Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar-動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語和賓語

Unit2WorkingthelandSectionⅢGrammar—?jiǎng)釉~-ing形式作主語和賓語

第1步第2步第3步[生活中的語法][觀察后的發(fā)現(xiàn)]①Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.②Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.③DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.④However,hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingfamous.⑤Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.⑥Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.⑦Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.⑧DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.⑨Mary'sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherangry.⑩Itisnousearguingwithhimaboutsuchamatter.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)]1．以上動(dòng)名詞短語(加黑部分)在句中作主語的是

；

作動(dòng)詞賓語的是

；作介詞(短語)賓語的是

。2．⑨句中為

作主語。3．⑩句中it作

。①⑥⑦⑨⑩⑤②③④⑧動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)形式主語一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Swimmingismyfavouritesport.

游泳是我最喜歡的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。動(dòng)名詞/不定式作主語動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞作主語表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作Lyingiswrong.撒謊不對(duì)。不定式不定式作主語表示具體的或一次性動(dòng)作Tolietoheriswrong.對(duì)她撒謊不對(duì)。①玩火危險(xiǎn)。

isdangerous.②小心點(diǎn)！玩火會(huì)帶來危險(xiǎn)。Becareful！

willbedangerous.完成句子PlayingwithfireToplaywithfire2．形式主語it代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語。此類句式常見的有：Itisawasteoftimetryingtopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.想說服他戒煙完全是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Itisworthwhilereadingsuchawonderfulnovel.讀這樣一本精彩的小說很值得。①再等他也是沒有用的。②爭(zhēng)論此事是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。翻譯句子It'snousewaitingforhimanylonger.It'sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.3．當(dāng)句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允許、禁止某種行為的發(fā)生或存在”時(shí)，需用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語。Thereisnodenyingthattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.不能否認(rèn)環(huán)境狀況正在逐步惡化。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語1．作動(dòng)詞的賓語。常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：避免錯(cuò)過少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise,finish,practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?打開窗子你介意嗎？①Ioftenpractise

(listen)and(speak)．②Theboywasluckytoescape(punish)．用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空listeningspeakingbeingpunished2．作動(dòng)詞短語的賓語常見的跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞短語有：insiston,objectto，begoodat，befondof,leadto，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike，devoteto，getusedto，payattentionto，beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅(jiān)持要按照自己的方法做。完成句子①我從未夢(mèng)想過要參觀那個(gè)地方。Ihavenever

.②對(duì)他來說戒煙很困難。Itishardforhim

.dreamedofvisitingthatplacetogiveupsmoking3．在有些動(dòng)詞的后面，如：start,begin,continue等既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他們繼續(xù)工作，似乎什么也沒發(fā)生過。4．在love,hate,prefer,like等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語指

經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，用不定式作賓語指具體的動(dòng)作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨時(shí)他寧愿待在家里。(用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我寧愿留在家里。(用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，指今天下午留在家里這一具體的動(dòng)作。)Helikes

buthedoesn'tlike

thisafternoon.(swim)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空toswimswimmingPleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請(qǐng)記著代我向你的家人問好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。翻譯句子①我遺憾地告訴你我不能來了。②很遺憾我錯(cuò)過了他的講座。IregrettotellyouthatIcannotcome.Ireallyregretmissinghislecture.6．下列動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這輛自行車需要修一下。一句多譯這個(gè)問題值得討論。→→Thequestiondeserveddiscussing.Thequestiondeservedtobediscussed.三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語時(shí)

not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語和動(dòng)詞-ing形式之間。NotwantingtocontinuemyserviceinthefactorywasthereasonwhyIgaveup.不想繼續(xù)在這家工廠工作是我放棄的主要原因。單句改錯(cuò)①Excusemefornotmycomingontime.

②I'msorryforhavingnotkeptmypromise.

把not放于my后把havingnot改成nothaving四、動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)詞-ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋

doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞-ing加了一個(gè)邏輯主語。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing②名詞's＋動(dòng)詞-ing③代詞賓格＋動(dòng)詞-ing④名詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing[點(diǎn)津](1)動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語或賓語。作主語時(shí)，不能用③④兩種形式。(2)無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom'swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.湯姆去年得了一等獎(jiǎng)使我印象深刻。Doyoumindmy/me/Jack's/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎？用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子①他父親病了，使他很擔(dān)心。

madehimworried.②你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。

doesn'tnecessarilymeanmywrong.③你能想象他在家做飯的樣子嗎？Canyouimagine

athome?④我反對(duì)湯姆離開。Iobjectedto

.Hisfather'sbeingillYourbeingrighthim/hiscookingTom's/Tomleaving五、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)在時(shí)態(tài)上，動(dòng)詞-ing形式有一般式(doing)和完成式(havingdone)兩種形式。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不明確，或與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，常用其完成式。Ienjoyplayingfootball.(playing表示的時(shí)間概念不明確)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空①

(finish)thetaskaheadoftimegavehimachancetojoinus.②He'sbeenusedto

(go)tobedlate.Havingfinishedgoing六、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的語態(tài)在語態(tài)上，動(dòng)詞-ing形式有主動(dòng)式(doing,havingdone)和被動(dòng)式(beingdone，havingbeendone)。主動(dòng)式表示主動(dòng)意義，被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Heinsistedonsendinghertohospital.他堅(jiān)持要把她送到醫(yī)院去。Heinsistedonbeingsenttoworkimmediately.他堅(jiān)持要立即被派去工作。用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的正確語態(tài)填空①Iobjectto

(scold)forthetrivialmatterlikethis.②Shewasupsetfor

(notinvite)．beingscoldednothavingbeeninvited[課堂高考小試]1．(2013·福建高考)________basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A．Known

B．HavingknownC．Knowing D．Beingknown解析：選?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：了解基本的急救技巧能夠幫助你快速應(yīng)對(duì)緊急情況。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中充當(dāng)主語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。havingknown強(qiáng)調(diào)“完成”，不符合句意，可排除。故選C。C2．(2012·北京高考)Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand________them.A．corrects

B．correctC．tocorrect D．correcting解析：選?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：人通過犯錯(cuò)誤并改正錯(cuò)誤來學(xué)習(xí)語言。題線處與句中的making并列，故D項(xiàng)正確。D3．(2012·福建高考)ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom________intheSouth