山西省大同市同煤第二中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試卷含解析

山西省大同市同煤第二中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.—I'msorry,butIdidn’tmean__________outyoursecret.—Butyouknow,lettingoutone'ssecretmeans________one’sfeelings.A.tolet;tohurt

B.letting;hurting

C.tolet;hurting

D.letting;tohurt參考答案：C略2.

wethoroughlyapplythescientificoutlookondevelopment，ourcountrywillbecomeevenstrongerandmoreprosperous.A.Aslongas

B.Assoonas

C.Eventhough

D.Nowthat參考答案：A3._____sufficienthistoricalandlegalgrounds，China'spositionontheSouthChinaSeahasbeenconsistentandclear．（）A．Associatedwith B．BasedonC．Centeredaround D．Assessedby參考答案：Bassociatedwith"與…有聯(lián)系"；basedon"以…為根據(jù)"；centeredaround"以…為中心；圍繞…"；assessedby"被評(píng)估"．本題是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表示原因，Basedonsufficienthistoricalandlegalgrounds，意思是"因?yàn)橐猿渥愕臍v史和法律為根據(jù)"，因此根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子所要表達(dá)的意思可知答案選B，其它選項(xiàng)意思與語(yǔ)境不符．4.

It’snot____________thatwewanttotalkaboutatthemoment;let’schangethesubject.A.anything

B.something

C.nothing

D.everything參考答案：B5.—Look!Maryiscrazilylookingforsomethingagain!—_____,shecan’tfindherkeys.A.Typically B.Occasionally C.Accordingly D.Particularly參考答案：A【詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：——看!瑪麗又在瘋狂地找東西了!——一向如此，她找不到鑰匙了。A.Typically典型；B.Occasionally偶爾；C.Accordingly因此；D.Particularly特別是。這里typically相當(dāng)于inawaythatapersonorgroupisgenerallybelievedtobehave“一向如此”，故選A。6.—Anythingelseplease?—Ihaveamessageneedingtobeconfirmed,thatwillprobablychangemylife.A.that B.one C.ones D.it參考答案：B考查代詞?！?qǐng)問(wèn),還有問(wèn)題嗎?——我有個(gè)信息需要確認(rèn),一個(gè)可能會(huì)改變我的生活的信息。所填的代詞作前面message的同位語(yǔ),而且此處表示泛指,所以用one。7.---Ifourparentswouldlistenmoretous,theywouldunderstandusbetter.---_____.Theyjustexpectustolisten.A.Ibelievenot

B.Noproblem

C.Goodidea

D.Ican’tagreemore參考答案：D8.Holidayis______timeforleisure.Butmakinggooduseof______timeisnotaneasytaskformostpeople.

A.the;the

B.a;the

C.the;a

D.不填;不填參考答案：B9.

Althoughthecausesofcancer_____,wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.

A.arebeinguncovered

B.havebeenuncoveringC.areuncovering

D.haveuncovered參考答案：A因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡Z(yǔ)thecausesofcancer與謂語(yǔ)uncover是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此我們使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，只有A符合這一條件。10.—Helosthisjoblastweek,butheseemshappy．—Ithinkhe_____toputonabraveface．A．istrying

B．tries

C．tried

D．hastried參考答案：A11.

--NextMondayismybirthday.

--Isthatso?____

--Thankyou.A.Idon’tbelieveso.B.I’msoglad.C.Whatpresentdoyouneed?D.Manyhappyreturnsoftheday!參考答案：D12.Eliwhitey’sideaof“standardization”meantproducingthousandsofexactlythesameparts－ofcars,forexample,—whatwould

placewhereotherpartswerebroken.A.associatewith

B.appealto

C.fitinto

D.seizeon參考答案：C35._______mademanycontestantsangryis________wascalledthefairplayturnedouttobeunfairatall.

A.What;thatwhat

B.What;what

C.It;that

D.It;whatthat參考答案：a略14.---Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.I’mgladwetookanumbrella.---Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe__________.A.hadn’t

B.haven't

C.didn't

D.don't參考答案：A略15.—Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforanouting?

—Yes.Youcouldn’thopefor______atthistimeofthemonth.A.anicerday

B.thenicerday

C.thenicestday

D.aniceday參考答案：A略16.Everyoneknowsthat_______isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but_______isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.A.it,it B.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it參考答案：C17.語(yǔ)音知識(shí)（共5小題，每小題1分，滿分5分）以A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音完全相同的選項(xiàng)。1．radium

A．a(chǎn)nalyze

B．a(chǎn)stronomer

C．blame

D．certainty2．defeat

A．great

B．bread

C．steal

D．deadly3．link

A．handle

B．within

C．bank

D．instruct4．challenge

A．machine

B．stomach

C．a(chǎn)chievement

D．technology5．generation

A．bother

B．nervous

C．observe

D．prefer參考答案：略18.---Thelastone______paysthemeal.

