汽車專業(yè)英語(yǔ)(3-7)

UnitThree

3.1DriveLineContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesHowmanymainunitsdoesthedrivelineassemblyconsistof?Whatarethey？Thedrivelineassemblyconsistsofsixmainunits.Theyareclutch,transmission,driveshaft,finaldrive,differentialandthedrivingwheels.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsHowdoesthedrivelinework?Thedrivelinecarriespowerfromtheenginecrankshafttothedrivingwheels,sothewheelsrotateandtheautomobilemoves.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-1DriveLine1-clutch;2-transmission;3-universaljoint;4-finaldrive;5-differential;6-driveshaftThetypicaldrivelinecomprisesclutch,transmission,driveshaft,finaldrive,differentialandthedrivingwheels.譯文：典型傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)一般包括離合器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸、主減速器、差速器和驅(qū)動(dòng)輪等六部分。II.TextExplanationWhenyoulifttheclutchpedal,springsforcethepressureplateandclutchplateagainsttheflywheel.譯文：當(dāng)抬起踏板時(shí)，壓縮彈簧將壓盤和從動(dòng)盤推向飛輪。II.TextExplanationAmanualtransmissionrequiresaclutchtoapplyandremovetheenginetorquetothetransmissioninputshaft.譯文：手動(dòng)變速器需要用離合器來(lái)把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩施加給變速器輸入軸或從變速器輸入軸撤消。

II.TextExplanationWhenthecarisonstraightroad,theringgear,differentialcase,differentialpiniongears,andtwodifferentialsidegearsallturnasaunitwithoutanyrelativemotion.譯文：汽車在直線行駛時(shí)，齒圈、差速器殼、差速器行星齒輪和兩個(gè)差速器半軸齒輪作為一個(gè)整體運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，而無(wú)任何相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。II.TextExplanationThedriveshaftsareusuallyhollowinordertoweighless,butofalargediametersothattheyarestrong.譯文：傳動(dòng)軸通常是空心的以減輕重量，但直徑比較大使它有足夠的強(qiáng)度

。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesmanualtransmissionreverseidlergearsgearratiosdriveshaftclutchplatedifferentialuniversaljointcoilspringpressureplatesynchronizer手動(dòng)變速器倒檔齒輪齒輪齒數(shù)比傳動(dòng)軸離合器片差速器萬(wàn)向節(jié)螺旋彈簧壓盤同步器I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.III.ExercisesII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofthedrivelineaccordingtothepicture.1engine;2transmission;3driveshaft;4drivingwheel;5clutch;6universaljoint;7finaldriveIII.ExercisesIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.

The(differential)systemispartoftherear-axle-housing(assembly),whichincludesthedifferential,(rearaxles),wheeland(bearings).Iftheautomobileweretobedrivenina(straight)linewithouthavingtomaketurns,thennodifferentialwouldbenecessary.However,whentheautomobileroundsaturn,the(outer)wheelmusttravelfartherthanthe(inner)wheel.Thedifferential(permits)thetworearwheelstorotate(different)amountswhentheautomobilegoesaroundaturn,whilestill(delivering

)powertobothrearwheels.III.ExercisesIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Althoughtherearemanytypesofclutch,thedrysingleplatetypeoftractionclutchisusedalmostexclusivelyinpassengercars.2.Thepressureondrivendiskfittedontothesplinedportionofshaftisprovidedbyspringsinstalledbetweenthehousingandpressuredrivingdisks.3.TheuniversaljointorU-jointsisusedtoconnectthediveshafttothetransmissionoutputshaftandthedifferentialpiniongearshaft.1.雖然離合器的種類很多，但客車上采用最多的還是單片干式離合器。2.從動(dòng)盤安裝在傳動(dòng)軸的花鍵槽內(nèi)，從動(dòng)盤上的壓力來(lái)自彈簧的彈力，這些彈簧安裝在離合器殼和主動(dòng)盤之間。3.萬(wàn)向節(jié)將動(dòng)力輸入軸、動(dòng)力輸出軸和差速器齒輪軸連接在一起。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.如果快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)突然與靜止車輛的傳動(dòng)系相連接，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的沖擊。2.離合器是一種用以連接和分離發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器的裝置。3.裝有自動(dòng)變速器的汽車一般不需要離合器。1.Itwillhaveastrongimpactwhenthespinningengineconnectsthestationarytransmission.2.Theclutchisadevicewhichisdesignedtoconnectanddisconnecttheengineandthetransmission.3.Thereisnotclutchwhentheautomobileequipautomatictransmission.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.2ClutchContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesWhatwillyoudowhenyoumovethecar？Whatwillyoudowhenyouchangegears?StartthecarReleaseparkingbrakeandtheclutchpedalandpushdowngasFirstgearNeutralpositionDepresstheclutchpedalsecondgearReleasetheclutchpedalclutchDepresstheclutchpedalFirstgearWhereistheclutchintheautomobile?Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

