偉大來(lái)源于平凡

第六篇文章Topic:BestIdeas"Thebestideasarisefromapassionateinterestincommonplacethings."SAMPLE-1(score6)Eventhemostbrilliantthinkers,fromSocratestoSatre,livelivesintime.Achildhood,anadolescence,anadulthood;thesearecommontomeandyouaswellasthegreatestwriters.Furthermore,manyofthegreatthinkersweesteeminourWesternculturelivedsomewhatuneventfullives.前面的鋪墊說(shuō)明偉人也和我們一樣，生活本身是平凡的。Whatdistinguishedtheirlifefromsayacommonlaborerwastheirwork.這里指出了是偉人的作品才使偉人成為偉人。這里看似是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的背景陳述，實(shí)際上作者的目的是簡(jiǎn)化討論的范圍，排除了時(shí)代背景的差異的因素。有了這樣的鋪墊，我們后面的論述就可以只關(guān)注偉人的作品，而不用討論時(shí)代背景。Therefore,whatprovidedthegristfortheirwork?Onemightsaythattheywerebrilliantandthisalonewassufficienttodistinguishtheirlivesfromthemasses.Intellectalonecannotdevisesituationsorthoughtsfromnowhere這里的背景鋪墊是排除了偉人本身智商的因素。從而再次使問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)化theremustbeabasisandthatbasisismostcommon,ifnotalways,observationofthecommon,ofthequotidian■本句話是主題句，清楚的點(diǎn)明了偉人依靠的究竟是什么東西，即對(duì)平常事務(wù)的觀察。Criticsofthisideamayarguethatthesethinkerswereproductsoffineeducationsandwerewellschooledintheclassics.This,theymaypointtoi,stherealbasisfortheirknowledge.提出了一種可能的反駁的看法，實(shí)際上通過(guò)后面的回答達(dá)到了使問(wèn)題再次簡(jiǎn)化的目的。Iwouldarguethatalthoughitmaybeabenefittostudyclassicsandbewellschooledindiversedisciplines,thesepursuitsmerelyrefineandhoneanabilityeachandeverypersonhas,theabilitytostudyhumannature.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)每一次作者在假設(shè)反對(duì)意見(jiàn)并回答時(shí)，總是先讓步的承認(rèn)一些，再提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。這樣的的做法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是顯而易見(jiàn)的，使得文章很有說(shuō)服力，因?yàn)槲恼逻@樣的結(jié)構(gòu)讓那些像挑刺反駁的人沒(méi)脾氣，同時(shí)在官方的awintro中要求我們要考慮哪些觀點(diǎn)會(huì)反對(duì)我們的觀點(diǎn)，并學(xué)會(huì)合理的解釋澄清，看來(lái)官方范文確實(shí)做至了awintro中的要求。Wherebesttostudyhumannaturethaninthedaytodayroutineeachoneofuscanwitnessinhimorherselforthosearoundus這里的后半句話的意思不就是obserbationofthecommon嗎，這里就是再次解釋了主題句。從這個(gè)開(kāi)頭我們可以看出來(lái)，核心是第一個(gè)棕紅色的句子，其他的都是為說(shuō)明這個(gè)句子而服務(wù)，目的是簡(jiǎn)化命題排除他因，只不過(guò)前面的是事實(shí)分析，后面的是假設(shè)反駁再回答。顯得很有多樣性。Iproposethatthetwobestdisciplinestounderstandthispowerofthecommonplaceanditsabilitytocauseagroundswellofthoughtarephilosophyandliterature.本句話統(tǒng)領(lǐng)了全文的論證，指出了要從哲學(xué)和文學(xué)兩個(gè)方面論證。這里也對(duì)應(yīng)awintro上的兩點(diǎn)，一是awintro告訴我們要把一個(gè)命題應(yīng)用到不同的領(lǐng)域去，看看具體是什么情況，第二是awintro告訴我們我們的觀眾是academicaudienee,所以選擇領(lǐng)域的時(shí)候就有講究了，最好要選擇學(xué)術(shù)化的，academicaudienee所熟識(shí)的，這樣才更容易產(chǎn)生共鳴。哲學(xué)和文學(xué)就是大學(xué)里很重要的課程阿。Everyschoolofphilosophy,fromtheGreekstoourday,shareacommonmissionorintentandthatistounderstandandexplainhumanexistence,withallofitsconcomitantfeatures.本段后面是論證哲學(xué)家（分兩類哲學(xué)家進(jìn)行討論）是通過(guò)平常事物來(lái)了解自身的。這里是第一個(gè)分支論點(diǎn)。這句話指出了所有的哲學(xué)流派的共同點(diǎn)都是要解釋人類存在。