---Agreed!

A.arrived

B.arrives

C.toarrive

D.arriving參考答案：C

解析：中心詞是thelast,theonly,thenext或受到thelast,theonly,thenext修飾時(shí),要用不定式作定語(yǔ)。二、填空19.GenesThatMakeYouSmarterThecontributionsgenesmaketointelligenceincreaseaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainsttheideamostpeopleholdthatasweage,environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacy(遺產(chǎn))wearebornwithandmayhave____31____foreducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluencegoesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobertPlomin.“Whatwefoundwasquite____32____andgoesintheotherdirection.”P(pán)reviousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceare____33____duetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steamgathereddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutin4countries,____34____atotalof11000pairsoftwins.Theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,arithmeticsetc.tomeasureaquantitycalled“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwin(異卵雙生)sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibleto____35____thecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.Plomin’steamcalculatedinchildhood,genesaccountforabout4lpercentofthevariationinintelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent;byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Noone____36____knowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrengetolder,theybecomebetterathandlingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,andsays“kidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttodeveloptheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriendswhoarelike-minded,Childrenwith____37____tolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesandactivities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.”Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritability(遺傳可能性)doesn’tmeanthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit,”saysSusanneJaeggi,“fromourownwork,theonesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhigher____38____training.”P(pán)lominsuggestsgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeing____39____tochildren’snaturalabilities.“Mytendencywouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearchersPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedto____40____adstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.參考答案：31.K

32.H

33.G

34.A

35.B

36.I

37.E

38.F

39.D

40.J本文屬于科普文，介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，年齡越大，基因?qū)ξ覀兊挠绊懢驮酱?，這是與之前的觀點(diǎn)相違背的。【31題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這跟大多數(shù)的觀點(diǎn)相違背，他們認(rèn)為年齡增長(zhǎng)，環(huán)境的影響會(huì)逐漸超過(guò)我們基因的影響，這可能對(duì)教育有啟發(fā)意義。分析文章可知，本句講述新的發(fā)現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)以及對(duì)教育的意義，故選K?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓人非常驚訝，朝著另一個(gè)方向前進(jìn)的。根據(jù)文章可知，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)與人們固有的認(rèn)知是相違背的，故選H?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：之前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，智力的不同部分原因是由于基因。修飾dueto用副詞，故用partly，故選G?！?4題詳解】考查介詞。句意：Plomin的團(tuán)隊(duì)收集了來(lái)自四個(gè)國(guó)家六份單獨(dú)的研究數(shù)據(jù)，其中包括1100對(duì)雙胞胎。分析句子可知，本句講述結(jié)論的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：每份研究包括同卵雙生雙胞胎，具有相同的基因，以及異卵雙生的雙胞胎，他們只有一半的基因相同，這樣讓區(qū)分基因和環(huán)境對(duì)G分?jǐn)?shù)的影響成為可能。本句主要描述包含真正的雙胞胎以及異卵雙生的雙胞胎的目的在區(qū)分不同因素對(duì)G的影響，故選B?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：沒(méi)人確切知道為什么基因會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而影響加大。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，故用definitely，故選I?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：G分?jǐn)?shù)中等或者低的孩子可能選擇挑戰(zhàn)性更小的消遣和活動(dòng)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)基因的作用。本句描述G中等和分?jǐn)?shù)低的孩子的表現(xiàn),故選E?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：從我們的研究來(lái)說(shuō)，開(kāi)始IQ分?jǐn)?shù)不高的人接受了更高的成果訓(xùn)練。修飾training用名詞作定語(yǔ)，故選F?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：基因的影響可能會(huì)更加明確，如果孩子們接受的都是同樣的課程，而不是根據(jù)他們的天性安排課程。根據(jù)本句identicalcurriculuminsteadof可知，很多孩子接受的專門(mén)定制的教育，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這顯示了教育者需要把廣告投入到可以發(fā)揮他們天賦的東西上面。本句描述要調(diào)整自己的內(nèi)容和重點(diǎn)，故選J。

20.sofar

inexchangefor

starvetodeath

getawayfromputup

putdown

concentrateon

makeit,losecontactwith

getover,

getdownto

beboundto1.Itwasn'tsurprisingtomethathewaspleasedtotakeseveraldaysoff,becausehereallyneededto

thetiringanddemandingjobforashortwhile.2.

