外研版高二英語必修四 module 1 Reading language points

Module1LifeintheFutureLanguagepointsinreadingNooneknowsforsure,andmakingpredictionsisariskybusiness.誰也說不準(zhǔn),并且猜測也是件冒險(xiǎn)的事。動(dòng)名詞短語作主語

踢足球是他的業(yè)余愛好之一。Playingfootballisoneofhishobbies.考點(diǎn)提煉句子仿造Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasearth’snaturalresourcesrunout.

carefor照顧；喜歡

IlikehimbutIdon'tcareforher. He'sentrustedhischildrentomycareforaday. carefor表示“喜歡”，常用于疑問句或否定句；表示“照顧”是較正式的用語careabout關(guān)心，在乎Shedoesnotcareaboutherhusbandatall.

Idon’tcareaboutyouropinion.Idon’tcarewhetheritrains.careabout只表示認(rèn)為某事重要并產(chǎn)生興趣或憂慮，常用于疑問句和否定句；后接從句about時(shí)省略。

runout用盡；耗盡

Thepetrolisrunningout.

runoutof用完；耗盡

Hehasrunoutofredink. ClubofRomeestimatethatoilwillrunoutofin1992.runout與runoutof

runout用完了(=becomeusedup)，其主語通常為時(shí)間、食物、金錢等名詞。Hismoneysoonranout.runoutof“用完了”，表示主動(dòng)含義，主語一般是人。Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.runoutof+賓語還有“從……流出/跑出”的意思。runout也有“流出”的意思，但不可接賓語。活學(xué)活用I____youavaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butI____allmymoney.A.wouldliketogive;ranoutofB.wouldliketohavegiven;ranoutofC.wouldliketogive;wasrunoutofD.wouldliketogive;ranout解析分析句子知第一空是在過去虛擬條件“如果我的錢沒有花完”下,得出的結(jié)論,故用完成時(shí);第二空需一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞短語的主動(dòng)形式,故B項(xiàng)正確。B歸納拓展runabout到處跑runacross偶然遇到runafter追逐,追蹤runaway(常與from連用)逃脫,逃避,躲開rundown(用車)撞倒;追尋;追獲runinto碰撞;遇上,偶然遇到runoff(使)逃跑;使溜掉Wewillalsohavetorelymoreonalternativeenergy,suchassolarandwindpower.

relyon/upon依賴；信賴；信任 Irelyonmybrother'swordsabsolutely. Don'trelyonhimtodoanythinghe'sjustatalker.

relyonone’sownefforts／strength自力更生歸納拓展relyon/upon依靠;信任,信賴dependon/upon依靠counton指望;依靠believein信任Relyuponit.放心吧。relyonsb./sth.todo/doing...信賴某人/做……relyonsb./sth.for...因……而依賴某人/物relyonitthat...指望……活學(xué)活用(1)我們不能指望他們來幫助我們。Wecan’t_____________tohelpus.(2)你可以指望本周會(huì)下雨。Youcan___________itthatitwillrainthisweek．relyonthemrelyon/uponTogetridofgarbageproblems,thecitywillloadhugespaceshipswithwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun,…

getridof擺脫；去掉；除去 Hecan’tgetridofthecold.Youshouldgetridofyourbadhabit.活學(xué)活用(1)Afteryouhavelearnedsomethingnew,itisimportantthatyoutryto______.A.bringitupB.letgoofitC.getridofitD.putitintopractice(2)Themotheroftentellshersontobeagoodboy,warninghimto______trouble.A.holdbackfromB.keepoutofC.breakawayfromD.getridofDBPolicewillarrestcriminalsbyfiringnetsinsteadofguns.arrestv.逮捕;拘留;吸引

n.逮捕;拘留Waynewasarrestedfordangerousdriving.

韋恩因危險(xiǎn)駕駛而被拘留。Herwarningtonearrestedmyattention.

她警告的口氣引起了我的注意。歸納拓展arresteen.被捕者arrestern.逮捕者arrestmentn.拘捕;阻止;逮捕falsearrest［律］非法拘捕arrestsb.forsth.因某事而逮捕某人arrestsb.onchargeof以……罪逮捕某人getarrested被捕arrestone’sattention引起某人的注意beunderarrest被拘留beput/placedunderarrest被捕;在拘留中活學(xué)活用(1)Theagentwas_____forcarryingafalsepassport.A.chargedB.accusedC.suspectedD.arrested

解析句意為:這位代理因攜帶假護(hù)照而被捕。A、B項(xiàng)意為“控告;指控”;suspect意為“懷疑”。D(2)Whenshewas_____,thedetectivefoundoutthattheshopassistantwasherdaughter.A.caughtB.arrested C.capturedD.grasped

解析arrestsb.(forsth.)后多跟被捕原因;capture捕獲,符合題意。C

insteadof代替；而不是

insteadof是介賓短語，其賓語多由名詞、代詞、介詞、短語、動(dòng)詞+ing形式充當(dāng)。

Thereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices. Igavehimadviceinsteadofmoney.