Generallyspeaking,theGreekphilosophers,epitomizedinAristotle,attemptedtosetdownrulesforhumanbehaviorfoundedonlogic.Theserulesappliednotonlytotherareformsofhumanbehaviorbutlargelyfocusedonthemoremundanemotionsofdailylife.ManyofAristotle'sruleswerebasedonhisobservationsofothersaswellashimself.到這里為止論證了蘇派哲學(xué)家們通過(guò)觀察平常的事物來(lái)了解人類的存在。Contrastthisventurewiththeexistentialistsofourcenturywhoattemptedtolookbehindtherealmotivationsofhumanbehavioraswellunderstandman'srelationtotheUniverse.Todothis,whatdidthesephilosophersdo?Theystudiedthosearoundthem;theysubmergedthemselvesinthecommonplace,incitieswithhordesofanonymouspeople.到這里為止論證了存在主義哲學(xué)家們也使通過(guò)把自己置身于平常事務(wù)中去才去探索人類的存在。這里和上一小層構(gòu)成了兩個(gè)不同的時(shí)間序列，即古代的哲學(xué)家到現(xiàn)代的哲學(xué)家，這樣使得證明更加有力。同學(xué)們這里有一點(diǎn)可能是大家不知道的，根據(jù)我查的資料，所謂的existentialist就是指近代的哲學(xué)家，他們中的代表人物就是sartre，而上一層次所說(shuō)的greekphilosophers指的是經(jīng)典的古代的哲學(xué)家，他們中的代表人物有Socrates，發(fā)現(xiàn)什么了嗎？原來(lái)這兩個(gè)人物就是開(kāi)頭的第一句話提出來(lái)的！人家官方范文是如此完美的用開(kāi)頭暗示了全文的結(jié)構(gòu)，又是如此充分的用論證證明了開(kāi)頭。由此我不得不想起來(lái)新東方某老師分析本文開(kāi)頭的時(shí)候說(shuō)到“這開(kāi)頭就是嚇唬人的，提出兩個(gè)人名顯牛b,后面壓根沒(méi)有提到有關(guān)Socrates，sartre兩人的情況”，同學(xué)們，是沒(méi)有提到嗎？！還是這位新東方老師沒(méi)有看出來(lái)呢。我想說(shuō)的只是，新東方老師說(shuō)的不是真理，有錯(cuò)的時(shí)候，而且有的時(shí)候會(huì)誤導(dǎo)大家，所以只能參考，最重要的就是ets官方給的所有的材料，只有這些材料弄透了才是最有價(jià)值的。Whiletheexistentialists,aswellthosephilosophersbefore,exploitedtheiruncommoneducationandintellect,thebasisfortheirmovementwasordinaryhumanbehaviorandexistenee.最后解釋了一下盡管這些思想家工作不平凡，但是最本質(zhì)的來(lái)源都是平凡的。Finally,literatureissimilartophilosophyinthatitseekstoexplainandunderstandhumanbehaviorandthereforerootedinthecommonplace.本段論證文學(xué)的方面。首先在第一句就指出了和哲學(xué)有相同之處，從而在后面就只討論不同之處，即文學(xué)相對(duì)于哲學(xué)的特點(diǎn)。這樣的論證手法是很好的，避免了論證的重復(fù)，使得論證更為有效。Nevertheless,itsrelativestrengthoverphilosophyisliterature'sabilitytoemotionallyandspirituallymovethereaderthroughtheuseofcontrivedsituationsandfictionalcharacters.Itcandothiswheneventhecentralthemeofapiecemaybelovebetweenamanandawoman（monplace）.第一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是文學(xué)由于可以任意創(chuàng)作所以有更強(qiáng)的感染力，能使得讀者更為感動(dòng)，尤其是涉及愛(ài)情的方面。Literaturealsodistinguishesitselffromphilosophyinthatthebreadthofthefictionmaybehuge.Theplotandthedetailcanbequiteordinaryorfanatastic.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthecentralthemesofallliterature,whetherordinaryorfantastic,dealwithhumanbeingsandtheproblemstheyfindintheworld,somethingwhichweallshare.第二點(diǎn)的意思比較不容易理解，文學(xué)還有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是特別長(zhǎng)，盡管文學(xué)作品在細(xì)節(jié)上可能是有些幻想的色彩，但是從中心思想上來(lái)說(shuō)，一定是來(lái)源于人們平常生活的思想，一定是要反映某些普通的事物。打個(gè)比方來(lái)說(shuō)，魯迅先生的作品中的血饅頭存在嗎？其內(nèi)涵是為了表達(dá)對(duì)于生活中的事物的感想，從中心思想上來(lái)說(shuō)還是反映真實(shí)生活的。Inconclusion,Ihopeithasbeenshownthatapassionatedesiretounderstandandexplainhumanbehavior,thesignificanceofourexistenceanddealconstructivelywiththechallengesoflifearethecenterpiecesofatleastintwoofthemostinfluentialareasinhumanthought.Whatismorecommonplacethantheexistenceofman.