CANADA歷史文化,經(jīng)濟介紹

WelcometoCanadaDiscoveryandExploration

BeforetheEuropeandiscovery,CanadawaspopulatedbyIndianandInuittribesThroughouttherestofthe16thcentury,theCanadiandidfurtradewithEuropeanEuropeanSettlement

Intheearly1600s,bothBritainandFrancefoundedsettlementsinCanadaThedecisivestruggletookplaceduringthe1750swhenthefamoussevenyears’warstartedandthentheBritishwon

TheCanadaAct《加拿大法案》of1982madeCanadaafullysovereignstate.GovernmentandpoliticalsysteminCanadaDemocratic

民主Peoplehavethepower!FederalGovernment（聯(lián)邦政府）

——AdministrativepowersStephenHarpertheheadofgovernmentQueenElizabeththesecondthesymbolofCanadapowerQueenVS.PrimeMinisterFederalGovernment

——legislativepowers（立法權(quán)）TheHouseofCommons（Parliament國會)MakesandchangeslawsThreeparts-Queen-UpperHouse-LowerHouseThesenate參議院ReviewinglawswhichareproposedbytheHouseofCommons.SenatorscomefromacrossCanada.FederalGovernment

——jurisdictionSupremecourtofCanadaJudicialreviewControleveryprovincialgovernmentsResponsibilitiesInsurancedefensepostalservice

保險

防衛(wèi)

郵電業(yè)

ProvincialGovernmentFoundation(tenprovincesandthreeSAR**(SpecialAdministrativeRegion)Responsibilities-Vehiclelicenses-HealthProvincialGovernmentThepremiersoftheBritishColumbiaProvinceThepremiersaresimilartothePrimeMinsterQuebec’s（魁北克）politicalsystemissimilartotheFrenchsystemTheprovincialgovernmentisveryessentialineachprovince!加拿大——————人文習俗

Aboriginal（土著居民）peoplesinCanadaincludetheFirstNations,Inuit,andMétis（法裔梅提斯）.TheMétisacultureofmixedbloodoriginatedinthemid-17thcenturywhenFirstNationandInuitmarriedEuropeansettlers.TheInuithadmorelimitedinteractionwithEuropeansettlersduringtheearlyperiods.PeopleCanadians,Canada'sbasicpopulationinNorthAmerica.Includingmorethan100ethnicgroups.IncludingBritishCanadians,FrenchCanadians,otherEuropeanandAsianimmigrantandindigenouspeoples.PopulationPopulationIthasthepopulationof35million,thoseofBritishandFrenchorigin,comprisedrespectivelyabout42and26.7percentofthepopulation.13%ofotherEuropeandescent,indigenouspeopleabout3%,therestofAsia,LatinAmerica,Africaoriginandsoon.NationofImmigrantsWearefromCanada

Chinesepopulation,whichaccountedfor3.5%ofthetotalpopulationofCanada,Canada'slargestethnicminority,thelargestoutsidetheCaucasianandAboriginalcommunities.25%ofChinesepopulationwerebornin

Canada,andtherestmostlyfromChina,HongKongandTaiwan.FoundinCanadainrecentyearssuspectedremainsoftheancientChinese.residentsaccountedfor47.3%Catholic,ProtestantChristiansaccountedfor41.2%.

