中考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 說明文五（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………一、閱讀理解（共5題）1、March21isWorldSleepDay.Herearesomefactsaboutsleep.SleepatadvisedtimesIn2021,theMinistryofEducation（MOE）advisedthatjuniorandseniorhighschoolstudentsshouldgotobedbefore10pmand11pmrespectively（分別的）.HowdoastronautssleepJustlikeonEarth,apersoninspacegoestobedatnightandthenwakesupthenextday.Butinspacethereisnoupordown,andyoudonotfeelthepullofgravity（重力）.Asaresult,astronautsusuallysleepinfixedsleepingbags.EarwormshappenwhilesleepingSomepeopleenjoylisteningtomusicalot.Whilewe’reawake,themusicweknowwellkeepsringinginourears,whichiscalledearworms（耳蟲現(xiàn)象）.Thiscanhappenduringsleepaswell,whichcouldcauseproblemsingettingtosleepandstayingasleep.SleepwithyourpetPets,likedogsandcats,donotsleepcontinuouslyandtheywilloftengetupandwalkonthebed,whichcanmakeyousleepevenworse.Butrecentstudiesfoundthathavingpetsinthebedmayhelppeoplewhoareoftenworried.Thepets,likesofttoys,canhelpcutdowntheirworry.SockscanhelpussleepStudieshaveshownthatwearingsockstobedcanhelpyoufallasleepfaster!Handsandfeethelpexchange（交換）heatbetweenthefarendsofthebodyandtheheart.Wearingsocksmeansanincreaseofbloodtoyourhandsandfeet,whichcutsdownyourcore（核心的）bodytemperature.Thelowerthecorebodytemperatureis,thefasteryoufallasleep.41．AccordingtoMOE,juniorhighschoolstudentsshould_________.A．gotobedbefore10pmB．gotobedbefore11pmC．sleepatleast10hoursadayD．sleepatleast11hoursaday42．Whydoastronautssleepinfixedsleepingbags?A．Becausethereisnobedinthespacestation.B．Becausethereisnopullofgravityinspace.C．Becausesleepingbagsarecomfortable.D．Becausethespaceshipistoosmall.43．Accordingtothepassage,earwormscan________.A．bebadforsleepqualityB．improvemusicabilityC．helppeoplefallasleepquicklyD．a(chǎn)ppearonlyduringtheday44．Howdoeswearingsockshelpussleep?A．Bymakingfeetwarmerthanhands.B．Byincreasingbloodtohandsandfeet.C．Bymakingcorebodytemperaturehigher.D．Byexchangingheatbetweenhandsandfeet.45．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsleepistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．WorldSleepDayfallsinthefifthmontheachyear.B．Thesleepingbagisthebestchoiceforsleep.C．Sleepingwithpetshelpsworriedpeople.D．Musiccanhelppeoplesleeplonger.2、HaveyoueverimaginedyoursimpleT-shirtcouldactasanairconditioner(空調(diào))onthosehotsummerdays?Thankstoadiscovery,thatpossibilityisgettingcloserandtheT-shirtmaysoonbefoundamongyourfavoriteclothingbrands.Twoinventorstookacompletelynewmethod.Theydesignedaspecialtextile(紡織品)thatcantakeinbodyheatandthensendouttheenergy.Thisnewtextilecoolsboththeobjectsandthingsaroundthemthroughatechnology.ThismeansthataT-shirtmadeofthistextilelookslikeanormalT-shirt,butactuallyitisadevice(設(shè)備)thatworkslikeamirror.Althoughthetechnologyisnotnewandhasbeenusedforyearstodesignplasticfilmsandspecialpaints,itsuseinthetextileindustryforthegoodofwearersisveryspecialandexciting.Thatisbecause,inthepast,themethodsweusedtodealwithheatthroughclotheswereonlythesuggestionsonwearinglightcolorsandchoosingbreathabletextiles.Butevenwhenthesesuggestionscanactuallyhelpyoufeelcool,theyaresimplynotenoughinthehottestseason.Thenewtextile,however,canreflectallkindsoflight,andthiscancontributetothecoolingprocess.Sothisdiscoveryisarealadvance.Rightnow,researchersstillneedtotestthenewmethodtoknowhoweffectively(有效)thenewtextileworkswhilethewearersarestandingorwalking,andnotdirectlyfacingthesky.TheyalsoneedtotesthowwellitworkswhenT-shirtsarenotclosetotheskin.Butit’sstillagreatsuccess.Thetwoinventorsarenowlookingoutforclothingbrandsthatareinterestedinusingtheirtextile.Oneinventorsaid,“Thenewmaterialwillincreaseclothingproducingcostsbyjust10percent.Wecanmakeitwithlargeproduction.EverybodycanaffordaT-shirtmadeofthistextileandthecostisbasicallythesameasanormalT-shirt’s.Itcandogoodtoeverybody.”27．Whatcanthenewtextiledo?A．Makewearersfeelcool.B．Makewearersfashionable.C．Getwearers’healthinformation.D．Testwearers’bodytemperatures.28．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“contributeto”meaninChinese?A．減緩B．促進C．接收D．擾亂29．Whatarethetwoinventorsdoingnow?A．Makingmoneybysellingthetextile.B．Tryingtousethetextileinotherfields.C．Tryingtofindoutmoresecretsofthetextile.D．Lookingforclothingbrandstousethetextile.30．What’sthebesttitle(標題)forthetext?A．APopularBrandB．TwoGreatInventorsC．ASpecialTextileD．LuckyWearers3、Canyouimagineacloudfloatinginthemiddleofyourroom?Doyouwanttoknowwhatitfeelsliketoflylikeabird?Here,wehavepickedoutfourinterestinginventionstosharewithyou.TalkingGlovesFourforeignstudentshavecreatedapairofgloves,andithelpspeopletocommunicatewithpeoplewhohavehearingandspeakingproblems.Theglovesareequippedwithsensors(傳感器).Theyrecognizesignlanguageandtranslateitintotextonasmartphone.Thenthesmartphonechangesthetexttospokenwords.Thusyoucanunderstandsignlanguageeasily.GoogleGlassesGoogleGlassesarelikeacomputerbuiltintoapairofglasses.ThentheglassesallowyoutosurftheInternetandmakecallswithoutevenliftingafinger.TheglassesalsohaveacameraandGPSmappingsystem.Userscantakeandsharephotos,checkmapsandsurftheInternetjustbylookingup,down,leftandright.IndoorCloudsThat’sarealworld.Anartist,Smildemanagedtocreateasmallbutperfectwhitecloudinthemiddleofaroomusingafogmachine.Butitrequiredcarefulplanning—thetemperature,humidity(濕度)andlightingallhadtobejustright.Thecloudonlylastedforashortwhile,though.WingsuitsThesuitrealizesyourdreamofflyinglikeabird.Well,notexactlyflying,butgliding(滑翔)throughtheair.Itincreasesthesurfaceareaofthehumanbody,whichmakesiteasierforpeopletofloatintheair.Flierswearingwingsuitscanglideonekilometerinabout30seconds.41．Whatdo“TalkingGloves”helppeopletounderstand?A．Spokenwords.B．Signlanguage.C．Writtenwords.D．Thetextonthesmartphone.42．Howcanusersof“GoogleGlasses”surftheInternet?A．Byspeakingtotheglasses.B．Bytappingthekeyboard.C．Byliftingafinger.D．Bymovingtheeyeballs.43．Howdidtheartistcreateawhitecloudintheroom?A．Withafogmachine.B．Withrighttemperature.C．Withafogmachineandcarefulplanning.D．Withafogmachineandrightlighting.44．Whichofthefollowingcanhelpyoufly?A．TalkingGloves.B．Wingsuits.C．GoogleGlasses.D．IndoorClouds.45．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．FourInterestingInventionsB．FourFamousInventionsC．TheAdvantagesofFourInventionsD．FourDreamsoftheFuture4、Withelectricitypricescontinuingtoincrease,asmartmeter(表)showsyouhowmuchelectricityyou’reusinginpoundsandgetmoreexactbills.Whatisasmartmeterandhowdoesitwork?Asmartmeterisanewerkindofelectricitymeter.AllelectricityprovidersaresettingthemasapartofanupgradetotheUK’selectricitymarket.Besides,wesetupsmartPayAsYouGometers.Smartmeterscomewithanin-homeIHD．