,morethantwentystudentshavehadaninterviewforworkingasajournalistattheschoolradiostation.3.Manycompanies

the“nosmoking”signsattheentranceoftheirofficebuildingsoverthepastfewyears.4.WearefortunatetoliveinmodernChinawhichprovidesitspeoplewithrichfoods,forthereweremanycitizenswhowere

inthepast.5.Arecentlyconductedsurveysuggeststhatonlysixpercentofthepetownerswouldgiveuptheirbelovedpets

onemilliondollars.6.Afterseveralattempts,theChinesemountaineeringteamfinally___________toMountQomolangmafromthenorthfaceforthefirsttimein1960.

7.Fortunately,wefinally_____________alldifficultiesandcompletedtheprojectontime.8.Theplane_______________thecontroltowershortlyafterittookoffbutfortunatelyitsuccessfullylandedlater.9.Whenyou_________________onetask,youcangetitdonefasterandbetter.10.Youaresowellpreparedthatyou________________passthejobinterview.參考答案：1.getawayfrom

2.Sofar

3.haveputup

4.werestarved/starvingtodeath

5.inexchangefor

6.madeit

7.gotover

8.lostcontactwith

9.concentrateon

10.are/willbeboundto三、閱讀理解21.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A,B,C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ThePealeswereafamousfamilyofAmericanartists.CharlesWillsonPealeisbestrememberedforhisportraitsofleadingfiguresoftheAmericanRevolution.HepaintedportraitsofFranklinandJeffersonandoveradozenofGeorgeWashington.Hislife-sizeportraitofhissonsRaphaelleandTitianwassorealisticthatGeorgeWashingtonreportedlyoncetippedhishattothefiguresinthepicture.

CharlesWillsonPealegaveuppaintinginhismiddleageanddevotedhislifetothePealemuseum,whichhefoundedinPhiladelphia.Theworld’sfirstpopularmuseumofartandnaturalsciencemainlycoveredpaintingsbyPealeandhisfamilyaswellasdisplaysofanimalsintheirnaturalsettings.Pealefoundtheanimalshimselfandfoundamethodtomaketheexhibitsmorelifelike.Themuseum’smostpopulardisplaywastheskeleton(骷髏)ofahuge,extinctelephant,whichPealeunearthedonaNewYorkfarmin1801.

ThreeofPeale’sseventeenchildrenwerealsofamousartists.RaphaellePealeoftenpaintedstilllivesofflowers,fruit,andcheese.HisbrotherRembrandtstudiedunderhisfatherandpaintedportraitsofmanynotedpeople,includingoneofGeorgeWashington.Anotherbrother,RubensPeale,paintedmostlylandscapesandportraits.

JamesPeale,thebrotherofCharlesWillsonPeale,specializedinminiatures(小畫(huà)像).HisdaughterSarahMiriamPealewasprobablythefirstprofessionalfemaleportraitpainterinAmerica.56.TheauthormentionsinParagraph1thatWashingtontippedhishattothefiguresinthepaintingtoshowthat________.A.CharlesWillsonPeale’spaintingwasverylifelikeB.WashingtonrespectedCharlesWillsonPeale’sworkC.WashingtonwasfriendlywithRaphaelleandTitianPealeD.thepaintingofthetwobrotherswasverylarge57.Theunderlinedword“unearthed”isclosestinmeaningto“______”.A.showed

B.dugup

C.invented

D.lookedover58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthechildofCharlesWillsonPeale?A.TitianPeale.

B.RubensPeale.

C.RaphaellePeale.

D.SarahMiriamPeale.59.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthePealesisingeneral_______.A.puzzled

B.excited

C.admiring

D.disappointed參考答案：ABDC22.Itiseasyforustotellourfriendsfromourenemies.Butcanotheranimalsdothesame?Elephantscan!Theycanusetheirsenseofvisionandsmelltotellthedifferencebetweenpeoplewhoposeathreatandthosewhodonot.InKenya,researchershavefoundthatelephantsreactdifferentlytoclothingwornbymenoftheMaasaiandKambaethnicgroups.YoungMaasaimenspearanimalsandthusposeathreattoelephants;Kambamenaremainlyfarmersandarenotadangertoelephants.Inanexperimentconductedbyanimalscientists,elephantswerefirstpresentedwithcleanclothingorclothingthathadbeenwornforfivedaysbyeitheraMaasaioraKambaman.WhentheelephantsdetectedthesmellofclothingwornbyaMaasaiman,theymovedawayfromthesmellfasterandtooklongertorelaxthanwhentheydetectedthesmellsofeitherclothingwornbyKambamenorclothingthathadnotbeenwornatall.Garmentcolor1alsoplaysarole,thoughinadifferentway.Inthesamestudy,whentheelephantssawredclothingnotwornbefore,theyreactedangrily,asredistypicallywornbyMaasaimen.Ratherthanrunningawayastheydidwiththesmell,theelephantsactedaggressivelytowardtheredclothing.Theresearchersbelievethattheelephants’emotionalreactionsareduetotheirdifferentinterpretations