SocialWelfare1、就業(yè)保險Employment

Insurance2、醫(yī)療保險

Medical

Service

Plan3、加拿大退休計劃

Canada

Pension

Plan4、社會福利金

Social

Welfare5、假期Vocation

Opportunity6、養(yǎng)老金

Old

Age

Security（OAS）7、牛奶金Child

Tax

Benefit

8、托兒補助金

Child

Care

Subsidy9、政府房

Government

Housing

10、收入保障津貼Guaranteed

Income

Supplement11、配偶津貼Spouse’s

Allowance12、懷孕津貼

節(jié)假日

1）法定節(jié)日

元旦：1月1日?；绞茈y日：復(fù)活節(jié)前的那個星期五，紀念耶穌基督在十字架上遇難。復(fù)活節(jié)日：由于復(fù)活節(jié)總是在春分滿月后的第一個星期天，紀念活動事實上是在復(fù)活節(jié)后的第一個星期一。維多利亞日：5月24日，維多利亞女王誕辰紀念日，一般在5月25日之前的第一個星期日舉行慶?；顒??？笨巳眨?月24日加拿大日：7月1日，國慶節(jié)，紀念1867年加拿大成為聯(lián)邦的節(jié)日。安大略公民日：8月1日勞動節(jié)：9月1日，在9月份的第一個星期一舉行慶祝。感恩節(jié)：10月份的第二個星期一，是對豐收表示感謝的節(jié)日，家家戶戶吃火雞餐。陣亡將士紀念日：11月11日，為紀念二次世界大戰(zhàn)中的死難者而規(guī)定的節(jié)日。圣誕節(jié)：12月5日，傳統(tǒng)上的耶穌誕辰紀念日，一年中最大的節(jié)日。2）民間節(jié)慶與文體活動渥太華冰上狂歡節(jié)：2月初，為期10天魁北克冬季狂歡節(jié)：2月的第一個周末，為期10天。楓糖節(jié)：3月至4月初，加拿大采集楓葉、熬制楓糖漿時節(jié)，人民參觀楓林、欣賞楓葉，品嘗楓糖糕、太妃糖、楓糖薄餅等楓糖食品。白球恩生萃紀念日；1890.3.3～1939.11.12

加勒比日；4月在多倫多空軍節(jié)：6月11日多倫多旅隊節(jié)：6月19日～27日卡爾加里牛仔節(jié)：7月，艾伯塔省的重要城市卡爾加里舉辦的“牛仔節(jié)”為世界上規(guī)模最大的牛仔竟爭活動。藝術(shù)祭雪節(jié)：冬季渥太華。郁金香節(jié)：“春天的節(jié)日”5月最后兩周，在渥太華舉行，推選”郁金香皇后”,花車游行，夜晚施放煙火，跳狂歡舞?，斃锲丈耖g藝術(shù)節(jié)：夏季，為期三天，在多倫多舉行。3）帶薪假期

加拿大聯(lián)邦法規(guī)定，就業(yè)1年后有兩周帶薪休假，6年后有三周帶薪休假。絕大多數(shù)企業(yè)有10至30天的帶薪休假。愛爾蘭節(jié)OnMarch17.TheNationalDayofthefestivaloriginatedinIreland.SaintPatrickwascatnipisIrishpeoplereveredtheSaint.HehelpedtheIrishwillharmthesnakedrivenintothesea.Greenisthesymboloftheholiday.Peopleasmuchaspossibletoweargreenclothes,drinkgreenbeer.Usuallyhaveabigparade.SaintPatrick’sDayCalgary

Exhibitionand

Stampe

(卡加立牛仔競技大賽)

Adeeplyimpressedbythe10competitionsheldinJuly,istheworld'sbiggest,oneofthemostviolentevent.Thecityfilledwithpeople,acowboycostumecryofnoisyparty,noise,andexcellentperformancesoon.

渥太華雪祭EveryyearinFebruary,afterathree-daycelebrationinfrozeninthecanal(RideauCanal)more.Itscharacteristicshaveicesculptureexhibition,sled,icebreakertrip,icehockeygame,snowshoeswonderfulactivitiessuchaswalkingandridingahorseontheicegame.Youcanbeinabout9kmlongiceworldcanal.WinterludeMapleSyrupFestivalAnnuallybytheendofMarchtoearlyAprilisCanada'smaplesyrupfestivaloftraditionalfolkfestivals.EveryMarch,maplesugarfarmswereputonthefestivecostumes,withallthetasteofnaturegivingthemsweetgift.Thetraditionalmaplesyrupfestivalistoopenforvisitorsfromhomeandabroad,particularlywelcomethechildren.SomefarmsalsoreservedtheoldmapleontheIndianacquisitionofequipmentandtheproductionofmaplesyrup,usedinthefestivalintheancientproductionmethods,toshowvisitorstheprocessofmaplesyrup,andsometouristsarestillprovidedfreeofchargetotheweekendTangGaoFengand"toffee".Localresidentsalsohaveenthusiasmforperformingvariousdancesandsongsforthevisitorsandleadthetouriststoenjoythebeautifullushmapletreesandleaves.

