高中英語人教版Unit1Art unit1sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虛擬語氣(Ⅰ)閱讀下列句子，并體會(huì)黑體部分的用法1．Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered，noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.2．Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique，wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.3．Therearescoresofmodernartstyles，butwithouttheImpressionists，manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.一、語氣的分類語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法或態(tài)度。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣三類。1．陳述語氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每個(gè)問題都有兩面性。2．祈使語氣表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。Pleaselendmeyourdictionary.請(qǐng)把你的字典借給我用一下。3．虛擬語氣用來表示所說的不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望或建議等。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。IfIwereabird，Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。二、條件句中的虛擬語氣虛擬條件句分為三類：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況；與過去事實(shí)相反的情況；與將來事實(shí)相反的情況。構(gòu)成如下：假設(shè)情況條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be的過去式常用were)would/should/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反①過去式②should＋動(dòng)詞原形③wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形would/should/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成式(had＋過去分詞)would/should/might/could＋have＋過去分詞Ifhehadtimenow，hewould(could，might)gowithyou.要是他現(xiàn)在有時(shí)間，他會(huì)和你一起去的。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier，youwould(could，might)havemetthefamoussinger.如果你早來幾分鐘，你就會(huì)見到那個(gè)著名歌手了。(與過去事實(shí)相反)Ifitweretosnowthisevening，theywouldnotgoout.如果今天晚上下雪，他們就不會(huì)出去。(與將來事實(shí)相反)三、幾種特殊的虛擬條件從句1．省略if形式的虛擬語氣在if虛擬條件句中，若省略if，則將should，were，had前置，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝句式。HadIworkedharder，Iwouldhavesucceeded.如果我當(dāng)時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，我就會(huì)成功的。Wereshemydaughter(Shouldshebemydaughter)，Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.如果她是我的女兒的話，我就不讓她出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)了。2．混合虛擬語氣若主句和從句所表示的時(shí)間不一致，就構(gòu)成了混合虛擬語氣或錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣，此時(shí)，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)形式根據(jù)實(shí)際的時(shí)間概念來定。Ifshehadfollowedthedoctor'swords，shewouldfeelbetternow.如果當(dāng)初她聽從了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了。3．含蓄虛擬語氣有時(shí)候假設(shè)的條件不是通過條件從句表達(dá)，而是隱含在某些介詞短語中，如without...，連詞butfor，otherwise，or等中。Withoutmusic(＝Iftherewerenomusic)，theworldwouldbedull.世界若無音樂將會(huì)很枯燥。I'mreallyverybusy，otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotoHangzhouwithyou.(otherwise＝ifIwerenotsobusy)我真的是太忙了，不然我就會(huì)同你一道去杭州了。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Ifyou(be)here，youwouldseethefamousstar.2．(be)ittorain，thecropswouldbesaved.3．Butfortherain，we(finish)theworkalready.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33100010】4．Ifithadrainedlastnight，theground(be)wetnow.5．Ifyou(take)yourteacher'sadvice，youwouldnothavefailedtheexamlastweek.【答案】havefinishedbetakenⅡ.完成句子1．——瑪麗看上去很疲倦?！