A-engineB-clutchC-clutchpedalD-manualtransmissionPre-questionsWhatisthefunctionoftheclutch?Connectordisconnectthepowerfromtheenginetothedriveline.Pre-questionsHowmanymainpartsdoestheclutchconsistof?drivingmembersdrivenmemberscontrolmechanismspressingmechanismsPre-questionsInacar,youneedaclutchbecausetheenginespinsallthetime,butthecar'swheelsdonot.spin[spin]vt.&vi.

使…旋轉(zhuǎn)譯文：汽車上需要一個(gè)離合器，因?yàn)榘l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一直在旋轉(zhuǎn)，而車輪卻不是（一直旋轉(zhuǎn)）。II.TextExplanationInordertostopwithoutkillingtheengine,thewheelsneedtobedisconnectedfromtheenginesomehow.somehow以某種方式，不知怎么譯文：為了使停車時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不熄火，車輪需要以某種方式與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)斷開連接。這句話中killingtheengine表示使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火II.TextExplanationSomehow我們必須設(shè)法在明天早上以前把工作做完。Wemustgettheworkfinishedsomehowbytomorrowmorning.不知怎么地我們迷了路。Somehowwelostourway.Theclutch（showninFig.3-2）allowsustosmoothlyengageaspinningenginetoanon-spinningtransmissionbycontrollingtheslippagebetweenthem.slippage[’slipid?]n.

滑動(dòng)譯文：離合器（圖3-2所示）允許我們將旋轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和不轉(zhuǎn)的變速器平穩(wěn)地連接起來(lái)，這種連接通過(guò)控制它們之間的相對(duì)滑動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。II.TextExplanationFig.3-2Clutch1-pressureplate;2-drivendisk;3-flywheel;4-clutchcoverMostcarsequippedwithamanualtransmissionuseasingleclutchdisc,adiaphragmtypespring，apressureplateandclutchcoverassembly,aclutchreleasebearing,andaclutchreleasefork.singleclutchdisc單片離合器盤diaphragmtypespring膜片式彈簧pressureplate壓盤clutchcover離合器蓋releasebearing分離軸承releasefork分離叉II.TextExplanationdrivendiskPressureplateandcovercoverpressureplateflywheelreleaseleversandreleaseyokereleaseleversreleaseyokeTheclutchhasaclutchdiscasitsmajorpart,andtheclutchdiscconsistsofacircularmetalplateattachedtoareinforcedsplinedhub.circular[’s?:kjul?]adj.

圓形的,環(huán)形的;循環(huán)的reinforce[’ri:?n,f?:s]vt.

增強(qiáng);加強(qiáng)splinedhub花鍵轂譯文：離合器有一個(gè)離合器盤作為主要部件，離合器盤包括一個(gè)圓形的金屬盤，它與強(qiáng)化的花鍵轂連接在一起。attachedtoareinforcedsplinedhub是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)修飾metalplateII.TextExplanationThesplinedhubisfreetoslidelengthwisealongthesplinesofthetransmissioninputshaft.

lengthwise[’le?θwaiz]adv.

縱長(zhǎng)地,縱向地譯文：（離合器的）花鍵轂可以沿著變速器輸入軸的花鍵自由滑動(dòng)。II.TextExplanationInitsoperatingpositionintheengine/transmissionlinkup,theclutchdiscissandwichedbetweentheengineflywheelandclutchpressureplate.sandwich[’s?nwid?]n.