最后一段不僅是總結(jié)了前文，而且還在境界上上了一個(gè)層次。所謂平凡的事情，不只是人類的存在本身，更是理解我們的行為、存在的意義、迎接生活的挑戰(zhàn)（三者的順序是先后順序）。作者在這里對(duì)文章進(jìn)行了一個(gè)升華，將平凡的定義擴(kuò)大了一下。從而使不僅使文章境界上了一層，而且使文章更加不容易被反駁。（這三項(xiàng)都是一般人認(rèn)為的很高的境界，如果他們都是來(lái)源于平凡的，那一切的牛b的東東都是來(lái)源于平凡的了）COMMENTARYThisessaysustainsawell-focusedandinsightfulanalysisoftheissue.Beginningwiththeobservationthatthegreatestthinkers"livelivesintime,"thewriterreasonsthatthegreatthinkersdeveloptheirideasthroughobservationofcommonoccurrencesandeverydayreality.Oneofthestrengthsofthisessayisthewayinwhichitthoughtfullyconsiderstheopposingclaim:thatgreatthinkersareprimarilytheproductoffineeducation,andthat,being"wellschooledintheclassics,"theyarefarremovedfromeverydaylife.Thewriternotesthat,whileit"maybeabenefittostudyclassics,"itisneverthelesstruethatbeing"wellschooledindiversedisciplines"willsimply"refineandhoneanabilitytostudyhumannature"initseverydaymanifestations.Thisobservationisindicativeofthewriter'ssophisticatedgraspofthecomplexitiesoftheissue.Thewritergoesontodemonstratetheintellectual"powerofthecommonplace"byskillfullydevelopingtwocompellingexamplesfromacademiclife:philosophyandliterature.Aristotleiscitedasaphilosopherwhostudiedthe"moremundanemotionsofdailylife."Similarly,thewriterexplains,twentieth-centuryexistentialists,inattemptingtounderstandman'srelationtotheuniverse,foundinspirationinthecommonplace.Anotherstrengthinthisessayisthewayitintroducesanideaandthenbuildsonthatideaastheargumentunfolds.Forinstance,inadiscussionoftheexistentialistsinthesecondparagraph,thewriterexpandsonanearlierpointabout"thinkers"ingeneral:theexistentialistsmayhave"exploitedtheiruncommoneducationandintellect,"butthe"basisfortheirmovementwasordinaryhumanbehaviorandexistence."Itislogicalconnectionssuchasthesethatmakeforacoherentandwell-focuseddiscussion.Thewriteruseslanguagefluentlyandcontrolssophisticatedsyntaxthroughouttheessay:"Iwouldarguethatalthoughitmaybeabenefittostudyclassicsandbewellschooledindiversedisciplines,thesepursuitsmerelyrefineandhoneanabilityeachandeverypersonhas,theabilitytostudyhumannature."Thisisnotaflawlesspaper:wordchoice,forexample,isnotalwaysprecise.Buttheessay'scogentanalysis,effectiveorganization,andsophisticatedsentencestructuremeritasolidscoreof6.以下文字為在網(wǎng)上找到的前輩牛人對(duì)于本文的分析，供大家參考由題目關(guān)鍵詞引出話題Eventhemostbrilliantthinkers,fromSocratestoSartre,livelivesintime.Achildhood,anadolescence,anadulthood;thesearcommontomeandyouaswellasthegreatestwriters.（抓住關(guān)鍵詞common。從普通人到大人物，一般到特殊遞進(jìn)Furthermore,manyofthegreatthinkersweesteeminourWesternculture（語(yǔ)言北美化）livedsomewhatuneventfullives.Whatdistinguishedtheirlifefromsayacommonlaborerwastheirwork..反問(wèn)引出論據(jù)Therefore,whatprovidedthegristfortheirwork?Onemightsaythattheywerebrilliantandthisalonewassufficienttodistinguishtheirlivesfromthemasses.Intellectalonecannotdevisesituationsorthoughtsfromnowhere;theremustbeabasisandthatbasisismostcommon,讓步ifnotalways,observationofthecommon,ofthequotidian.Criticsofthisideamayarguethatthesethinkerswereproductsoffineeducationsandwerewellschooledintheclassics.This,theymaypointto,istherealbasisfortheirknowledge.