Canadianslovetoeatbakedfood,especiallyliketheroastbeef,especiallytheeightmaturesteak.TheyusedtodrinkCoffeeandeatfruitafterameal.Preferenceforsweets,likebrandy,champagne,Buttheydonoteatshrimppaste,fishsauce,fermentedbeancurdandsmell,thesmelloffoodandanimalinnards.FoodFood加拿大飲食*三不*不設(shè)煙酒

不吃熱食

不排桌席

禁忌

加拿大人忌諱“13”、“星期五”，認為“13”是厄運的數(shù)字，“星期五”是災(zāi)難的象征。他們忌諱白色的百合花。因為它會給人帶來死亡的氣氛，人們習慣用它來掉念死人。他們不喜歡外來人把他們的國家和美國進行比較，尤其是拿美國的優(yōu)越方面與他們相比，更是令人不能接受。加拿大婦女有美容化妝的習慣，因此他們不歡迎服務(wù)員送擦臉香巾。不要冒然造訪加拿大人的家或辦公室(office)，即使你是他的好友，也應(yīng)打電話預(yù)約或通過其他方式提前約定。TheEconomyofCanadian

Contents

1Basicinformation2MeasuringProductivity3GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)3.1Multifactorproductivity(MFP)4CentralGovernmentDebt5HouseholdDebt6Keyindustries6.1Servicesector6.2Manufacturing6.3Energy6.4Agriculture7RelationswiththeU.S.8FreeTradeAgreements

Canadaisoneoftheworld’swealthiestnationsandthemajorityofitscitizensenjoyahighqualityoflifebyworldstandards.CanadaisoneofthesevenWesternindustrializedcountries.Ithasadvancedmanufacturingindustry,high-techindustryandserviceindustry.Resourcesindustry,theprimarymanufacturingandagriculturearethemainstayofthenationaleconomy.Totradenations,greatdependenceonforeigntrade,economicisdeeplyeffectedbytheUnitedstates.Canadastimulateseconomicgrowthtimelywiththeintroductionof“EconomicActionPlan“,aftertheglobalfinancialcrisis.Thecountry'seconomyoutofrecessioninthesecondhalfof2009.TheCanadianRealGDP(GrossDomesticProduct)increased3.3%in2010,2.6%droppedin2009.Inmostareas,construction,mining,petroleumandnaturalgasexploitationandmanufacturinggrowthbeyondservices.

BasicinformationGDP

$1.825trillion(2013est.)GDPrank: 11th(nominal)/14th(PPP)GDPgrowth:Increase3.6%(Q22014est.)GDPpercapita:$51,989(2013)(10th,nominal;9th,PPP)GDPbysector:agriculture:1.7%,

industry:28.5%,

services:69.8%(2012est.)Inflation(CPI):2.36%(June2014)Labourforce:18.89million(2012est.)Labourforcebyoccupation:agriculture:2%,manufacturing:13%,construction:6%,services:76%,other:3%(2006est.)Unemployment: 6.5%(November2014)Mainindustries:transportationequipment,chemicals,processedandunprocessedminerals,foodproducts,woodandpaperproducts,fishproducts,petroleumandnaturalgasMeasuringProductivity

Productivitymeasuresarekeyindicatorsofeconomicperformanceandakeysourceofeconomicgrowthandcompetitiveness.TheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)TheOECDCompendiumofProductivityIndicators,publishedannually,presentsabroadoverviewofproductivitylevelsandgrowthinmembernations,highlightingkeymeasurementissues.Itanalysestheroleof"productivityasthemaindriverofeconomicgrowthandconvergence"andthe"contributionsoflabour,capitalandMFPindrivingeconomicgrowth.“

Accordingtothedefinitionabove“MFPisofteninterpretedasthecontributiontoeconomicgrowthmadebyfactorssuchastechnicalandorganisationalinnovation”(OECD2008,11).MeasuresofproductivityincludeGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)(OECD2008,11)andMultifactorProductivityGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)

TheOECDprovidesdataforexamplecomparinglabourproductivitylevelsinthetotaleconomyofeachmembernation.Intheir2011reportCanada'sGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)was$CDN1,720,748million.Multifactorproductivity(MFP)

Anotherproductivitymeasure,usedbytheOECD,isthelong-termtrendinmultifactorproductivity(MFP)alsoknownastotalfactorproductivity(TFP).Thisindicatorassessesaneconomy’s"underlyingproductivecapacity(“potentialoutput”),itselfanimportantmeasureofthegrowthpossibilitiesofeconomiesandofinflationarypressures."MFPmeasurestheresidualgrowththatcannotbeexplainedbytherateofchangeintheservicesoflabour,capitalandintermediateoutputs,andisofteninterpretedasthecontributiontoeconomicgrowthmadebyfactorssuchastechnicalandorganizationalinnovation.(OECD2008,11)CentralGovernmentDebt