三明治

vt.

1

把…夾在…之間

2

擠在…中間

譯文：在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器接合狀態(tài)下，離合器盤被夾在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪和離合器壓盤之間。II.TextExplanationsandwich

把一片火腿夾在兩片面包之間就做成了火腿三明治。Tomakeahamsandwichyouputasliceofhambetweentwoslicesofbread.在公共汽車上,他被擠在兩個(gè)胖女人中間。Hewassandwichedbetweentwoveryfatwomenonthebus.Theclutchforkandlinkageprovidethemeansofconvertingtheup-and-downmovementoftheclutchpedaltotheback-and-forthmovementoftheclutchreleasebearingassembly.means[mi:nz]n.

方法,手段

譯文：離合器分離叉和連接件提供了將離合器踏板的上下運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為離合器分離軸承機(jī)構(gòu)的前后運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種方法。II.TextExplanationmeans科學(xué)家們正在為發(fā)明一種能儲(chǔ)存這種動(dòng)力的方法而工作。Scientistsareworkingtodeviseameansofstoringthistypeofpower.diaphragm-springtypecoil-pressure-springtypeIII.Exercisesclutchreleaseforkdrivetraindrivingaxlespressureplatediaphragmtypesplinedhubcoilspringdiaphragmreleasefingersfrictiondisksengagementanddisengagement分離叉?zhèn)鲃?dòng)系傳動(dòng)軸壓盤膜片式花鍵轂螺旋彈簧膜片彈簧分離杠桿摩擦盤分離和接合I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.II.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture.1-frictiondisk2-spring3-splinedhub4-drivendisk5-pressureplate6-locatingstuds7-diaphragmspring8-fulcrumring9-clutchcoverIII.ExercisesIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.Theclutchreleasemechanismcanbeoperatedeither(mechanically)or(hydraulically).Themechanicallyoperatedreleasemechanismconsistsofa(pedal),a(returnspring),ashaftwithlever,arod,areleaseyoke(lever),areleaseyoke,areleaseballbearingwithsupportandaclutchreleasespring.Whentheclutchpedalis(depressed),therodandshaftwithyokeshiftthereleasebearingandsupport(assembly).Thereleasebearingpressestheinnerendsofthereleaselevers,thepressure(driven)ismovedawayfromthe(plate)diskandtheclutchisdisengaged.To(engage)theclutch,thepedalisreleased,thereleasebearingandsupportassemblyisshiftedbackbythereturnspringthusreleasingthereleasingleverssothatthepressureplateisforcedbyitsspringstowardstheflywheeltoclampthedrivendiskandengagetheclutch.IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Theclutchisadeviceusedtoprovidesmoothengagementanddisengagementofengineandtransmission.2.Everyvehiclehasanenginewhichprovidesthestartingpower,buttheenginedevelopslittlepowerortorqueatlowrpm,andmustgainspeedbeforeitmovesavehicle.3.Iftherapidlyrotatingenginewassuddenlyconnectedtothedrivelineofastationaryvehicle,theengagementwouldnotbesoft.1.離合器是一種用以平穩(wěn)連接和分離發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器的裝置。2.每輛汽車都有一個(gè)提供動(dòng)力的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，但是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在低速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)幾乎不產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力或扭矩，而且發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)必須快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)才能推動(dòng)車輛前進(jìn)。3.如果快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)突然與靜止車輛的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)相連，這種接合就不會(huì)柔和。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.經(jīng)過(guò)離合器的動(dòng)力輸出主要是由與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸相連的一個(gè)或多個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)元件與一個(gè)或多個(gè)動(dòng)力輸入軸相連的驅(qū)動(dòng)元件相接觸形成的。2.沿壓盤和離合器之間的圓周均勻分布的彈簧夾住壓盤與飛輪之間的從動(dòng)盤。3.汽車離合器在構(gòu)造上都很相似，只是在壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)和分離機(jī)構(gòu)的細(xì)節(jié)上稍有不同。1.Poweroutputbytheclutchismainlydrivenbytheformationoftangencybetweenoneormoredrivecomponentsconnectedtotheenginecrankshaftandothersconnectedtothepowerinputshaft.2.Thespringevenlydistributedbetweenthecircumferenceofthepressureplateclampstheclutchdiscbetweentheflywheelandpressureplate.3.Allautomotiveclutchesareverysimilarinconstruction,onlydifferentinthedetailsofthepressure-plateassembliesandtheseparation.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.3ManualTransmission