分析提出論點(diǎn)Iwouldagreethatalthoughitmaybeabenefittostudyclassicsandbewellschooledindiversedisciplines,thesepursuitsmerelyrefineandhoneanabilityeachandeverypersonhas,theabilitytostudyhumannature.Wherebesttostudyhumannaturethaninthedaytodayroutineeachoneofuscanwitnessinhimorherselforthosearoundus?本段由題目引出論據(jù)最后作者提出觀點(diǎn)。論據(jù)是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，由一般到特殊。讓步句使論據(jù)更有說(shuō)服力（最好的方式理解關(guān)鍵詞commonplace引出分論點(diǎn)philosophyandliterature）Iproposethatthetwobestdisciplinestounderstandthispowerofthecommonplaceanditsabilitytocauseagroundswellofthoughtarephilosophyandliterature.（先講philosophy）Everyschoolofphilosophy,fromtheGreekstoourday,shareacommonmissionorintentandthatistounderstandandexplainhumanexistence,withallofitsconcomitantfeatures.Generallyspeaking,（古今對(duì)比）theGreekphilosophers,epitomizedinAristotle,attemptedtosetdownrulesforhumanbehaviorfoundedonlogic.Theserulesappliednotonlytotherareformsofhumanbehaviorbutlargelyfocusedonthemoremundanemotionsofdailylife.ManyofAristotle'sruleswerebasedonhisobservationsofothersaswellashimself.Contrastthisventurewiththeexistentialistsofourcenturywhoattemptedtolookbehindtherealmotivationsofhumanbehavioraswellunderstandman'srelationtotheUniverse由問(wèn)題反問(wèn)，提出哲學(xué)家怎么做的Todothis,whatdidthesephilosophersdo?Theystudiedthosearoundthem;theysubmergedthemselvesinthecommonplace,incitieswithhordesofanonymouspeople.Whiletheexistentialists,aswellthosephilosophersbefore,exploitedtheiruncommoneducationandintellect,thebasisfortheirmovementwasordinaryhumanbehaviorandexistence?哲學(xué)也來(lái)源于生活來(lái)源于人類的活動(dòng)和存在（后講literature）Finally,literatureissimilartophilosophyinthatitseekstoexplainandunderstandhumanbehaviorandthereforerootedinthecommonplace.轉(zhuǎn)折，又有不同的地方Nevertheless,itsrelativestrengthoverphilosophyisliterature'sabilitytoemotionallyandspirituallymovethereaderthroughtheuseofcontrivedsituationsandfictionalcharacters.Itcandothiswheneventhecentralthemeofapiecemaybelovebetweenamanandawoman（monplace）.Literaturealsodistinguishesitselffromphilosophyinthatthebreadthofthefictionmaybehuge.Theplotandthedetailcanbequiteordinaryorfantastic.話題又轉(zhuǎn)回來(lái)However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthecentralthemesofallliterature,whetherordinaryorfantastic,dealwithhumanbeingsandtheproblemstheyfindintheworld,somethingwhichweallshare說(shuō)文學(xué)也是和人的平常生活息息相關(guān)的結(jié)論Inconclusion,Ihopeithasbeenshownthatapassionatedesiretounderstandandexplainhumanbehavior,thesignificanceofourexistenceanddealconstructivelywiththechallengesoflifearethecenterpiecesofatleastintwoofthemostinfluentialareasinhumanthought.Whatismorecommonplacethantheexistenceofman.總結(jié)。用另外表述說(shuō)philosophy和literature,表明人的活動(dòng)和人類的存在都是平常的題目:"Thebestideasarisefromapassionateinterestincommonplacethings."