華為路由器基礎(chǔ)及配置

5、路由器基礎(chǔ)及配置目標(biāo)掌握路由器基本原理能夠利用一些常用命令配置路由器能夠升級(jí)路由器課程內(nèi)容

路由器基礎(chǔ)路由器配置命令行簡介升級(jí)路由器路由器的概念及基本構(gòu)成路由器——一種重要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連的計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備作為路由器，必須具備：兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的接口協(xié)議至少向上實(shí)現(xiàn)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層具有存儲(chǔ)、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、尋徑功能路由器的作用路由器的核心作用是實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連分組數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)路由(尋徑)：路由表建立、刷新、查找子網(wǎng)間的速率適配隔離網(wǎng)絡(luò)，防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)風(fēng)暴，指定訪問規(guī)則(防火墻)異種網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連路由器工作流程IPETHPPP以太口串口IPETHPPP以太口串口協(xié)議封裝路由選擇協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換路由器路由器WAN傳送拆包LAN1LAN2接收發(fā)送工作過程路由表路由表內(nèi)容示例下一跳地址掩碼目的地址QuidwayR1602同異步串口同異步串口以太網(wǎng)口備份口配置口電源插座電源開關(guān)課程內(nèi)容

路由器基礎(chǔ)路由器配置命令行簡介升級(jí)路由器配置路由器通過console口配置通過撥號(hào)遠(yuǎn)程配置通過telnet方式配置通過啞終端方式配置通過FTP方式傳送配置文件通過console口配置建立本地配置環(huán)境配置口(Console)配置口(console)電纜R232串口

步驟一：連接配置電纜將路由器隨機(jī)所帶的配置電纜取出RJ45頭一端接在路由器的console口上9針(或25針)RS232接口一端接在計(jì)算機(jī)的串行口上步驟二：創(chuàng)建超級(jí)終端(1)以WINDOWS98所帶的“超級(jí)終端”為例點(diǎn)擊“開始”→“程序”→“附件”→“超級(jí)終端”進(jìn)入“超級(jí)終端”目錄后，選擇“Hypertrm”，即可新建一“超級(jí)終端”

步驟二：創(chuàng)建超級(jí)終端(2)通過撥號(hào)線路遠(yuǎn)程配置路由器將路由器和微機(jī)分別與modem連接備份電纜modemmodemPSTN/ISDN通過Telnet配置本地路由器[Quidway]logintelnet[Quidway]local-userhuaweiservice-typeexec-operatorpasswordsimplequidway服務(wù)器配置路由器的一臺(tái)微機(jī)工作站工作站10Base-T網(wǎng)口通過啞終端配置[Quidway-Serial0]physical-modeasync同/異步串口口通過FTP配置在路由器上啟動(dòng)FTP服務(wù)器在終端上啟動(dòng)FTP客戶程序FTPserverFTPclientEthernet課程內(nèi)容

路由器基礎(chǔ)路由器配置命令行簡介升級(jí)路由器命令行概述普通用戶模式特權(quán)用戶模式全局配置模式接口配置模式路由協(xié)議配置模式進(jìn)入路由器配置界面PressENTERkeytogetstartwhenyouseeATS0=1.Systemnowisstarting...ATS0=1[Quidway]console普通用戶模式命令列表<Quidway>?enableTurnonprivilegedcommandsexitExitfromEXEChelpDescriptionoftheinteractivehelpsystemlanguageSwitchlanguagemode(English,Chinese)pingSendechomessagesshowShowrunningsysteminformationtelnetConnectremotecomputertracertTraceroutetodestination系統(tǒng)視圖命令列表configureEnterconfigurationmodeDebugDebuggingfunctionsDeleteErasetheconfigurationfileinflashornvramRebootReboottherouterDisplayShowrunningsysteminformationSaveWriterunningconfigurationtoflashornvramUndoDisablesomeparameterswitchs…[Quidway]?接口視圖命令列表BandwidthbandwidthinformationparameterBaudrateSettransmiteandreceivebaudrateLink-protocolSetencapsulationtypeforaninterfaceIpInterfaceInternetProtocolconfigurecommandShutdownShutdowntheselectedinterfacePhysical-modeConfiguresyncorasyncphysicallayeronserialinterfaceUndoNegateaCommandorSetitsdefaultDialerDial-On-Demandrouting(DDR)commandQuitExitfromconfiginterfacemodeLoopbackConfigureinternalloopbackonaninterfaceMtuMaximumtransmissionunit……[Quidway]interfaceserial0[Quidway-Serial0]?在線幫助[Quidway]?aaa-enableEnableAAA(Authentication,AuthorizationandAccounting)aclSpecifystructureofaccess-listconfigureinformationarpAddaARPentrybgpEnable/disableBGPprotocolbridgeBridgeSet……命令行錯(cuò)誤信息[Quidway]displayIncorrectcommand[Quidway]displayIncompletecommand[Quidway]displayinterfaceserial00Toomanyparameters歷史命令[Quidway]displayhistory-commandints0exit<ctrl><e>或↑上一條歷史紀(jì)錄