TheOECDreportstheCentralGovernmentDebtaspercentageoftheGDP.In2000Canada'swas40.9percent,in2007itwas25.2percent,in2008itwas28.6percentandby2010itwas36.1percent.TheOECDreportsnetfinancialliabilitiesmeasureusedbytheOECD,reportsthenetnumberat25.2%,asof2008,makingCanada’stotalgovernmentdebtburdenasthelowestintheG8.Thegrossnumberwas68%.TheCIAWorldFactbook,updatedweekly,measuresfinancialliabilitiesbyusinggrossgeneralgovernmentdebt,asopposedtonetfederaldebtusedbytheOECDandtheCanadianfederalgovernment.Grossgeneralgovernmentdebtincludesboth"intragovernmentaldebtandthedebtofpublicentitiesatthesub-nationallevel."Forexample,theCIAmeasuredCanada'spublicdebtas84.1%ofGDPin2012and87.4%ofGDPin2011makingit22ndintheworld.HouseholdDebtHouseholddebt,theamountofmoneythatalladultsinthehouseholdowefinancialinstitutions,includesconsumerdebtandmortgageloans.

PaulKrugmanarguedthatby2007householddebtintheUnitedStates,priortothefinancialcrisis,hadreached130percentofhouseholdincome.Krugmandistinguishedbetweenthetotaldomesticnon-financialdebt(publicplusprivate)relativetoGDPwhichis"moneyweowetoourselves"andnetforeigndebt.StatisticsCanadareportedinMarch2013that"credit-marketdebtsuchasmortgagesroseto165%ofdisposableincome,comparedwith164.7%inthepriorthree-monthperiod."AccordingtotheIMF,"Housing-relateddebt(mortgages)comprisesabout70percentofgrosshouseholddebtinadvancedeconomies.Theremainderconsistsmainlyofcreditcarddebtandautoloans."ManufacturingThegeneralpatternofdevelopmentforwealthynationswasatransitionfromaprimaryindustrybasedeconomytoamanufacturingbasedone,andthentoaservicebasedeconomy.Canadadidnotescapethispattern-atits(abnormallyhighWorldWarII)peakin1944,manufacturingaccountedfor29%ofGDP,decliningto15.6%in2005.Canadahasnotsufferedasgreatlyasmostotherrich,industrializednationsfromthepainsoftherelativedeclineintheimportanceofmanufacturingsincethe1960s.MuchoftheCanadianmanufacturingindustryconsistsofbranchplantsofUnitedStatesfirms,thoughtherearesomeimportantdomesticmanufacturers,suchasBombardierInc..ThishasraisedseveralconcernsforCanadians.Branchplantsprovidemainlybluecollarjobs,withresearchandexecutivepositionsconfinedtotheUnitedStates.EnergyCanadaisoneofthefewdevelopednationsthatisanetexporterofenergy-in2009netexportsofenergyproductsamountedto2.9%ofGDP.MostimportantarethelargeoilandgasresourcescentredinAlbertaandtheNorthernTerritories,butalsopresentinneighboringBritishColumbiaandSaskatchewan.ThevastAthabascaOilSandsgiveCanadatheworld'sthirdlargestreservesofoilafterSaudiArabiaandVenezuelaaccordingtoUSGS.TheNationalEnergyPolicyoftheearly1980sattemptedtoforceAlbertatoselllowpricedoiltoeasternCanada.Thispolicyproveddeeplydivisive,andquicklylostitsimportanceasoilpricescollapsedinthemid-1980s.OneofthemostcontroversialsectionsoftheCanada-UnitedStatesFreeTradeAgreementof1988wasapromisethatCanadawouldneverchargetheUnitedStatesmoreforenergythanfellowCanadians.AgricultureCanadaisalsooneoftheworld'slargestsuppliersofagriculturalproducts,particularlyofwheatandothergrains.Canadaisamajorexporterofagriculturalproducts,totheUnitedStatesandAsia.AswithallotherdevelopednationstheproportionofthepopulationandGDPdevotedtoagriculturefelldramaticallyoverthe20thcentury.Aswithotherdevelopednations,theCanadianagricultureindustryreceivessignificantgovernmentsubsidiesandsupports.However,CanadahasbeenastrongsupporterofreducingmarketinfluencingsubsidiesthroughtheWorldTradeOrganization.In2000,CanadaspentapproximatelyCDN$4.6billiononsupportsfortheindustry.Ofthis,$2.32billionwasclassifiedundertheWTOdesignationof"greenbox"support,meaningitdidnotdirectlyinfluencethemarket,suchasmoneyforresearchordisasterrelief.Allbut$848.2millionweresubsidiesworthlessthan5%ofthevalueofthecropstheywereprovidedfor.MajoragriculturalproductsAgricultureinCanadacomprisesfivemainagriculturalproductionsectorsofcommodityproductionresultinginfarmcashreceiptsfrombothdomesticandforeignmarkets.FiveLargestAgriculturalProductionSectors.SectorpercentcashreceiptPrimarymarketgrainsandoilseeds