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesWhatdoesthemanualtransmissionconsistof?Themanualtransmissionconsistsofahousing,aninputshaftandgear,anoutputshaftandgear,acountershaft,areversegear,aclusterofgearsandagearshiftmechanism.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionofthegearshiftmechanism?Thegearshiftmechanismisdesignedforengaginggears,settingthemneutralandengagingthereversespeed.

Pre-questionsWhereisthetransmissionlocatedinthecar?Whatdoesitactas?

Thetransmissionislocatedinthemiddleoftheengineanddrivingwheels.Itactsaschangingthetorquetransmittedfromtheenginecrankshafttothepropellershaft,reversingthevehiclemovementanddisengagingtheenginefromthedrivelineforalongtimeatparkingorcoasting.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-3ManualTransmission1-shiftmechanism;2-shiftforks;3-inputshaft;4-outputshaft;5-countershaft

Atransmissionisaspeedandpowerchangingdeviceinstalledatsomepointbetweentheengineanddrivingwheelsofthevehicle.譯文：變速器是一個(gè)安裝在汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和車輪間某個(gè)位置上的變換速度和動(dòng)力的裝置。II.TextExplanationTwotypesoftransmissionarethemanualandtheautomatic.譯文：變速器可以分為手動(dòng)式和自動(dòng)式兩種。II.TextExplanationThemanualtransmissionconsistsofahousing,aninputshaftandgear,anoutputshaftandgear,acountershaft,areversegear,aclusterofgearsandagearshiftmechanism.譯文：手動(dòng)式變速器由殼體、輸入軸及齒輪、輸出軸及齒輪、中間軸、倒檔齒輪、齒輪組和換檔裝置組成。