對(duì)題目的分析：Becausethisclaimabouttheoriginof"thebestideas"isverybroad,youwillneedtothinkabouthowtofocusyouranalysiswithrespecttothethreekeyphrasesoftheclaim.Youmightbeginbyconsideringeachkeyphraseanditsrelationshiptotheothertwo■大家請(qǐng)注意itsrelationshiptotheothertwo這點(diǎn)對(duì)中國(guó)考生是難點(diǎn)，也是大家習(xí)慣忽略的問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)注意看以下三點(diǎn)（也就是issue題目傳遞給你需要你重點(diǎn)考慮的信息）：1：Bestideas--Whatkindofideascanbeidentifiedas"thebest"?Dotheyhavedifferentcharacteristicsindifferentfields,suchasscience,politics,education,andart?看到后面的：scienee,politics,education,andart沒(méi)有？對(duì)了，這幾個(gè)方面只要你有想到，那你的issue就很有普遍性了（ets很喜歡有代表性的，普遍性的東西喲），在以后大家對(duì)issue的論述一定要想到：這個(gè)問(wèn)題在science（academicfields）,politics,education,art,andnormal（customandvalue）會(huì)有什么作用，有什么差別等等。還有一點(diǎn)：這種best極端的詞岀現(xiàn)在題目里要好好想想，only岀現(xiàn)時(shí)也一樣。2：Passionateinterest--Whatistherelationshipbetween"passionateinterest"andqualityofideas?好的，知道這個(gè)issue的complexity在哪里了吧（通常issue都會(huì)涉及到幾個(gè)概念的關(guān)系，而這個(gè)關(guān)系恰恰就是重點(diǎn)，需要仔細(xì)揣摩的，大家千萬(wàn)要好好練習(xí)這方面的論述喲。Couldathoroughandcarefulprogramofinvestigationbeevideneeofa"passionateinterest"?看到嗎?連在ets的題目分析里，你也可以學(xué)到很多東西，如舉例論證加疑問(wèn)句。Notethattheclaimisnotthatapassionateinterestalwaysgivesrisetoideasthatareamongthebest,butthatthebestideasalwaysderivefromapassionateinterestinsomething.喲，這里有點(diǎn)充分非必要條件的味道。大家看看。Thebestideas來(lái)自passionateinterest■但是passionateinterest不一定可以帶來(lái)thebestideas■大家要小心這點(diǎn)喲。3：Commonplacethings--Whatistherelationshipbetweeninterestin"commonplacethings"andthebestideas?這點(diǎn)比較容易想得到。Howcloselyconnectedtocommonplacethingsarethemostimportantideas?Areideasaboutordinarythingsimportantbecausetheyarewidelyapplicable,oraresomeveryabstractideasimportantbecausetheyexpressfundamentaltruthsaboutcommonplacethings?這里強(qiáng)調(diào)了原因，不容易考慮到。讓我們來(lái)看看這個(gè)原因有什么用（看范文）。好的，如果你看到這個(gè)題目，可以做岀以上分析，那你對(duì)于一般的issue題目在理解上就沒(méi)多大問(wèn)題了，當(dāng)然，這個(gè)題目有點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單。呵呵。Nowyouareinastrongpositiontoorganizeyourthoughtsanddecideifthereasonsandexamplesyou'veidentifiedsupporttheclaimasstated,supportanopposingpointofview,orsupportapositionthatqualifiesorredefinestheclaiminsomewa看到?jīng)]有，你的文章可以論述的角度被給岀了。記?。喝魏蝘ssue,要有鮮明的position是第一重要的，對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)（中國(guó)考生issue一般都比較水，所以要先讓別人看懂）Rememberthatyouarefreetotakeanddevelopanypositionyouwish,solongasyouconsiderthecomplexitiesoftheissueanduserelevantreasonsand/orexamples看到or沒(méi)有？這里我不反對(duì)多舉例子的論證方式。但是，你的例子一定要詳細(xì)一點(diǎn)（說(shuō)岀原因和過(guò)程來(lái)，別光說(shuō)什么是什么樣的就說(shuō)明了觀點(diǎn)，記?。耗闶褂煤美邮且フf(shuō)服別人，而不是簡(jiǎn)單的告訴別人這個(gè)東西是這樣的。在你論述原因和過(guò)程的同時(shí)就已經(jīng)把reason包括進(jìn)去了）。