<ctrl><r>或↓下一條歷史紀(jì)錄

編輯特性普通按鍵輸入字符到當(dāng)前光標(biāo)位置退格鍵BackSpace

刪除光標(biāo)位置的前一個(gè)字符刪除鍵Delete

刪除光標(biāo)位置字符左光標(biāo)鍵←光標(biāo)相左移動(dòng)一個(gè)字符位置右光標(biāo)鍵→光標(biāo)相右移動(dòng)一個(gè)字符位置上下光標(biāo)鍵↑↓顯示歷史命令顯示特性Language中英文顯示方式切換暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入'Ctrl+c'停止顯示和命令執(zhí)行暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入空格鍵繼續(xù)顯示下一屏信息暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入回車鍵繼續(xù)顯示下一行信息課程內(nèi)容

路由器基礎(chǔ)路由器配置命令行簡介升級(jí)路由器口令忘了！怎么辦？進(jìn)入特權(quán)模式的口令忘了？口令忘了！沒法配置路由器了

重起路由器按下Ctrl+b

輸入Bootrom密碼選擇清除密碼，重起路由器修改密碼升級(jí)路由器通過console口升級(jí)通過FTP升級(jí)通過TFTP升級(jí)更多的功能更簡便的配置通過Console口升級(jí)路由器[Quidway]rebootWARNING:SystemwillREBOOT!Continue?[Y/N]y………..CTR+BBootMenu:1:DownloadapplicationprogramwithXMODEM2:DownloadapplicationprogramwithTFTP3:Clearapplicationpassword4:Clearconfiguration5:Exitandreboot

Enteryourchoice(1-5):1console通過Console口升級(jí)路由器(續(xù))通過FTP升級(jí)路由器FTPserverFTPclientEthernet啟動(dòng)FTP服務(wù)器功能[Quidway]ftp-serverenable增加用戶名并設(shè)置密碼[Quidway]local-userXXXservice-typeftppassword{simple|cipher}123通過TFTP升級(jí)路由器FTPserverFTPclientEthernet選擇指定的以太口在配置電腦上運(yùn)行TFTP服務(wù)器程序指定應(yīng)用程序所在的路徑運(yùn)行超級(jí)終端通過TFTP升級(jí)路由器

重起路由器并按下“N”鍵修改參數(shù)(IP地址,文件名等等)

按“C”(continue)

路由器重起后按Ctr+BBootMenu:1:DownloadapplicationprogramwithXMODEM2:DownloadapplicationprogramwithTFTP3:Clearapplicationpassword4:Clearconfiguration5:ExitandrebootEnteryourchoice(1-5):2基本操作命令系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)和系統(tǒng)信息查看命令：display調(diào)試命令：debug、monitor測(cè)試工具：ping、tracert常用display命令displayversiondisplaycurrent-configurationdisplayinterfacedisplayversion[Quidway]displayversionCopyrightNotice:Allrightsreserved(Apr102003).Withouttheowner'spriorwrittenconsent,nodecompilingorreverse-engineeringshallbeallowed.HuaweiVersatileRoutingPlatformSoftwareVRP(R)software,Version1.74Release0006Copyright(c)1997-2003HUAWEITECHCO.,LTD.QuidwayR2630Euptimeis0days0hours3minutes10secondsSystemreturnedtoROMbyreboot.QuidwayR2630Ewith1MPC8240ProcessorRouterserialnumberis00E0FC067AF8523E64MbytesSDRAM8192KbytesFlashMemory128KbytesNVRAMConfigRegisterpointstoNVRAMHardwareVersionisMTR1.1CPLDVersionisCPLD3.0BootromVersionis4.33[AUX]AUXHardwareVersionis1.0,DriverVersionis1.0[LAN]1FEHardwareVersionis2.0,DriverVersionis2.0[Slot1]RTB22SAHardwareVersionis1.1,DriverVersionis1.2

displaycurrent-configuration[Quidway]displaycurrent-configurationCurrentconfigurationhostnamehuawei-bj!interfaceEthernet0ipaddress!interfaceSerial0encapsulationpppipaddress52exitiproutepreference60!enddisplayinterface:顯示接口信息[Quidway]displayinterfaceserial0Serial0isup,lineprotocolisupphysicallayerissynchronous,baudrateis64000bpsinterfaceisDCE,clockisDCECLK,cabletypeisRS232Internetaddressis52EncapsulationisPPPLCPopened,IPCPopened,IPXCPinitial5minutesinputrate52.63bytes/sec,0.96packets/sec5minutesoutputrate60.00bytes/sec,1.19packets/secInputqueueis0/75/0(current/max/drops)Queueingstrategy:FIFOOutputQueue:(size/max/drops)0/75/0539packetsinput,24907bytes,0nobuffers670packetsoutput,29586bytes,0nobuffersDCD=UPDTR=UPDSR=UPRTS=UPCTS=UP調(diào)試命令：debug,info-center[Quidway]info-centerenable[Quidway]info-centerconsoledebugging