II.TextExplanationTheinputshaftismadeofsteelintegralwiththedrivinggearandtherim.譯文：輸入軸是鋼制的，與驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪和齒圈制成一體。II.TextExplanationThegearshiftmechanismconsistsofalever,shiftrails,shiftforks,retainers,locksandareversespeedsafetydevice.譯文：齒輪換擋裝置包括換檔桿、撥叉軸、換檔撥叉、保持架、換檔鎖和倒檔安全裝置。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesparkingorcoastingneutralpositiontractiveresistancecountershaftreversegearsplinedportionoftheshaftintheboreofthecrankshaftreversespeedsafetydeviceshiftleversphericalbulb停車或滑行空擋位牽引阻力中間軸反轉(zhuǎn)齒輪軸的花鍵部分曲軸孔內(nèi)倒檔速度安全裝置撥叉軸球形座孔I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.III.ExercisesII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofthemanualtransmissionaccordingtothepicture.1-inputshaft;2-sleeve;3-outputshaft;4-reverseshaft;5-idlershaft;6-gearIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.Asweknow,anenginecan(generate)onlylimitedtorqueatlowspeeds.Drivingconditionisverycomplicatedandthisrequiresthe(tractive)effortandspeedvaryinalargescope.Andwithoutsufficient(torque),movingaheavilyloadedvehiclefromastandingstartisimpossible.Inanyengine,thecrankshaftalwaysrotatesinthesame(direction).Iftheengine(transmits)itspowerdirectlytothedriveaxles,thewheelscouldbe(driven)onlyinonedirection.Givenalevelroad,anautomobilewithoutatransmissioncouldbemadetomoveby(accelerating)theengineand(engaging)theclutch.However,astartundertheseconditionswouldbeslow,(noisy)anduncomfortable.Inaddition,itwouldplacea(tremendous)strainontheengineanddrivingpartsoftheautomobile.IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Mostautomobilemanualtransmissionsallowthedrivertoselectanyforwardgearatanytime,butsome,suchasthosecommonlymountedonmotorcyclesandsometypesofracingcars,onlyallowthedrivertoselectthenext-higherornext-lowergearratio.Manualtransmissionsarecharacterizedbygearratiosthatareselectablebylockingselectedgearpairstotheoutputshaftinsidethetransmission.Contemporaryautomotivemanualtransmissionsaregenerallyavailablewithfourtosixforwardgearsandonereversegear,althoughmanualtransmissionshavebeenbuiltwithasfewastwoandasmanyaseightgears.1.大多數(shù)汽車的手動(dòng)變速器，允許司機(jī)隨時(shí)選擇任意前進(jìn)檔位，但也有例外，安裝在摩托車和某些賽車上的手動(dòng)變速器，只允許司機(jī)選擇次高檔或次低檔。2.手動(dòng)變速器的特點(diǎn)主要是：傳動(dòng)比的選擇由安裝在變速箱內(nèi)部與輸出軸相連的特定齒輪副確定。3.當(dāng)代汽車手動(dòng)變速器一般設(shè)置四至六個(gè)前進(jìn)檔和一個(gè)倒檔，齒輪數(shù)一般有二至八個(gè)。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.變速器是用來(lái)改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸送到驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩，完成倒車和在汽車長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停車或滑行時(shí)分離發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的裝置。2.變速器中間軸齒輪與主動(dòng)齒輪是常嚙合的。3.換檔裝置通過(guò)變換齒輪嚙合，實(shí)現(xiàn)前進(jìn)檔、空檔和倒檔之間的變換。1.Thetransmissionisdesignedforchangingthetorquetransmittedfromtheenginecrankshafttothepropellershaft,reversingthevehiclemovementanddisengagingtheenginefromthedrivelineforalongtimeatparkingorcoasting.2.Theidlershaftgearandthedrivinggearareinconstantmesh.3.Thegearshiftmechanismcompletestheconversionamongforward,neutralandreversepositiontochangegearing.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.4AutomaticTransmission

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesHowmanymainunitsistheautomatictransmissiondividedinto?Whatarethey?Theautomatictransmissionisdividedintofivemainunits.Theyareplanetarygearsets,thehydraulicsystem,sealsandgaskets,thetorqueconverter,thegovernorandthemodulatororthrottlecable.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionofplanetarygearsets?Theplanetarygearsetsprovidesoverdrive,reverse,forwardreduction,neutral,anddirectdrive.

Pre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionofsealsandgasketsinautomatictransmission?Sealsandgasketsareusedtokeeptheoilwhereitissupposedtobeandpreventitfromleakingout.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-4PlanetaryGearSystem1-planetgear;2-sungear;3-ringgear;4-planetarycarrierAutomatictransmissioniseasytomanipulateinacrowdedvehicle,theycangreatlyimprovetrafficsafetyandreliability.譯文：自動(dòng)變速器很容易操縱，在車輛擁擠時(shí)，可大大提高車輛行駛的安全性及可靠性。II.TextExplanationThebasicplanetarygearsetconsistsofasungear,aringgearandtwoormoreplanetgears,allremaininginconstantmesh.譯文：基本的行星齒輪裝置由一個(gè)太陽(yáng)輪、一個(gè)齒圈和兩個(gè)或更多個(gè)行星齒輪組成，所有元件之間保持常嚙合狀態(tài)。II.TextExplanationThetorqueconvertercanchangethetwistingmotionoftheenginecrankshaft.譯文：液力變矩器可以改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)

