(shí)部realpart虛部imaginarypart復(fù)平面complexplane實(shí)軸realaxis虛軸imaginaryaxis模輻角復(fù)數(shù)的三角形式trigonometricformofnumber棣莫弗公式DeMoivreFormula分式fraction通分changingfractionstoadenominator約分reductionofafraction分式方程fractionalequation反比例函數(shù)inverseproportionalfunction雙曲線hyperbola定理平行四邊形parallelogram矩形rectangle菱形rhombus正方形梯形trape