大學醫(yī)學英語

Chapter3HospiceCareChapter3

HospiceCare1.Vocabulary2.Lead-in3.Textanalysis4.Discussion1.Vocabulary常見的醫(yī)學英語詞綴（1）

…痛…h(huán)eadache,stomachache….thepainof;ache,-algia;-agraneuralgia神經痛;neur/o:nerve;gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:gaster,stomacharthralgia關節(jié)痛;arthr/o:jointabdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:abdomen

（2）.與檢查有關的詞綴

鏡檢：-scopy鏡檢法;scope鏡

gastroscopy

胃鏡法；量具：-meter:instrumentformeasuring

cardiometer心力計；

thermometer溫度計心電圖：electrocardiogram=ECG;eletrocardiograph心電圖儀腦電圖:electroencephalogram=EEGB超:typeBultrasonicCT：computerizedtomography計算機x射線斷層

尿檢urineanalysis血常規(guī)bloodroutine（3）其他方面的詞綴

怕，畏懼–phobia:fear

photophobiaphot/o:light畏光困難dys-：bad,difficultydysfunction功能障礙;dyspepsia消化不良dyspnea呼吸困難-pnea：breathing

不良mal-：badmalnutrition營養(yǎng)不良；malpractice事故

malfunction機能障礙

malignant惡性的maladministration管理不善好，正，eu-：goodeugenic優(yōu)生的adj.eugenics優(yōu)生學;gen/o:producingeuthanasia安樂死;-thanasia:death瘤，腫塊–oma:tumor;cancer;swellinglymphoma淋巴瘤；hematoma血腫血癥–emia：bloodconditionleukemia白血?。籹eptisemia敗血癥高：hyper-：high，above;

hyperdynamia:肌力過度;hypertension高血壓（highbloodpressure）低：hypo-;low;below

hypotoniahypotonic張力/壓力過低（的）dynam/o:power,force;dynamicadj.dynamicshypotension;lowbloodpressure,hyposensitive療法：-therapyradiotherapy放療;radiotherapist(放療專家)chemotherapy化療

physiotherapy理療

psychotherapy心理療法

therapist治療師無，沒有a-an-:withoutatypical非典型性的

asexual無性的

asymptomatic無癥狀的

anemia貧血

anorexia厭食癥orex/o:appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感覺缺失:esthesi/o:feeling,perceptionPresentation1.Doyouthinkadecentlifeforpeopleinthelastphasesofanincurablediseaseisbetterthantryingtoprolongapainfulexistence?2.Euthanasiaislegalinsomecountriesandillegalinsomeothercountries.Expressyourviewsofeuthanasia.2.Lead-inQuestionsforDiscussion:(1)Whatdoyouknowabouthospicecare?Thehospicemovement

beenevolvingsincethe11thcentury.Then,andforcenturiesthereafter,hospiceswereplacesofhospitalityforthesick,wounded,ordying,aswellasthosefortravelersandpilgrims.Themodernconceptofhospiceincludespalliativecarefortheincurablyillgiveninsuchinstitutionsashospitalsornursinghomes,butalsocareprovidedtothosewhowouldratherdieintheirownhomes.Itbegantoemergeinthe17thcentury,butmanyofthefoundationalprinciplesbywhichmodernhospiceservicesoperatewerepioneeredinthe1950sbyDameCicelySaunders.Althoughthemovementhasmetwithsomeresistance,hospicehasrapidlyexpandedthroughtheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandelsewhere.Hospiceisatypeofcareandaphilosophyofcarewhichfocusesonthepalliationofaterminallyillpatient'ssymptoms.Thesesymptomscanbephysical,emotional,spiritualorsocialinnature.TheconceptofhospicehasAssistedsuicideor“deathwithdignity”arepreferred.Theseareusedtodrawadistinctionfromsuicide;insomelegaljurisdictions,"suicide"(whetherassistedornot)remainsillegal,however"aidindying"ispermitted.Thetermeuthanasiareferstoanactthatendsalifeinapainlessmanner,performedbysomeoneotherthanthepatient.Thismayincludewithholdingcommontreatmentsresultingindeath,removalofthepatientfromlifesupport,ortheuseoflethalsubstancesorforcestoendthepatient’slife.Assistedsuicideistheprocessbywhichanindividual,whomayotherwisebeincapable,isprovidedwiththemeans(drugsorequipment)tocommitsuicide.Insomecases,theterms“aidindying”Life-supportingmechanisms

aremanytherapiesandtechniquesthatmaybeusedbyclinicianstoachievethegoalofsustaininglife.Someexamplesinclude:feedingtubesmechanicalventilation(機械換氣)heart/lungbypassurinarycatheterization(尿道導管插入術)dialysis(透析)Cardiopulmonaryresuscitation（心肺復蘇）Artificialpacemaker（人工起搏器）

Lifesupport,inmedicineisabroadtermthatappliestoanytherapyusedtosustainapatientslifewhiletheyarecriticallyillorinjured.ThereThesetechniquesareappliedmostcommonlyintheEmergencyDepartment,IntensiveCareUnitand,OperatingRooms.Asvariouslifesupporttechnologieshaveimprovedandevolvedtheyareusedincreasinglyoutsideofthehospitalenvironment.2.Lead-inQuestionsforDiscussion:(2)Doyouthinkadecentdeathcorrect?Why?MOSTthingsmayneverhappen:thisonewill.

3.TextanalysisReadthroughTextAandfinishtheexerciseonP26.QuestionsquestingdetailsfortextA:1.Wheredidhospicemovementbegin?2.HowdidhospicemovementdevelopinAmericaandEurope?3.Whatarechallengesfacedbyhospicemovement?3.TextanalysisWhatisaGoodDeath?PrinciplesofaGoodDeath,accordingtotheDebateoftheAgeHealthandCareStudyGroup,included:Toknowwhendeathiscoming,andtounderstandwhatcanbeexpected.Tobeabletoretaincontrolofwhathappens.Tobeaffordeddignityandprivacy.Tohavecontroloverpainreliefandothersymptomcontrol.Tohavechoiceandcontroloverwheredeathoccurs(athomeorelsewhere).WhatisaGoodDeath?WhatisaGoodDeath?Tohaveaccesstoinformationandexpertiseofwhateverkindisnecessary.Tohaveaccesstoanyspiritualoremotionalsupportrequired.Tohaveaccesstohospicecareinanylocation,notonlyinhospital.Tohavecontroloverwhoispresentandwhosharestheend.Tobeabletoissueadvancedirectiveswhichensurewishesarerespected.Tohavetimetosaygoodbye,andcontroloverotheraspectsoftiming.Tobeabletoleavewhenitistimetogo,andnottohavelifeprolongedpointlessly.3.TextanalysisReadthroughTextBandfinishtheexerciseonP29.QuestionsquestingdetailsfortextB:1.Whatistheproblemfacedbytheauthor’smother?2.Howdidtheauthor’smotherspendthelastdaysofherlife?3.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthermother’sdeath?4.DiscussionRole-playSituation:Supposeyourgrandmais91yearsoldandsheisnowinastateofincurabledisease.Youareamedicalstudentandsuggeststhehospicecare.Yourmother/fatherisagainsthospicecare.RoleA:Grandson/GranddaughterRoleB:Father/MotherAssignment1Hospicecarewaswidelyacceptedindeveloped