。

II.TextExplanationThehydraulicsystemisacomplexmazeofpassagesandtubesthatsendstransmissionfluidunderpressuretoallpartsofthetransmissionandtorqueconverter.譯文：液壓系統(tǒng)是個(gè)由復(fù)雜的通道和管道組成的迷宮，將一定壓力的傳動(dòng)油送到變速器和液力變矩器內(nèi)的所有零件上。II.TextExplanationSealsandgasketstocontroltheflowofhydraulicfluidandtokeepitfromleakingout.譯文：密封圈和密封墊用來(lái)控制傳動(dòng)液的流動(dòng)并防止其泄漏。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesone-wayclutchthrottlevalvetorqueconverterplanetarygearpumpwheelfuel-efficienttopgearhydrauliccontrolcircuitclutchpackplanetarygearset單向離合器節(jié)氣門液力變矩器行星齒輪泵輪燃油效率高速檔液壓控制管路離合器壓盤行星齒輪組I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.III.ExercisesII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofplanetarygearsystemaccordingtothepicture.1-planetarycarrier;2-sungear;3-planetgear;4-ringgearIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.Thekeydifferencebetweena(manual)andan(automatic)transmissionisthatthemanualtransmissionlocksandunlocksdifferentsetsofgearstothe(output)shafttoachievethevariousgearratios,whileinanautomatictransmission,thesamesetofgearsproducesallofthedifferentgearratios.Therearetwobasictypesofautomatictransmissionsbasedonwhetherthevehicleis(rear)wheeldriveor(front)wheeldrive.

Onarearwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusually(mounted)tothebackoftheengine.

Adriveshaftconnectstherearofthetransmissiontothe(finaldrive)whichislocatedintherear(axle)andisusedtosend(power)totherearwheels.

Onafrontwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusuallycombinedwiththefinaldrivetoformwhatiscalleda(transaxle).Frontaxlesareconnecteddirectlytothetransaxleandprovidepowertothefrontwheels.IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Anautomatictransmissionisanautomobilegearboxthatcanchangegearratiosautomaticallyasthevehiclemoves,freeingthedriverfromhavingtoshiftgearsmanually.Mostautomatictransmissionshaveasetselectionofpossiblegearranges,oftenwithaparkingpawlfeaturethatwilllocktheoutputshaftofthetransmission.Somemachineswithlimitedspeedrangesorfixedenginespeeds,suchassomeforklifttrucksandlawnmowers,onlyuseatorqueconvertertoprovideavariablegearingoftheenginetothewheels.1.汽車行駛過(guò)程中，自動(dòng)變速器可以自動(dòng)改變傳動(dòng)比，駕駛員不用手動(dòng)換擋。2.大多數(shù)自動(dòng)變速器都具有傳動(dòng)比的選擇范圍，一般通過(guò)相應(yīng)棘爪鎖住變速器輸出軸實(shí)現(xiàn)傳動(dòng)比的選擇。3.一些發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)極限轉(zhuǎn)速有限或轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定不變，例如一些叉車和割草機(jī)，這樣就只能使用液力變矩器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與驅(qū)動(dòng)輪之間的傳動(dòng)比的變換。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.自動(dòng)變速器由液力變矩器、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)和液壓操縱機(jī)構(gòu)組成。2.液力變矩器的鎖止離合器位于渦輪前端，由鎖止活塞、減振盤和渦輪傳動(dòng)板等組成。3.單排行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)固定不同的元件或改變聯(lián)鎖關(guān)系，可得出不同的傳動(dòng)狀態(tài)。1.Theautomatictransmissionconsistsofhydraulictorqueconverter,planetarygearsetsandhydrauliccontrolsets.2.Locatedinfrontoftheturbine,thelockingclutchofthehydraulictorqueconverterconsistsoflockingpiston,shockabsorbersandturbinedriveplate.3.Singleplanetarygearsetprovidesdifferenttransmissionformsbyrivetingdifferentcomponentsorchanginginterlockingrelationship.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.5FinalDrive

