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前言:教習過好幾門課程,深感寫作這一課是最難教的,“危乎高哉!‘寫作’之難難于上青天?!环虍旉P,萬夫莫開。”學生學習英語寫作多時,大多不能迥脫蹊徑之外,工而入逸者更是寥寥。于是我悲觀起來,認定“文不可以‘教’而能”。雖說文字和技法可以也應當教一些,俾學生邯鄲學步,漸次入門,但就本質(zhì)特性而論,寫作遠不只是一個章法和技巧的問題,而是“氣之所行”,是皮相之下許多深層主觀因素的綜合,是一個厚積薄發(fā)的養(yǎng)成過程。這些主觀因素,在我看來,體現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)的英語寫作考試當中只局限于素心爛讀的積累。Readingmakesafullman.這是英國學者的傳世之言,我們的祖先說“讀書破萬卷,下筆如有神”。我們贊嘆一篇文章,往往是由于我們被文章中的語言所吸引、所征服:語匯豐富、句式整齊、語言或精練或華麗,句式安排純熟自如,自然流暢;而者只能來自于reading。但是我們已沒有那么多的時間去“讀”了,于是乎,語言的總結就變得極其必要!要歸納記敘文中美麗、地道的語言是困難的,但是要歸納論說文這個各種英語考試的作文類型中的語言不是不也許的。論說文是由開頭、結尾、啟轉(zhuǎn)、分析、舉例、比較等部分所組成的,其中都有些固定而美麗的句型來表達。由于這些句型都是地道的英語,是通過千錘百煉,且能表達論說文寫作中的不批準思,若能把以論說文為主的當代英語essays中的這些句型摘錄歸納成類,供讀者參考,無疑是能有助于提高英語寫作的語言水平。模仿和學用美麗和地道的英語表達法或句型并不是可恥的事。地道的英語不應是你用學過的詞匯和語法規(guī)則按某個意思苦苦思考造出來的,地道的英語應是你把英美人對這個意思的習慣說法用到你自己的文章上來的。該講義收集了論說文常用的一些句型,與六級考試的一些文章結構模式;希望同學們能以此為依據(jù),Practicemakesperfect,達成熟能生巧的境界,從而在六級考試作文部分獲得抱負的分數(shù)!寫作原則內(nèi)容簡樸化結構模式化(主題句-分論點-總結)語言要包裝錯誤要回避萬能理由(Omnipotence):1、方便:convenient/convenience2、效率:efficient/efficiently/efficiency3、節(jié)省和浪費:savetime/money/space;economical,thriftwastetime/money/space;costly,lavish4:人的心理健康:independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,perseverance;selfish,isolat(yī)ed,conservative5、人的身體健康:health,disease,strong,strength,energetic6、娛樂:colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,entertainment,relaxtired,boring,lonely7、環(huán)境:environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty8、安全和危險:safe,danger,risk9:經(jīng)驗:experience,socialexperience,enterthesociety10、人際:humane,fair,unfair,help,assist,freedom,freely基本表達(BasicElementsofEnglishWriting):越來越:beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof人們認為:itisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat許多問題:ahostof/anumberofproblems引起人們注意:claimcall/attractgeneral/public/worldattentiontosth.意識到:thereisagrowingawareness/realizationof/that,awakensb.tothefact/danger適應新的形勢/變化:adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment/change接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷:beexposedtonewideas/experiences/problems接觸社會:comeintofrequent/closecontactwiththeworld/society獲得成功:achieve/accomplishsuccess提出觀點/建議:advance/putforward/comeupwiththearguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力:maketremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth.,takegreatpainstodo(withwork/study)影響學習/工作:interferewithstudies/work產(chǎn)生影響:have/exertaprofoundinfluenceonlife/personality,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton較好地駕馭生活:beabetterpilotofone'slife剝奪機會/權力:depriveoneselfofthechance/right/opportunity取代就的方式:substitutefor/taketheplaceoftheoldway采用措施:takeeffectivesteps/measuresto控制我們的環(huán)境:take/gainincreasingcontroloverourownenvironment規(guī)避危險/挑戰(zhàn):shy/runawayfromthedangers/challenge滿足規(guī)定:meet/satisfy/accommodatethedemandof補償損失:compensat(yī)efor/makeupfortheloss/damage解釋某現(xiàn)象:accountfor/explainthephenomenon對……很好的了解:haveabetterunderstanding/appreciat(yī)ionof,haveanewperspectiveon.provide/gainaninsightinto把某因素考慮進去:takesth.Intoaccount(consideration),givemuchthoughtto品位人生/自由/青春:savorthelife/freedom/youth培養(yǎng)對……的信心:develop/fosterone'sinterest/confidencein經(jīng)歷變化/困難/艱險:undergo/experiencegreatchanges/hardships/experience表現(xiàn)出自信心等:projectone'sconfidence/feeling/image生活充滿不公正的地方:lifeisfullofminorirritation/injustice追求學習/職業(yè):pursueone'sacademicinterest/professionalcareer學習知識/技術:pursue/acquireknowledge/technology/skill被看作學習的……楷模:beheldupasagoodexample交流經(jīng)驗/知識:shareexperience/ideas/problems/knowledge發(fā)揮/起到重要作用:playan(important/active/great)role/part逃學/缺課:skipschool/aclass/ameeting/alecture知識/經(jīng)驗豐富:richinknowledge/experience確立/追求目的:set/pursueagoal/higherstandard到達目的:achieve/accomplish/stainthegoal/aim/objective