悄惆l(fā)高燒，也會(huì)這樣。－Marylookstired.－Sowouldyou．2．要是他現(xiàn)在有空，他就會(huì)幫我們了。If，hewouldhelpus.3．要是他學(xué)過電腦，我們就雇用他在這兒工作了。he，wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.4．假如沒有電，就沒有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。Butforelectricity，nomodernindustry.5．如果明天下雨，我們就不得不取消游覽西湖。Wereitraintomorrow，wecalloffourtourofWestLake.【答案】youhadahighfever2．hewerefree3．If；hadlearnedaboutcomputer/Had；learnedaboutcomputer4．therewouldbe5．wouldhaveto應(yīng)用文寫作——建議信建議信是書信的一種，屬應(yīng)用文體。建議信是對(duì)收信人就某一問題提出看法、建議或忠告。建議信有可能是寫給個(gè)人，就對(duì)方遇到的某個(gè)問題提出自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)；也可能是寫給某個(gè)組織或機(jī)構(gòu)，就改進(jìn)其服務(wù)等提出建議或忠告。一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)建議信一般采取“三段式結(jié)構(gòu)”。首段：表明意圖，陳述事由。主體段落：應(yīng)該首先肯定對(duì)方的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后再寫需要改進(jìn)的地方或針對(duì)具體情況提出具體建議或忠告。通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或tobegin/startwith，then，later，lastbutnotleast等依次陳述建議。結(jié)尾段：禮貌地總結(jié)或表示期盼回復(fù)。二、注意事項(xiàng)1．注意結(jié)構(gòu)。通常以“三段式”結(jié)構(gòu)行文。2．客觀地提出建議，針對(duì)對(duì)方的問題，給出你的觀點(diǎn)。3．語言要委婉、精煉，同時(shí)要簡(jiǎn)潔，表達(dá)清楚。[亮點(diǎn)句式]1．建議信(首段)常用句式Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsabout/concerning...Youhaveaskedmeformyadviceon...，andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.Itismypleasuretoofferyousomeadviceon...2．建議信中段常用句式Iwouldliketosuggest/recommendthat...IfIwereyou，Iwould...Itseemstomethatyoucould...Inmyopinion，itwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions.Ithinkitwouldbemorebeneficialifyoucould...Whenitcomestosuchasituation，Iwouldliketosuggestthatyoucan...Iwonderifyouhaveconsideredthefollowing...Asto...Isuggestthatyoushould...AsfarasIamconcerned.../Inmyopinion...Foronething...foranother...Tobeginwith...Besides...Lastbutnotleast...3．建議信尾段常用句式Intheend，Iwillbeverygladifyoufindmysuggestionsuseful.Thanksforreadingmyhopeyouwillconsidermysuggestions.Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount/consideration.Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestionspractical/useful/helpful.Pleaseletmeknowwithouthesitationifyouneedanyhelp.[寫作任務(wù)]假定你是李華，你的朋友張柯發(fā)e-mail給你，就買什么樣的英語詞典想聽聽你的建議。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列提示，用英語給他回一封80詞左右的e-mail，推薦他買電子詞典。1．方便、快捷2.內(nèi)置多部詞典、能發(fā)音3．能儲(chǔ)存資料4.其他……[審題謀篇]體裁建議信話題選購(gòu)詞典時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱第二人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．首先2．方便做某事3．查閱(資料)4．遇到5．對(duì)……有幫助/有用6．此外【答案】beginwithisconvenienttodosth.up；consultwith/comeacross5．behelpful/usefulto.../beofhelp(use)to...6．a(chǎn)dditionally/inadditionⅡ.句式1．無論你去哪里，攜帶電子詞典都很方便。(一句多譯)①②2．Itcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyouandthatmakesitoutstandingfromothers.(用定語從句合并句子)【答案】1.①Itisconvenientforyoutocarryanelectronicdictionarywhereveryougo.②Itisconvenientforyoutocarryanelectronicdictionarynomatterwhereyougo.2．Itcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyou，whichmakesitoutstandingfromothers.