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesWhat’sthefunctionofthefinaldrive?Thefinaldriveisthemaincomponentinthetransmissionlinetoreducespeedandincreasethetorque.Inthemeantimeitcanchangethedirectionoftorquewhenthemotorislongitudinal.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsHowdoesthefinaldrivework?Thefinaldrivedependsonthegearwheelwithlessnumberofteethdrivingtheotheronewithmoreteethtoachievetheretardment.Andtheuseofconicalgearalsocanchangethedirectionoftorque.Pre-questionsHowmanytypesdoesthefinaldrivehave?Whatarethey?Accordingtothenumberofsub-gearpairswhichtakepartintheretardment,thefinaldrivecanbedividedintosingle-stageandtwo-stagetype.Accordingtothenumberofsub-filesofthetransmissionratio,thefinaldrivecanbedividedintosinglespeedandtwo-speedtype.Accordingtothesub-structureofreductiongearpairs,thefinaldrivecanbedividedintothecylindricalgeartype,thebevelgeartype,thehypoidgeartypeandsoon.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-5FinalDrive1-halfaxlegear;2-planetarygears;3-differentialhousing;4-ringgear;5-pinionItdependsonthegearwheelwithlessnumberofteethdrivingtheotheronewithmoreteethtoachieveretardment.譯文：它是依靠齒數(shù)少的齒輪帶動(dòng)齒數(shù)多的齒輪來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)減速的。II.TextExplanationInordertomeetdifferentrequirementsoftheapplication,thestructuresoffinaldrivearedifferent.譯文：為滿足不同的使用要求，主減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)型式也是不同的。II.TextExplanationApartfromsomemediumandheavyvehicleswhichrequireoflargetransmissionratiousingtwo-stagemainreducer,thegeneralmicro-,lightandsomemediumonesusuallyadoptthesingle-stagemainreducer.譯文：除了一些要求大傳動(dòng)比的中、重型車采用雙級(jí)主減速器外，一般微型、輕型和一些中型車通常都采用單級(jí)主減速器。

II.TextExplanationIntwo-stagemainreducer,ifthesecond-classgearsareinthevicinityofthewheel,thetwowheelsareinnature

twoindependentpartsknownasthewheelreducer.譯文：在雙級(jí)式主減速器中，若第二級(jí)齒輪在車輪附近，這兩個(gè)車輪實(shí)際上成了兩個(gè)相互獨(dú)立的部件，被稱為輪邊減速器。II.TextExplanationWhenthedrivegearaxismovesdownward,thelocationoftransmissionshaftcanbereduced,whichhelpstolowthevehiclebodyandthevehicle’scenterofgravity,improvingthevehiclestability.譯文：當(dāng)主動(dòng)齒輪軸線向下偏移時(shí)，可以降低傳動(dòng)軸的位置，從而有利于降低車身及整車重心高度，提高汽車的行駛穩(wěn)定性。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesmainreducersingle-stagemainreducerplanetarygearscylindricalgeardual-stagemainreducerwheelreducertransmissionratioauxiliarytransmissioncenterofgravityvehiclestability主減速器單級(jí)主減速器行星齒輪圓柱齒輪雙級(jí)主減速器輪邊減速器傳動(dòng)比副變速器重心車輛穩(wěn)定性I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.III.ExercisesII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesoffinaldriveaccordingtothepicture.1-ringgear;2-halfaxlegear;3-halfaxle;4-planetarygears;5-driveshaftIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.Thefinaldriveisusedto(transfer)theenginepowerfromthe(driveshaft)totherear(wheels).Inadditiontotransferringpower,itmustcausethepowertomakea90°(turn)betweenthedriveshaftandwheels,andprovidethe(correct)axleratio.Thereisnochoiceoffinaldriveratiosthatgivesthe“best”performanceatall(speeds).Thegearratiois(proportional)toratioofthegeardiametersand(nversely)proportionaltotheratioofgearspeeds.Thegearteethof(driven)geararemorethanthe(driving)gear.Therearemanytypesofgearshape,butthetypeofthedrivingandthedrivenmustbeconsistent.IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Drivenbevelgearisfixedonthedifferentialshellwhilethedifferentialshellisfixedonthemainreducershellbytwotaperedrollerbearings.2.Thesetwobearingsinstalledintheholesofthemainreducerbearingshellandwaslevelaxialpositioned.3.Thegearratioistherelationshipbetweenthenumberofteethontwogearsthataremeshedortwosprocketsconnectedwithacommonrollerchain,orthecircumferencesoftwopulleysconnectedwithadrivebelt.1.從動(dòng)錐齒輪安裝在差速器殼上，差速器殼通過(guò)兩個(gè)圓錐滾子軸承安裝在主減速器殼上。2.這兩個(gè)軸承安裝在主減速器軸承殼座孔內(nèi)，起軸向水平定位的作用。3.傳動(dòng)比由如下三方面因素確定：兩嚙合齒輪的齒數(shù)、用滾子鏈連接的兩鏈輪齒數(shù)或用皮帶連接的兩皮帶輪周長(zhǎng)。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.按主減速器傳動(dòng)比檔數(shù)分，可分為單速式和雙速式兩種。2.目前采用的輪邊減速器，就是為滿足整個(gè)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)匹配的需要，而增加的一套降速增扭的齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置。3.主減速器是依靠齒數(shù)少的齒輪帶動(dòng)齒數(shù)多的齒輪來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)減速的，采用圓錐齒輪傳動(dòng)則可以改變轉(zhuǎn)矩旋轉(zhuǎn)方向。1.Accordingtothenumberofsub-filesofthetransmissionratio,thefinaldrivecanbedividedintosinglespeedandtwo-speedtype.2.Atpresent,inordertomeettheneedsofmatchingtheentiretransmissionsystem,thewheelreducerisaadditionalgearingmechanismwhichcanreducespeedandincreasetorque.3.Thefinaldrivedependsonthegearwheelwithlessnumberofteethdrivingtheotheronewithmoreteethtoachievereducingspeed,andtheuseofconicalgearalsocanchangethedirectionoftorque.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.6UniversalDrive