克服困難:overcomeobstacles/difficulty面臨危險/困難:beconfronted/facedwith/inthefaceofdanger/difficulty阻礙了成功:standinthewayofsuccess,beanobstacle/barriertosuccess/growth阻礙了發(fā)展:hamper/impede/stuntthedevelopmentof持傳統(tǒng)的見解:holdconventionalwisdom發(fā)表見解:voice/expressone'sopinion持相反/合理的觀點:taketheopposite/freshview揭穿某種一貫的說法:shatterthemythof求得幫助:enlistone'ssupport/help縮小差別:bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulf(betweencityandcountry)把成功/錯誤歸咎于:attribute/ownthesuccess/failureto對……重要:beindispensable/important/vitalto施加壓力:put/exertaacademicpressureon重視:assign/attachmuchimportance/significanceto強調(diào):place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueon把注意力集中在:focus/concentrateone'sattention/efforts/thoughtsupon提供機會/信息:provide/offer/furnishanopportunity/informationforsb.抓住機會:grab/seize/taketheopportunity得到機會:enjoy/gainaccesstoaopportunity/information有也許:thereis(little/much)possibility/likelihoodthat(yī),chances/theoddsarethat展開競爭:competeagainst/withsb.fortheprize/position/control/themasteryof開展運動:conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against)對我很有/沒有什么意義:makemuch/littlesensetome帶來無窮的幸福/滿足:beasourceofhappinesssatisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint獻身于:devote/dedicate/commitoneselftoacause/career大不(沒什么)兩樣:makemuch(little/no)difference真正重要的是:whatreallymatters/accountsis…改變生活路程:change/alterthecourseoflife建立在大量的學習/實踐上:builtontremendousamountofstudy/practice進行調(diào)查/執(zhí)行任務:conduct/carryoutanstudy/task/experiment辭去工作/學習:leave/quitone'sjob/work/school參與考試/競賽等:enter(for)theexamination/contest,race參與活動/討論:takepart/participate/beengagedinsports/activities/discussion影響思想/態(tài)度/事件的形成:shapeone'sthinking/attitude進入大學/社會/家庭/勞力市場/職業(yè):enteraschool/college/society/theworkforce/professionals實現(xiàn)自己的抱負/愿望:realize/fulfill/achieveone'sdream(hops/wish/desire)減輕壓力/緊張:reduce/alleviate/relievethestress/pressure/tension提高社會地位:enhance/improve/upgradesocialstat(yī)us/position/standingrisetothepositionofleadership提高技術/能力:sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one'sskill/ability加快/促進發(fā)展:accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boostthedevelopmentof隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快:withthequickeningpace/rhythm/tempoofmodernlife/society開闊眼界/愛好:broadenone'sinterest/outlook,expand(broaden/enlarge)one'smentalhorizons有助于了解/發(fā)展/宣傳/解決:contributemuch/little/greatly/toabetterunderstandingof/thepopularityof/thegrowthof/thesolutionof有助于解決問題:goalongwayto(towards)solvingtheproblem迷戀名利/分數(shù):beobsessed/preoccupiedwithgrades/fame/fortune把時間花/浪費在:spend/wastetimedoingsth.,putinhoursdoingsth.運用機會/技術:make(full/better)useof/takeadvantageofopportunity/time,tap/harnesstechnologypotential/skills/talent把知識/經(jīng)驗運用到…:apply/putthetheory/knowledge/experience…topractice/dailylife/gooduse取得進步:makemuchprogress/strides/gainsin充足發(fā)揮潛力/能力:developone'sability/potentialtothefull,givefullplaytoone'sability充滿激情/渴望:haveaburningdesire/agreatpassionfor實例二99年6月真題ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?Outline:1.有人認為讀書要有選擇2.有人認為應當博覽群書3.我的想法①11分Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethinkthat(yī)readingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeotherpeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthatreadingextensivelyisbetter.Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureandknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadustothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshouldonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadbooks.But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreadingextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscanonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebestbookonlycontainsonefieldormation.So,theycaneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreadingextensivelyisbetter.Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbookstoreadandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.Bythisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityofreading.②5分Ithinkreadingnotonlyselectivelybutalsoextensively.Becausethetwosidesarenotcontradict.Ourtimeislimited.Sowecannotreadeverybookintheworld.However,wewillnotbeinterestedineverybook.Weshouldreadthosebooksmaybeusefultoours,readthosebookswhichwelike.Butthosebookswhichwechoosemustbeextensivelysoitcangiveoursallkindsofknowledge,newsandsoon,italsomakeoursbecomeawiseman.Ontheonehandreadingselectivelyletoursnotwasteourtimewhichitislimited.Moreoveritcanemphasisamongallbooksthatwecanread.Ontheotherhandreadingextensivelycandealwithallkindsofneedinourlife.Theyareallusefultoours.失分因素:分段太少,語法錯誤太多③2分Mostpeoplethoughtthatreadbooksshouldhavebeenselective.Butothersbelievedreadingextensivelywascorrection.Selectivebooksorreadingextensively?Sure,youcanchoiceonefrompreviousideas,ononehand,Therearetoobooktoreadforus.Weshouldchoosethosewhichweinterested,anditwouldbehelpfulforus.Onanotherhand.Someone’sinterestingwaswide.Eachbookcouldbringyouspecificcontainwecouldn’treadingatonlyonelevel.Iconfirmedalloftheseideasweregoodbutweren’twise.Asareader,themaintaskistodiscovermoreandmorebooksthesecondtaskistoheldsomewhichwonderfulandhelpfulforus.Don’ttreatthesebookswithrecklessabandon.Thebesttechnologyofreadingisconnect.失分因素:分段太多,語法錯誤太多④14分Howshouldweread?Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisownview.Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhat(yī)itwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.Who’sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.⑤8分Somepeoplethinkreadingshallbechosen.Becausesomebooksaregoodtohumanbeingsandsomebooksareharmfultopeople.Somepeoplethinkthatmenshouldreadbookswidely.Becausewidereadingcanhelpmangetmuchknowledge.Andmancanuseittochangetheworld.Itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.Becausereadingisimportanttoman.Somebookscanhelpmanbutsomebookscanleadsomepeopletocrime.Itcanbeseeninthenewspapersandwat(yī)chedonTV.Wecanmakefulluseofsomegoodbooksandgainmoreusefulknowledge.Itcanmakeourlifemorebeautiful.Wemustgiveupthoseunhelpfulbooks.Theyarenotgoodtous.Readingthemiswastingtimeandmoney.Soreadingselectivelyisanimportantpartinreading.失分因素:結構失調(diào),表述方式單一典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結構:(啟)ParagraphI:(1)引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點;(2)簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同見解。(承)ParagraphII:(1)提出一種觀點或優(yōu)點;(2)本段的支持性分論點;(3)本段總結(可以省略)。(轉(zhuǎn))ParagraphIII:(1)承上啟下的過渡句;(2)提出另一種觀點或缺陷;(3)本段的支持性分論點(4)本段總(可以省略)。(合)ParagraphIV:(1)平衡兩種見解;(2)給出自己的觀點。④14分Howshouldweread?Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisownview.(啟)注:1.第一句提出問題,第二句提出兩種見解Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthat(yī)arepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.(承)注:1.本段總分總結構2.theyarguethat=theythinkthat3.withthedevelopmentof...4.what'smore遞進關系,moreoverButothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.(轉(zhuǎn))注:1.But轉(zhuǎn)折詞2.theyemphasizethat=theythinkthat3.today'ssocietyisnotwhat(yī)itwas現(xiàn)代社會今昔非比4.許多知識awiderangeof/alargescopeof/much;獲取知識acquire/getknowledge5.knowsnothing→little;hemaybeuseless→hemaynotbeofgreat(yī)usetothesociety后者比前者更委婉Who’sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.(合)①11分Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethinkthatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeotherpeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthat(yī)readingextensivelyisbetter.Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureandknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadustothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshouldonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadbooks.注:1.“people,who”應去掉逗號,改為非限制定語從句。2.theysuggestthat=theythinkthat3.touch碰,閃光點詞匯,如教材P7:shouldertheresponsibilityofdoingsth.肩負起責任But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreadingextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscanonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebestbookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,theycaneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethat(yī)readingextensivelyisbetter.Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbookstoreadandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.Bythisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityofreading.Directions:Writeacompositionabout120/150wordsbasedonthefollowingoutline:1)當前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象2)誠實利人利己,做人應當誠實2023.6Topic:StudentUseofComputers(atleast150words)Averagenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweek1、上圖所示為1990、1995、2023年某校大學生使用計算機的情況,請描述其變化;2、請說明發(fā)生這些變化的因素(可從計算機的用途、價格或社會發(fā)展等方面加以說明);3、你認為目前大學生在計算機使用中有什么困難或問題。2023.1?Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampusYoushouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:
假設你是李明,請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信,內(nèi)容應涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價格、環(huán)境、服務等,可以是表揚,可以是批評建議,也可以兼而有之。January12th,2023
DearMr.President,
LiMing2023.6?Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealetter.SupposeyouareZhangYing.WritealettertoXiaoWang,aschoolmateofyourswhoisgoingtovisityouduringtheweek-longholiday.Youshouldwriteat(yī)least120wordsaccordingtothesuggestionsgivenbelowinChinese.1.表達歡迎?2.提出過度假安排的建議?3.提醒應注意的事項?ALettertoaSchoolmate
June23,2023?DearXiaoWang2023.1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.面試在求職過程中的作用。2.取得面試成功的因素:儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識、自信、實事求是……2023.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicIsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?Thefirstsentencehasalreadybeenwrittenforyou.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbasyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.很多認為有必要舉行英語口語考試,理由是……2.也有人持不批準見,……3.我的見解和打算2023.1Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducat(yī)ion.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.1.上大學的費用(tuitionandfees)可以通過多種途徑解決2.哪種途徑適合于我(說明理由)1999.6Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritepositiononthetopicReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyoucompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有人認為讀書要有選擇。2.有人認為應當博覽群書。3.我的見解。1999.1?Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritepositiononthetopic.Don'tHesitatetoSay"No"Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.別人請求幫助時,在什么情況下我們說"不"。2.為什么有些人在該說"不"的時候不說"不"。3.該說"不"時不說"不"的壞處。1998.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDo"LuckyNumbers"ReallyBringGoodLuck?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人認為某些數(shù)字會帶來好運。2.我認為數(shù)字和運氣無關,……1998.1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonFakeCommodities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(givenonChinese)below:1.假冒偽劣商品的危害。2.如何杜絕假冒偽劣商品。1997.6Directions:ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowritepositiononthetopicMyViewonJob-HoppingYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人喜歡始終從事一種工作,由于…2.有些人喜歡經(jīng)常更換工作,由于…3.我的見解。1997.1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHasteMakesWaste.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.為什么說"欲速則不達"。2.試舉例說明。1996.