(wheat,durum,oats,barley,rye,flaxseed,canola,soybeans,rice,andcorn)34%domesticandexportredmeats–livestock

(beefcattle,hogs,veal,andlamb)24%domesticandexportdairy12%domestichorticulture9%domesticpoultryandeggs8%domesticRelationswiththeU.SCanadaandtheUnitedStatesshareacommontradingrelationship.Canada‘sjobmarketcontinuestoperformwellalongwiththeUS,reachinga30yearlowintheunemploymentrateinDecember2006,following14consecutiveyearsofemploymentgrowth.TheUnitedStatesandCanadahavethelargesttraderelationshipintheworld.In2012,U.S.merchandisetradewithCanadaconsistedofUS$324.2billioninimportsandUS$292.4billioninexports.Thetraderelationshipbetweenthetwocountriescrossesallindustriesandisvitaltobothnations’successaseachcountryisthelargesttradepartneroftheother.ThetradeacrossAmbassadorBridge,betweenWindsor,Ontario,andDetroit,Michigan,aloneisequaltoalltradebetweentheUnitedStatesandJapan.FreeTradeAgreementsCanada-U.S.FreeTradeAgreement（(Signed12-Oct-1987,enteredintoforce01-Jan-1989,latersupersededbyNAFTA)）：Asstatedintheagreement,themainpurposesoftheCanadian-UnitedStatesFreeTradeAgreementwere:eliminatebarrierstotradeingoodsandservicesbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStates;facilitateconditionsoffaircompetitionwithinthefree-tradeareaestablishedbytheAgreement;significantlyliberalizeconditionsforinvestmentwithinthatfree-tradearea;establisheffectiveproceduresforthejointadministrationoftheAgreementandtheresolutionofdisputes;laythefoundationforfurtherbilateralandmultilateralcooperationtoexpandandenhancethebenefitsoftheAgreement.TourismThemaintouristcity：

Vancouver,Ottawa,Toronto,Montreal,Quebecetc..VancouverOttawaTorontoCurrency

20012011CurrencyTheCanadiandollar(symbol:$;code:CAD)isthecurrencyofCanada.Itisabbreviatedwiththedollarsign$,orsometimesC$todistinguishitfromotherdollar-denominatedcurrencies.Itisdividedinto100cents.Owingtotheimageofaloonontheone-dollarcoin,thecurrencyissometimesreferredtoasthelooniebyforeignexchangetradersandanalysts.Canada'sdollaristhe5thmostheldreservecurrencyintheworld,accountingforapproximately2%ofallglobalreserves,behindonlytheU.S.dollar,theeuro,theyenandthepoundsterling.TheCanadiandollarispopularwithcentralbanksbecauseofCanada'srelativeeconomicsoundness,theCanadiangovernment'sstrongsovereignposition,andthestabilityofthecountry'slegalandpoliticalsystems.

LanguagesofCanadaOfficiallanguagesAmultitudeof

languages

areusedin

Canada.Accordingtothe2011census,

English

and

French

arethe

mothertongues

of56.9%and21.3%of

Canadians

respectively.

However,markingthesteadydeclineinuseoftheFrenchlanguagebyCanadiansandnewimmigrants,thesamecensuspaintsagloomierpictureofthesurvivalofFrenchasasecondlanguageforthecountry.Over85%ofCanadianshaveworkingknowledgeofEnglishwhileonly30.1%haveaworkingknowledgeofFrench.