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesHowmanymainunitsdoestheuniversaldriveconsistof?Whatarethey?Theuniversaldriveconsistsoftheuniversaljoints,driveshaftandsupport.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsHowmanytypesdoestheuniversaljointhave?Theuniversaljointcanbedividedintorigidandflexiblejoint.Rigidjointcanbedividedintonon-constant-velocityjoint(commonlyusedforcross-axis),quasi-constant-velocityjoint(suchasdouble-typeuniversaljoint)andconstant-velocityjoint(suchasBallBasketdrive).Pre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionoftheuniversaljoint?Theuniversaljointisanangulatingmechanicalpowertransmissionfortheneedtochangethedirectionofshaftlineposition.

Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-6UniversalDrive1-universaljoints;2–driveshaft;3-theformerdriveshaft;4-supportIntheautomotivetransmissionandothersystems,inordertoachieveanumberofaxesintersection,orrelativepositionofconstantlychangingbetweenthepowertransmissionshafts,universaldrivemustbeused.譯文：在汽車傳動(dòng)系及其它系統(tǒng)中，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一些軸線相交或相對(duì)位置經(jīng)常變化的轉(zhuǎn)軸之間的動(dòng)力傳遞，必須采用萬(wàn)向傳動(dòng)裝置。II.TextExplanationUniversaldrivenormallyconsistsoftheuniversaljoints,driveshaftandsupport.譯文：萬(wàn)向傳動(dòng)裝置一般由萬(wàn)向節(jié)、傳動(dòng)軸和中間支承三部分組成

。II.TextExplanationUniversaljointsareangulatingmechanicalpowertransmissionfortheneedtochangethedirectionofshaftlineposition.譯文：萬(wàn)向節(jié)是實(shí)現(xiàn)變角度動(dòng)力傳遞的機(jī)件，用于滿足傳動(dòng)軸方向改變的需要。II.TextExplanationThedriveshafthastowithstandthetorsionalstressesofthetransmittingtorque,andyetitmustbelightandwellbalancedsothatvibrationandwhipwillnotoccurathighspeeds.譯文：傳動(dòng)軸必須要承受傳遞力矩時(shí)的扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力，重量要輕，要很好的平衡，這樣在高速時(shí)才不會(huì)發(fā)生振動(dòng)和噪聲。II.TextExplanationAnintermediatesupportingstructureisinfactofabearingsupportandcushioninstalledinthebody(orframe),forsupportingoneendofshaft.譯文：中間支承結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是一個(gè)安裝在車身（或車架）上的軸承座和緩沖墊，用來(lái)支承傳動(dòng)軸的一端。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesrigidjointsflexiblejointsnon-constant-velocityjointsquasi-c