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】DearZhangKe，Ithinkitisawisechoicetobuyanelectronicdictionary.Tobeginwith，itisconvenientforyoutocarryitwhereveryou，youcangetwhatyouwantinitimmediately，forconsultingthiskindofdictionaryisreallyapieceofwiththeusefulmaterial，youcanstoreitasmuchasmakesitoutstandingfromothers，Ithink，isthatitcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyou.Ihopemysuggestionwillbeusefultoyou.Yours，LiHua學(xué)業(yè)分層測(cè)評(píng)（三）Ⅰ.完成句子1．如果明天下雪，他們就不外出游玩?！緦?dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33100033】Ifit，theygoforanouting.2．抱歉，我現(xiàn)在太忙了，如果我有時(shí)間，一定會(huì)和你去公園。Sorry，IamtoobusyItime，Itheparkwithyou.3．如果我再年輕十歲，我會(huì)重新開始的。IfI10yearsyounger，Iagainfromthebeginning.4．要是當(dāng)時(shí)你沒有幫助我們，我們就不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。Ifyouus，wesuchgreatprogress.5．如果今天早上帶上雨衣的話，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)淋濕了。IfImyraincoatwithmethismorning，Inow.【答案】weretorain/shouldrain；wouldnot；wouldgoto；wouldstart'thelped；wouldn't/couldn'thavemadetaken；wouldnotbewetⅡ.閱讀理解(2023·吉林東北師大附中高二模擬)ThomasBrodie-Sangster'scarsandactionfiguresweren'tjusttoys.“Theywouldalwaysbecharacters,andIwouldalwaysputonstupidvoices，”saysThomas(Bornon16May1990).Forhim,actingwasjustamatterofmovingchildhoodgamestoaset.MaturityandindependencecametoThomasearlyashestartedworkatten.Afterhisfirstaudition(試鏡),helearnedaboutrejection.Thoughhurtanddisappointed，hetookapartinatiny,unknownTVfilmin2023.Noonenoticedhisperformance—nooneexceptscreenwriterRichardCurtis.Twoyearslater,heplayedSam,atwelve-year-oldinloveinCurtis'sLoveActually.Afterthathitfilm,heplayedactorColinFirth'ssoninNannyMcPheeFirththenjoinedafilmcalledTheLastLegionandsupportedThomasforitsleadrole.Asaresult,theboyplayedRome'sfinalrulerintheaction-adventure.Atabout16,Thomashadtomakeadecision.Didhereallywanttodevotehislifetoacting?Manypeopleinthepublic“aren'tlettingyoubeyoubecausetheyseeyouassomethingspecial”，hesays.Also,friendshipmadeduringfilmingwasoftenbrokensoonaftertheprojectfinished.Despitethesethings,hefoundenoughjoyandsatisfactionintheworktocontinue.Actually,Thomasseemstofindjoyindifficultyitself.Heplayed10-year-oldAdolfHitlerinaTVmovieandateenagePaulMcCartneyinNowhereBoy.ThesubjectofhisfilmDeathofaSuperheromadeithismostchallengingfilm.Still,hefoundapositivemessageinitsstoryofaschoolboywithcancer.ThomasnowenjoysrolesinGameofThronesandtheupcomingMazeRunnerasthoseprojectsmaybe,moststillrecognizehimasSaminLoveseemstorunafterThomas,justasheranthroughHeathrowairporttohissweetheart.1．ThomasBrodie-Sangsterreachedmaturityearlyprobablybecauseof．A．hisfailureinthefirstauditionB．hisstartingactingasearlyastenC．hisbeingsupportedbyadultactorsD．hisactinginatinyunknownTVfilm【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第一句MaturityandindependencecametoThomasearlyashestartedworkatten可知他從十歲開始表演。故選B。【答案】B2．Theunderlinedword“rejection”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto．A．recovery B．respectC．response D．refusal【解析】詞義理解題。根據(jù)下文的thoughhurtanddisappointed可知他被拒絕了。故選D?！敬鸢浮緿3．WhatcanbeconsideredasoneofthenegativeaspectsofactingaccordingtoThomas?A．Pressurefromthepublic.B．Long-termworkingfriendship.C．Findingjoyindifficultyitself.D．Readingscriptsandmemorizinglines.