ThisispartlyduetomanyFrench-speakingCanadianslearningEnglishandtomoreimmigrantschoosingtolearnEnglishastheirsecondlanguageratherthanFrench.ThesteadydeclineinuseoftheFrenchlanguageledtothehighlycontroversial

OfficialLanguagesAct

of1969.TheactwasintroducedtoenforceuseoftheFrenchlanguageinanefforttopreservethecultureof

FrenchCanadians

whoplayedasignificantroleinCanadianheritage.Underthe

CanadianConstitution,the

federalgovernment

hasbothEnglishandFrenchasitsofficiallanguagesinrespectofallgovernmentservices,includingthecourts,andallfederallegislationisenactedbilingually.

NewBrunswick

istheonlyCanadianprovincethathasbothEnglishandFrenchasitsofficiallanguagestothesameextent,withconstitutionalentrenchment.

Quebec'sofficiallanguageisFrench,

althoughinthatprovince,theConstitutionrequiresthatalllegislationbeenactedinbothFrenchandEnglish,andcourtproceedingsmaybeconductedineitherlanguage.Similarconstitutionalprotectionsareinplacein

Manitoba.UseofEnglish

In2011,justunder21.5millionCanadians,representing65%ofthepopulation,spokeEnglishathome.

EnglishisthemajorlanguageeverywhereinCanadaexceptQuebec,andmostCanadians(85%)canspeakEnglish.

WhileEnglishisnotthepreferredlanguageinQuebec,36.1%ofQuébécoiscanspeakEnglish.

Nationally,

Francophones

arefivetimesmorelikelytospeakEnglishthanAnglophonesaretospeakFrench-44%and9%respectively.

Only3.2%ofCanada'sEnglish-speakingpopulationresidesinQuebec—mostlyinMontreal.MoreCanadiansknowhowtospeakEnglishthanspeakitathome.UseofFrench

In2011,justover6.8millionCanadiansspokeFrenchathome.Ofthese,about6.2millionor91.5%residedinQuebec.OutsideQuebec,thelargestFrench-speakingpopulationsarefoundinNewBrunswick(whichishometo3.1%ofCanada’sFrancophones)and

Ontario

(4.2%,residingprimarilyinthe

eastern

and

northeastern

partsoftheprovinceandinToronto&Ottawa).Overall,70%ofCanadianscannotspeakFrench.SmallerindigenousFrench-speakingcommunitiesexistinsomeotherprovinces.

Forexample,avestigialcommunityexistsonNewfoundland's

PortauPortPeninsula;aremnantofthe"FrenchShore"alongtheisland'swestcoast.ThepercentageofthepopulationwhospeakFrenchbothbymothertongueandhomelanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastthreedecades.WhereasthenumberofthosewhospeakEnglishathomeishigherthanthenumberofpeoplewhosemothertongueisEnglish,theoppositeistrueforFrancophones.TherearefewerpeoplewhospeakFrenchathome,thanlearnedFrenchafterbirth.OtherlanguagesCanada’slinguisticdiversityextendsbeyondthetwoofficiallanguages."InCanada,4.7millionpeople(14.2%ofthepopulation)reportedspeakingalanguageotherthanEnglishorFrenchmostoftenathomeand1.9millionpeople(5.8%)reportedspeakingsuchalanguageonaregularbasisasasecondlanguage(inadditiontotheirmainhomelanguage,EnglishorFrench).Inall,20.0%ofCanada'spopulationreportedspeakingalanguageotherthanEnglishorFrenchathome.Forroughly6.4millionpeople,theotherlanguagewasanimmigrantlanguage,spokenmostoftenoronaregularbasisathome,aloneortogetherwithEnglishorFrenchwhereasformorethan213,000people,theotherlanguagewasanAboriginallanguage.Finally,thenumberofpeoplereportingsignlanguagesasthelanguagesspokenathomewasnearly25,000people(15,000mostoftenand9,800onaregularbasis)."IndigenouslanguagesCanadaisalsohometomany

indigenouslanguages.Takentogether,thesearespokenbylessthanonepercentofthepopulation.About.6%Canadians(or200,725people)reportan

Aboriginallanguage

astheirmothertongue.Aboriginallanguages

Canadaishometoarichvarietyofindigenouslanguagesthatarespokennowhereelse.Thereare11

Aboriginal

languagegroupsinCanada,madeupofmorethan