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthegrouphsbelow.HeaalthGainsinDevelopingCountriesLifeExpectancyInfantMortality1996.1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:WhyITaketheCollegeEnglishTestBand6,Youshouldbaseyoupositiononthefollowingoutline(giveninChinese).1.有人認為沒有必要參與大學英語六級考試2.我參與CET-6考試的理由Youmustwriteyourcompositioninnolessthan120wordsontheCompositionSheetandremembertowriteinreadablehandwriting.1995.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:ShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline(giveninChinese).1.有人認為放鞭炮是好事,為什么?2.有人認為放鞭炮是壞事,為什么?3.我的見解Youmustwriteyourcompositioninnolessthan120wordsontheCompositionSheetandremembertowriteinreadablehandwriting.1995.1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:MyViewontheNegat(yī)iveEffectsofSomeAdvertisements.Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline(giveninChinese).1.現(xiàn)在有些不良的商業(yè)廣告2.這些廣告的副作用和危害性3.我對這些廣告的態(tài)度Youmustwriteyourcompositioninnolessthan120wordsontheCompositionSheetandremembertowriteinreadablehandwriting.1994.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:TheCareerIPursue.Youmustwriteyourcompositioninnolessthan120wordsontheCompositionSheetandremembertowriteinreadablehandwriting.1994.1
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritepositiononthetopicWeNeedtoBroadenOurKnowledge.Youshouldwritenolessthan120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.科學技術是社會發(fā)展所不可缺少的2.社會科學和自然科學互相滲透3.現(xiàn)代大學生需要廣博的知識1993.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewOnOpportunity.Youmustbaseyourcompositiononthefollowinginstructions(giveinChinese):有的人認為機會是很少的,另一些人則認為人人都會有某種機會。你的見解如何?寫出你的理由并且適當舉例。在你的文章結尾處不要忘掉寫出你的結論。Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.Remembertowriteitneatly.1993.1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:MotorcyclesAndCityTraffic.Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline(giveninChinese).1.近年來中國城市的摩托車2.摩托車的優(yōu)點和缺陷3.你對我國城市中摩托車發(fā)展的前景的見解Youmustwriteyourcompositioninnolessthan120wordsontheCompositionSheetandremembertowriteinreadablehandwriting.1992.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicLookingForwardtotheTwenty-FirstCentury.YourcompositionshouldbebasedonyouranswertothefollowingquestionwritteninChinese:1.新世紀科技發(fā)展的前景如何?2.新的科學技術會給社會帶來什么好處?3.新的科學技術會帶來什么問題?4.你如何對待新世紀的挑戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)?Yourcompositionshouldbenoless120words.1992.1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthefollowinggraphwhichshowsthechangeinthenumberoffilm-goersandTV-watchersinacertaincity.Thetitleofthecompositionis:FilmIsGivingWaytoTV.Youshouldwritenolessthan120wordsforyourcompositionanditmustincludethefollowingideas(giveninChinese):1.電影觀眾越來越少2.電視觀眾越來越多,由于……3.然而,還是有人喜歡看電影,由于…….Quoteasfewfiguresaspossible.Remembertowriteyourcompositioninreadablehandwriting.1991.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthegraphbelow.ThesuggestedTitleis:CarAccidentsDeclininginWaltonCity.Rememberthatyourcompositionmustbewrittenaccordingtothefollowingoutline:1.Riseandfalloftherat(yī)eofcaraccidentsasindicatedbythegraph;2.Possiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity;3.Yourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120wordsandyoushouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.1991.1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionaboutManIstoSurvive.Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline:1.人類面臨的問題(如能源,疾病,污染,人口等)2.悲觀的見解(如人類將無法生存)3.人類的智慧出路Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.Besuretowriteyourcompositioninreadablehandwriting.1990.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritepositiononthetopic:HowtoSolvetheHousingProbleminBigCities.Foursuggestedsolutionstothisproblemarelistedbelow.Youaresupposedtowriteinfavourofonesuggestion(ONEonly)andagainstanother(ONEonly).Youshouldgiveyourreasonsinbothcases.Youshouldwritenolessthan120words.Remembertogiveashortintroductionandabriefconclusion.Writeyourcompositionclearly.