tosupportyourviews.6分范文Eventhemostbrilliantthinkers,fromSocratestoSatre，很有代表性的例子livelivesintime.Achildhood,anadolescenee,anadulthood;thesearecommontomeandyouaswellasthegreatestwriters.Furthermore,manyofthegreatthinkersweesteeminourWesternculturelivedsomewhatunevetfullives.Whatdistinguishedtheirlifefromsayacommonlaborerwastheirwork.Therefore,whatprovidedthegristfortheirwork?反問(wèn)方式提岀主題，多有邏輯啊，漂亮的很。很難學(xué)，悠著點(diǎn)。Onemightsaythattheywerebrilliantandthisalonewassufficienttodistinguishtheirlivesfromthemasses.記住，這是一種論證方式喲，先介紹一種反方觀點(diǎn)，在反駁它來(lái)引岀自己的觀點(diǎn)或是加強(qiáng)自己的觀點(diǎn)。Intellectalonecannotdevisesituationsorthoughtsfromnowhere;theremustbeabasisandthatbasisismostcommon呵呵，這不是岀來(lái)了，greatest和common的聯(lián)系嗎？ifnotalways,observationofthecommon,ofthequotidian.Criticsofthisideamayarguethatthesethinkerswereproductsoffineeducationsandwerewellschooledintheclassic^部又來(lái)了一種反方觀點(diǎn)，再駁斥嗎？值得學(xué)習(xí)呀。This,theymaypointto,istherealbasisfortheirknowledge.Iwouldagruethatalthoughitmaybeabenefittostudyclassicsandbewellschooledindiversedisciplines,thesepursuitsmerelyrefineandhoneanabilityeachandeverypersonhas,theabilitytostudyhumannature.這個(gè)humannature不就是最最common的嗎？Wherebesttostudyhumannaturethaninthedaytodayroutineeachoneofuscanwitnessinhimorherselforthosearoundus.這里要說(shuō)的是，這個(gè)可不是簡(jiǎn)單的開(kāi)頭，人家在介紹背景的同時(shí)，反駁了兩種觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)應(yīng)岀自己的觀點(diǎn)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，作者很有目地的覆蓋了thecomplexityofthisissue,請(qǐng)大家好好體會(huì)。當(dāng)然，唯一美中不足的是，他沒(méi)有考慮thepassionateinterests.Iproposethatthetwobestdisciplinestounderstandthispowerofthecommonplaceanditsabilitytocauseagroundswellofthoughtarephilosophyandliterature.有代表性吧？看看人家是怎么舉例子的,再比較一下自己那些干巴巴的例子,看岀差距了吧。Everyschoolofphilosophy,fromtheGreekstoourday,shareacommon注意common喲missionorintentandthatistounderstandandexplainhumanexistence,withallofitsconcommitantfeatures.Generallyspeaking,theGreekphilosophers,epitomizedinAristotle,attemptedtosetdownrulesforhumanbehaviorfoundedonlogic.Theserulesappliednotonlytotherareformsofhumanbehaviorbutlargelyfocusedonthemoremundanemotionsofdailylife.很具體喲。ManyofAristotle'sruleswerebasedonhisobservationsofothersaswellashimself.主題岀來(lái)了Contrastthisventurewiththeexistentialistsofourcenturywhoattemptedtolookbehindtherealmotivationsofhumanbehavioraswellunderstandman'srelationtotheUniverse.Todothis,whatdidthesephilosophersdo?Theystudiedthosearoundthem;看主題岀來(lái)吧，greatidea的基礎(chǔ)都是commonplaces啊。theysubmergedthemselvesinthecommonplace,incitieswithhordesofannonymouspeople.Whiletheexistentialists,aswellthosephilosophersbefore,exploitedtheiruncommoneduationandintellect,順便又反駁一下反方觀點(diǎn)，主體太集中了，羨慕，嫉妒thebasisfortheirmovementwasordinaryhumanbehaviorandexistenee■看，舉例子的過(guò)程就是論證的過(guò)程，好好感受6分作文的魅力吧。Finally,literatureissimilartophilosophyinthatitseekstoexplainandunderstandhumanbehaviorandthereforerootedinthecommonplac例子間都有比較，太難，不提倡。Nevertheless,itsrelativestrengthoverphilosophyisliterature'sabilitytoemotionallyandspirituallymovethereaderthroughtheuseofcontrivedsituationsandfictionalcharacters.Itcandothiswheneventhecentralthemeofapiecemaybelovebetweenamanandawoman(monplace).