Hereyoucanseethereadings—howmuchelectricityyou’reusingandwhatitcosts.Smartmetersalsoprovideautomatic(自動的)meterreadings.Youjustneedtogetonesuchmeteranditwillautomaticallysendyourusetotheprovider.What’smore,we’llusethesmartmetertogiveyouapersonalexplanationofyourelectricityuse.We’llalsoshowyousomeadvicetohelpyousavemoneyandcutdownyourcarbonfootprint(碳排放量).Isitworthgettingasmartmeter?Therearethreemainadvantagestohaveasmartmeter:1.CompletecontrolSeehowmuchyou’reusinginrealtime.Thiscanhelpyoumakesmallchangestocutdownyourelectricityuse,aswellasyourbill.2.Trouble-savingYoursmartmeterwillsendreadingsautomatically.Thiswayyou’llgetmoreexactbillswithoutleavingthesofa.3.Low-carbonlifeUnderstandingwhereyourelectricitygoeswillencourageyoutothinkaboutyourcarbonfootprintandhowtoliveagreenerlife.32．Whatcanthesmartmeterdo?A．Providemoreelectricity.B．Showtheexactuseofelectricity.C．Increasethepriceofelectricity.D．Connectdifferentelectricityproviders.33．WhatisprobablyanIHD?A．Ascreentoshowthereadings.B．Aninstrumenttopayforthebills.C．Acomputertocontrolthesmartmeter.D．Anobjecttocutdowncarbonfootprint.34．Whatdoweknowaboutthesmartmeter?A．Itisprovidedforfree.B．Ithasn’tbeenputintouseyet.C．Itmaybewidelyused.D．Itcan’tsendreadingsinrealtime.35．Whoisthistextwrittenfor?A．Smartmeterproducers.B．Electricityproviders.C．Smartmetersellers.D．Electricityusers.5、Doyouhavedifficultyfallingasleepatnight?Ifso,hereisapieceofadviceforyou:Listentosomesoftmusic.Scientistshavefoundthatsoftmusiccanhelptoimprovesleepqualityandquantity（量）.Thisworksforsleepersofallages,andevenforthosewithsleepingproblems.Softmusiccanhelpusfallasleepbetter,wakeuplessduringthenightandfeelmorerelaxedinthemorning.Youmaynotnoticetheeffects（功效）overnight,though.Itcouldtakeasmanyas3weekstoseeanyimprovements.Whycansoftmusichelpussleepbetter?Thereasonsaren’tclearyet.Itmayconnectwiththerelaxingeffectofagoodsong.Musiccanhaverealphysicaleffects,too.Softmusiccanlowerourheartrate（心率）andslowdownourbreathing.Thispreparesusforsleep.Scientistssaythatformostpeople,musicthathas70beats（節(jié)拍）perminute（bpm）worksbest.Classical,jazzandfolkmusicareusuallymoreeffectivethanothermusicalstyles.Familiarsongsworkwell,too.Youmayneedtotesttomakeyourownplaylists.Ifyouarenotsurehowmanybeatsasonghasinaminute,youcanfindoutbyenteringitstitleinto.Andremembertogetvolume（音量）right.Makesurethatthefinalpieceisgraduallyslowingdown.Oryoumaybewokenupbythesuddensilence.It’sveryimportanttogetenoughhigh-qualitysleep.Beforeyougotobedtonight,playsomesoftmusic.Then,justpreparetoberockedofftodreamland.27．Itisfoundthatsoftmusiccan________sleep.A．helppeopleofallagesB．onlyhelppeopleundertheageof15C．onlyhelppeoplewithsleepingproblemsD．onlyhelppeoplewhoareexperiencinglotsofstress28．Accordingtothearticle,itmaytakeaslongas________beforeyounoticetheeffectsofsoftmusic.A．3hoursB．3nightsC．3weeksD．3months29．Howcanweworkouthowmanybeatsasonghasinaminute?A．Bycomparingitwitha70-bpmsong.B．Byenteringthesong’stitleinto.C．Byfindingoutwhetheritcanhelpusfallasleep.D．Bycountingourheartrateswhilelisteningtothesong.30．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Peoplewithsleepingproblems.B．Theroleofmusicinourdailylives.C．Howsoftmusiccanimproveoursleep.D．Theimportanceofgettingenoughsleep.============參考答案============一、閱讀理解1、A