【解析】推理判斷題。通讀文章的第三段可知B、C、D都是Thomas走向成功的積極因素；根據(jù)該段的Manypeopleinthepublic“aren'tlettingyoubeyoubecausetheyseeyouassomethingspecial”可知來自公眾的壓力是他走向成功的消極因素。故選A?！敬鸢浮緼4．Thomasplayedtheleadrolein．A．LoveActually B．GamesofThronesC．TheLastRegion D．NannyMcPhee【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的FirththenjoinedafilmcalledTheLastLegionandsupportedThomasforitsleadrole判斷可知Thomas在TheLastLegion中擔(dān)任主角，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾Ⅲ.語法填空(2023·棗莊模擬)ThewomanoftencalledtheFirstLadyofNewYorkdiedonAstorwasonehundredandfiveyearsextremelywealthyandfamousNewYorkerspentmuchofherlife1.(help)theneedyinherbelovedcity.ShewasborninPortsmouth，Newwastheonlychildofahighlevelmilitarytwoearlier2.(marry)，shemarriedVincentAstorin1953camefromafamilythat3.(be)richforatleastonehundredotherthings，heowedmanybuildingsinNewYorkAstorbecameoneofthe4.(rich)womenintheworldwhenVincentAstoralsobecameheadofahugecharityorganization5.(found)byherrepeatedlyhadtoldhershewouldhavefungiving6.hisapparentlysheAstorgavetensofmillionsofdollars7.(main)toplacesandpeopleinNewYorksaiditwasthesensiblechoicebecausethatwas8.themoneyhadbeengavefinancialsupporttothecity'sculturalcenters，thepooranddisabledas9.astomanyothersmallershedied，themayorofNewYorksaidthecitywouldnotbewhatitistoday10.hersupport.1．【解析】spend...doingsth.“花費(fèi)……干某事”，所以填helping?！敬鸢浮縣elping2．【解析】空格前為形容詞，且有two，故填marriages?！敬鸢浮縨arriages3．【解析】根據(jù)句意需用過去完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縣adbeen4．【解析】BrookeAstor成為世界上最富有的女人之一?！敬鸢浮縭ichest5．【解析】ahugecharityorganization與found構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填founded?！敬鸢浮縡ounded6．【解析】giveaway“贈(zèng)送，捐獻(xiàn)”?！敬鸢浮縜way7．【解析】副詞修飾前面動(dòng)作。【答案】mainly8．【解析】表語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，填where?！敬鸢浮縲here9．【解析】aswellas“和，也”?！敬鸢浮縲ell10．【解析】由句意知用without“沒有”?！敬鸢浮縲ithoutⅣ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。(2023·浙江余姚中學(xué)高三期中考試)Oneday，mybrotherandIwerealoneinourapartment．Thereasonwasthatmyparentshadbothgoneforaballpartyandhadleftmeinchargeofwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyyoungerbrotherwaswatching，thedoorbell-Dong!Ding-Dong!MyyoungerbrotherhadrushedtothedoorbeforeIdecidedtoanswertheboththoughtthatourparentshadcomearesult，heunlockedthedoorandopenedit.Outsideofthehousestoodamanwhoworeablackraincoatandblackrubberlookednodifferentfromotherpeopleandhesaidthathewasasalesmanandaskedpolitelyifourmotherorfatherwasathomesohecouldtalkwiththem.Withoutanythinking，mybrothersaid，“No.”Heaskedifwewouldliketobuysomecomicbooks，whichhewasquicklyexplainedtohimthatwewerenotsupposedtobuyanythingwithoutourparents'，itseemedthathewasnotwillingtofollowmyadviceandhehadanintentiontoenterourhouse.ThenIrealizedsomethingterriblewouldIwasabouttoclosethedoor，heforcedhiswayintoourtookoutaknifeandforcedmetotieupmybrother'shandswithsomeropewhichhetookoutfromhistieduphishandsbutItiedinaspecialwaysomybrothercoulduntiehimselfasweoftenmanthentiedmyhandsupandlockedbothofusinthekitchen．Soonhewentupstairstosearchthebedroomforsomethingmanagedtoteachmybrothertountietheropeonhisthenuntiedrushedtothetelephonetocallthepolice，