哦，love多有代表性啊，誰(shuí)都需要love，呵呵Literaturealsodistinguishesitselffromphilosophyinthatthebreadthofthefictionmaybehuge.Theplotandthedetailcanbequiteordinaryorfanatastic.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthecentralthemesofallliterature,whetherordinaryorfantastic,dealwithhumanbeingsandtheproblemstheyfindintheworld,somethingwhichweallshare.很累了，就分析到這吧，這段希望大家補(bǔ)充。Inconclusion,Ihopeithasbeenshownthatapassionatedesiretounderstandandexplainhumanbehavior,thesignificanceofourexistenceanddealconstructivelywiththechallangesoflifearethecenterpiecesofatleastintwoofthemostinfluentialareasinhumanthought結(jié)尾樸實(shí)無(wú)華，值得學(xué)習(xí)Whatismorecommonplacethantheexistenceofman.分析1.complexity:這是本文最大的strength,先提論點(diǎn)+繞道論點(diǎn)的反面進(jìn)行反面論證+例子1+在例子1中再次反面論證+例子2+總結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)上簡(jiǎn)潔明了，內(nèi)容上有深度2.insightfulreasons:#1從反面論證的角度證明總論點(diǎn)Iwouldarguethatalthoughitmaybeabenefittostudyclassicsandbewellschooledindiversedisciplines,thesepursuitsmerelyrefineandhoneanabilityeachandeverypersonhas,theabilitytostudyhumannature.#2沒(méi)有分析的例子不是好例子，特別像本段中兩個(gè)哲學(xué)家(一古一今)的例子，例子的寓意不是很明顯，為哲學(xué)家的名頭造了勢(shì)，分析了哲學(xué)家的研究范圍，千呼萬(wàn)喚的分析終于岀來(lái)了：Theserulesappliednotonlytotherareformsofhumanbehaviorbutlargelyfocusedonthemoremundanemotionsofdailylife.ManyofAristotle'sruleswerebasedonhisobservationsofothersaswellashimself...Todothis,whatdidthesephilosophersdo?Theystudiedthosearoundthem;theysubmergedthemselvesinthecommonplace,incitieswithhordesofanonymouspeople.Whiletheexistentialists,aswellthosephilosophersbefore,exploitedtheiruncommoneducationandintellect,thebasisfortheirresearchwasordinaryhumanbehaviorandexistence。把一個(gè)意思用幾種方式說(shuō)了4遍：1%notonlyto...butlargelyfocusedon...2%werebasedon...aswellas...3%theystudied...theysubmergedthemselves...4%Whiletheexistentialists...thebasisfortheir...persuasiveexamples:Aristotle和existentialists的例子，一般人不會(huì)從這個(gè)角度發(fā)掘題材，可見(jiàn)題材不在多，在于發(fā)掘well-focused:1#.開(kāi)頭提供了一種很好的結(jié)構(gòu)“背景陳訴”+”提問(wèn)“+“困惑與爭(zhēng)議“；2#分論點(diǎn)+分論點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步闡訴(開(kāi)頭的fromSocratestoSatre;fromGreekstoourday;下面將要介紹的Aristotle和existentialists對(duì)應(yīng)的很工整)+引岀Aristotle+分析+引岀existentialists+分析3#分論點(diǎn)。下面的分析針對(duì)literature和philosophy的區(qū)別來(lái)入手，說(shuō)服力不強(qiáng)，也很牽強(qiáng)，改寫如下：Finally,literatureissimilartophilosophyinthatitseekstoexplainandunderstandhumanbehaviorandthereforerootedinthecommonplace.Anavalancheofgreatliteratureworksexploredeeplytheinnerofordinarycharacters.ThegreatAmericannovelistMarkTwainissometimescalledaregionalistforhisvividportrayalsofconventionalSoutherncharacteranddialect.IllustriousAmericanpoetWaltWhitman'spoemsweretraditionalinformandconventionalinsentiment.AmericanwriterEugeneO'Neill'sLongDay'sJourneyintoNightidsocnoensoifdheirsemostautobiographicalplays.ItdepictsonecommondayinthelifeoftheTyronefamily,eachmemberofwhichistroubledbyfailedambitionsandfrustrateddreams.Meanwhile,thoseliteratureworksofuncommoncontentarealsolargelypertinenttodailylife.ExtremelypopularwiththereadingpublicofDefoe'sday,RobinsonCrusoeisforthemodernreaderanexcellentintroductiontothewayoflifeoftheaverage17th-centuryEnglishman.Defoefrequentlyusesimagesdrawnfromeverydaylifeandfromnature,imagesthatunderscoreRobinsonCrusoe'smiddle-classoriginsandtastes.ThedramatispersonaeAlexanderSelkirkimprovisesmanyofthecomfortstowhichhewasaccustomedinEnglandandcontrivehissurroundingssimilartothecommonplaceworld.Thus,albeitthesubjectofthenovelisrather"strangesurprising",itsstoryscenariosstemlargelyfromtheregularworld.4#結(jié)尾well-organized:歸納式論證法，總分總結(jié)構(gòu)ETS評(píng)語(yǔ)中提的最多的是他的反面論證,并且此文的反證前后照應(yīng).SAMPLE-1(score6)Eventhemostbrilliantthinkers,fromSocratestoSatre,livelivesintime.Achildhood,anadolescence,anadulthood;thesearecommontomeandyouaswellasthegreatestwriters.］開(kāi)頭就很不一般，三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)并歹U很有氣勢(shì)］［Furthermore,］manyofthegreatthinkerswe［esteem］inourWesternculturelivedsomewhat［uneventful］lives.Whatdistinguishedtheirlifefromsayacommonlaborerwastheirwork.］有見(jiàn)地，從開(kāi)頭和題目有聯(lián)系了］Therefore,whatprovidedthegristfortheirwork?［問(wèn)句，也是弓I岀自己觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)好辦法哦］Onemightsaythattheywerebrilliantandthisalonewassufficienttodistinguishtheirlivesfromthemasses.Intellectalonecanno［devisesituationsorthoughtsfromnowhere;theremustbeabasisandthatbasisismostcommon,ifnotalways,observationofthecommon,ofthequotidian［這個(gè)句子直接指岀了問(wèn)題所在，一針見(jiàn)血。長(zhǎng)句使用的也很棒哈］Criticsofthisideamayarguethatthesethinkerswereproductsoffineeducationsandwerewellschooledintheclassics［前前后后的考慮的還真是全面?。軹his,theymaypointto,istherealbasisfortheirknowledge.Iwouldarguethatalthoughitmaybeabenefittostudyclassicsandbewellschooledindiversedisciplines,thes［pursuitsmerelyrefineandhone］anabilityeachandeverypersonhas,theabilitytostudyhumannature.Wherebesttostudyhumannaturethaninthedaytodayroutineeachoneof

uscanwitnessinhimorherselforthosearoundus.［這個(gè)開(kāi)頭段真是詳實(shí)啊，引子-問(wèn)句-他人觀點(diǎn)-自己的觀點(diǎn)-理清誤解-總結(jié)，每個(gè)方面都考慮的很周到，不得不佩服思路的清晰。另外值得學(xué)習(xí)的是，句子的多樣化，長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，很不單調(diào)，為什么這個(gè)段落觀點(diǎn)內(nèi)容這么多，卻不顯得亂，我想可能就在于它句式的靈活吧，要讓句子之間不顯得零散，除了使用連接詞外，還可以考慮使用一些短句，如文中的那種小問(wèn)句，讓前后的內(nèi)容連接起來(lái)。］［關(guān)于這段的論證方法，也是有評(píng)論的：Anotherstrengthinthisessayisthewayitintroducesanideaandthenbuildsonthatideaastheargumentunfolds.］Iproposethatthetwobestdisciplinestounderstandthispowerofthecommonplaceanditsabilitytocauseagroundswellofthoughtarephilosophyandliterature.］上面是說(shuō)理，這里舉例，恩，關(guān)于這個(gè)有評(píng)論：Thewritergoesontodemonstratetheintellectual"powerofthecommonplace"byskillfullydevelopingtwocompellingexamplesfromacademiclife:philosophyandliterature.］Everyschoolofphilosophy,fromtheGreekstoourday,shar［acommonmissionor