42．B

43．A

44．B

45．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了關(guān)于睡眠的一些事實。41．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“juniorandseniorhighschoolstudentsshouldgotobedbefore10pm”可知初中生晚上10點前要睡覺。故選A。42．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“youdonotfeelthepullofgravity（重力）.Asaresult,astronautsusuallysleepinfixedsleepingbags”可知太空中沒有重力，所以宇航員睡在睡袋里。故選B。43．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thiscanhappenduringsleepaswell,whichcouldcauseproblemsingettingtosleepandstayingasleep”可知耳蟲現(xiàn)象會造成睡覺問題，所以對睡眠質(zhì)量有不好的影響。故選A。44．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wearingsocksmeansanincreaseofbloodtoyourhandsandfeet”可知穿襪子意味著手腳血液增加，這會降低你的核心體溫。故選B。45．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butrecentstudiesfoundthathavingpetsinthebedmayhelppeoplewhoareoftenworried”可知和寵物睡覺可能會幫助那些經(jīng)常擔心的人。故選C。2、27．A

28．B

29．D

30．C【導(dǎo)語】本文講述一種新的紡織品，講述新紡織品可以讓人在夏天感覺涼爽。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“yoursimpleT-shirtcouldactasanairconditioneronthosehotsummerdays?Thankstoadiscovery,thatpossibilityisgettingcloserandtheT-shirtmaysoonbefoundamongyourfavoriteclothingbrands”及第二段“cantakeinbodyheatandthensendouttheenergy”可知，新的紡織品可以吸收身體的熱量然后釋放。可推斷新紡織品可以讓穿衣服的人感覺涼爽。故選A。28．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Thenewtextile,however,canreflectallkindsoflight”及“thisdiscoveryisarealadvance”可知，這項新的防線是一項進步，講述的是這種新的紡織品的好的方面，可推斷短語“contributeto”表達“促進，有利于”。故選B。29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thetwoinventorsarenowlookingoutforclothingbrandsthatareinterestedinusingtheirtextile”可知，發(fā)明者現(xiàn)在正在尋找對使用這種新的紡織品感興趣的衣服品牌商。故選D。30．最佳標題題。文章主要講述的是一種新的紡織品，標題可概括為“ASpecialTextile”。故選C。3、41．B

42．D

43．C

44．B

45．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四個有趣的發(fā)明。41．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thusyoucanunderstandsignlanguageeasily.”可知，“TalkingGloves”幫助人們?nèi)ダ斫馐终Z。故選B。42．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Userscan...surftheInternetjustbylookingup,down,leftandright.”可知，用戶只需向上、向下、向左、向右看就可以上網(wǎng)，即通過移動眼球的方式上網(wǎng)。故選D。43．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Anartist,Smildemanagedtocreateasmallbutperfectwhitecloudinthemiddleofaroomusinga