四種也許解決住房問題的方案:1.多造高層建筑2.向地下發(fā)展3.建造衛(wèi)星城市4.疏散城市人口1990.1Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficaccordingtothefollowingOUTLINE.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.RememberthatthecontentsoftheOUTLINEshouldALLbeincludedinyourcomposition.ButyouarenotsupposedtotranslatetheOUTLINEwordforword.OUTLINE問題:城市交通擁擠解決方案(solution)1.建造(laydown)更多道路優(yōu)點:(1)減少街道擁擠限度?(2)加速車流(flowoftraffic)缺陷:占地過多2.開辟(openup)更多公共汽車線路優(yōu)點:減少自行車與小汽車缺陷:對部分人也許導致不方便結論:兩者結合題型分類(Classificationofeveryessay):一、第一種題型(對比觀點選擇題;EssayI):(一)題型特點:1、?大多為三點提綱,提綱模式一般為:有一些人……;尚有人……;我的見解或觀點;2、少數(shù)時候也會出現(xiàn)兩點提綱的情況,此時可以補充成三點提綱來寫作。(二)歷年真題:2023.6;1999.6;1998.6;1997.6;1996.1;1995.6;1993.6;1993.1二、第二種題型(社會熱點話題;EssayII):(一)題型特點:1、?應當為三點提綱,但是通常以兩點提綱出現(xiàn)的題目居多,所涉及主題為當時社會熱點;2、假如是兩點提綱,則補充成三點提綱寫作。3、通常模式為:現(xiàn)象概述--細節(jié)(因素、危害、方式等)--自我評論(二)歷年真題:2023.12;2023.12;2023.1;1999.1;1997.12;1995.1;三、第三種題型(圖標題;Report;EssayIII):(一)題型特點:1、?以圖表作為信息來源的寫作模式2、通常模式為:描述圖表--解釋因素--自我評論(二)歷年真題:2023.6;2023.6;1996.6;1992.1;1991.6四、第四種題型(書信題;EssayIV):(一)題型特點:1、寫書信(二)歷年真題:2023.6;2023.1;五、第五種題型(諺語格言題;EssayV):(一)題型特點:1、文章題目為一句格言或諺語2、通常模式為:解釋諺語--舉例論證--畫龍點睛(二)歷年真題:1997.1;文章主體句式(Body):一、原因結果
例:Thereareprobably+[many\several\three]+[resons\causes]+forthis+[dramatic\marked]+[increase\decline\change]+in...二、比較對照
例:[Thereisnodoubtthat\Obviously,]+ithas[its\both]+[drawbacks\disadvantages\negativeeffects]+[aswellas\and]+[merits\advantages\positiveeffects]...三、例證
例:Wemay+[cite\quote\mention\take\pointout]+[asingle\acommon\another]+exampleof...四、事實例:Noonecan+[deny\doubt\ignor\overlook]+the+[bare\hard\essential\profound]+factthat(yī)...五、數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查例:A+[recent\new\nationwide]+[study\survey\poll\investigation]+[conducted\taken]+[atafactory\byofficials]...六、權威(專家)例:Asone+[scientist\writer\doctor\psychologist]+[wrote\commented\pointedout\noted],...七、分析例:Itseems+[quite\almost]+[(un)likely\(im)possible\(in)credible\(in)conceivable]+that...2023.1Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteat(yī)least120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.1.上大學的費用(tuitionandfees)可以通過多種途徑解決2.哪種途徑適合于我(說明理由)Nowadays,tuitionandfeesforcollegearemuchhigherthaneverbefore.Howtofinanceyourcollegeeducationhasbecomeamatterofconcernformany.Youcandealwithinmanyways.Youcangetallofthemoneyfromyourparents.Youcanapplyforaloanespeciallysetupforcollegestudents.Youcanalsoacquirethemoneycompletelybyyourself,doingafull-timejobinsummerorwinterholiday.Inaddition,youcanaskyourparentsformostofitandearntherestinyoursparetimeincollege,bydoingapart-timejob.注:1.第一句引言。2.太多youcan反復使用,缺少變化Inmyopinion,Ipreferthelastway.Havingacquiredmostofthetuitionandfeesfrommyparents,Ineedn’tworrytoomuchaboutthemoneyandcanconcentrateonmystudy;ontheotherhand,apart-timejobinmysparetimemakesmycampus-lifecolorful.Icanmakealotoffriends,improvemyabilitiesandlearnlotsofknowledge.So,Ichoosethiswaytocovermytuitionandfees.缺陷:缺少連貫性HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation?PreviouslyinChina,auniversityeducationwasfundedbythegovernment.Thissituat(yī)ionischangingandstudentsmustnowfinancetheirowneducat(yī)ion.Asaresult,studentsarenowfacedwiththequestion“howtopayformycollegeeducation”?注:This指代前文Thereareseveralpossiblewaystoraisethemoneytopayforfeesandtuitions.Parentsareasourceforcollegefunding,asisthecasewithmoststudents.Scholarshipsarealsoavailableforstudentswithoutstandingacademicperformance.Becausescholarshipspetitive,theyarenotavailabletoeveryone.Studentscanalsotakeoutaloanfromthebank.Bankscanprovideloanstostudentswithoutcollateralforthosewhoneedthem.And,manystudentscantakeonpart-timejobstohelpfinancetheireducation.
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