Heaskedmeanotherquestioninsteadofansweringme.

instead意為“代替；替代”，作副詞用，通常位于句尾。如位于句首時(shí)常用逗號與后面閣開。instead在順接句子中作“代替”講，而在轉(zhuǎn)折（或逆轉(zhuǎn)）句子中作“然而”講。例如：Lilyisn'there.AskLucyinstead.[注意]當(dāng)instead在祈使句中時(shí)，只能位于句末。Shedidn'tanswerme.Instead,sheaskedmeanotherquestion.活學(xué)活用杰克沒有學(xué)法律,而是決定作一名演員。

Jackdidn’tstudylaw.________,hedecidedtobecomeanactor.(2)我們走著下樓梯而沒有乘電梯。

Wewalkeddownthestairs_________takingtheelevator.

InsteadinsteadofInthefutureallshoppingwillbedoneonline,mandn.[U,C[命令,指揮;[U]控制

v.命令,指揮;掌握;擁有

Forthefirsttimeinyears,hefeltincommandofhislife.

歸納拓展command后接的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣(should)do,其后接的同位語和表語從句中也用虛擬語氣。have/takecommandof指揮……makecommandof控制……dosth.at/byone’scommand奉某人之命做某事beatone’scommand聽某人吩咐bein/underthecommandofsb.由某人統(tǒng)率commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事易混辨異command/order/direct(1)command指權(quán)威方面正式下命令。(2)order是常用詞,多用于“非正式的命令”。(3)direct意為“指導(dǎo);指揮”,多指“權(quán)威性的指導(dǎo)”?；顚W(xué)活用(1)Thegeneralcommandedthattheregiment____unlesshe____thecommand.A.don’tattack;giveB.didn’tattack;willgaveC.shouldnotattack;wouldgiveD.notattack;gave

解析command表示“命令”后接從句時(shí),從句中用“should+v.原形”的虛擬語氣,其中should可以省略。在條件句中用一般時(shí)表示將來,故D項(xiàng)正確。D用command,order,direct的適當(dāng)形式填空(2)Thefather_______hissontoleavethespot.(3)Thegeneral_____________hismentoattackthecity.(4)Doyouknowwho________thefilm?orderedcommandeddirectedAllformsofrecreation,suchascinemas,bowling,softball,concertsandothers,willbeprovidedfreeofchargebythecity.chargen.費(fèi)用;價(jià)錢

v.控訴;收費(fèi);充電Thechargeforadmissionis$5foreach.入場費(fèi)每位五美元。Howmuchdidhechargeyouforrepairingthebike?修自行車他收了你多少錢？歸納拓展atone’sowncharge(s)自費(fèi),用自己的錢freeofcharge免費(fèi)inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)…in/underthechargeofsb.(in/underone’scharge)由某人負(fù)責(zé);由某人照料(管理)have(the)chargeof負(fù)責(zé)/主管…takechargeof負(fù)責(zé)/看管…bringachargeofsth.againstsb.指控某人犯……罪chargesb.withsth.因某事控告某人易混辨異(1)charge/accuse二者都含有“控告;譴責(zé)”的意思。①charge指“因犯較大錯(cuò)誤或重大罪行而進(jìn)行正式法律控訴”,和介詞with搭配使用。②accuse指“當(dāng)面指控或指責(zé),不一定訴諸法庭”,和介詞of搭配使用。(2)charge/cost/expense①charge指某種服務(wù)或行政上的“收費(fèi),征費(fèi)”。②cost指的是為某種目的的“支出性的、投資性的、成本性的”費(fèi)用。③expense指的是各種可能的“開支,消費(fèi)”,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

活學(xué)活用—CanIhelpyou?—I’dlikearoomwithabath.Howmuchdoyou____?offerB.affordC.spareD.charge解析根據(jù)句意知是“收多少錢”,故用charge。DDistancesurgerywillbecomecommonasdoctorscarryoutoperationsfromthousandsofmilesaway,witheachcityhavingitsowntelesurgeryoutpatientclinic.

carryout實(shí)施；落實(shí)；進(jìn)行

Hecarriedouthispromisetogiveupsmoking.Testshavebeencarriedoutonthepatient.活學(xué)活用（2010浙江）Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexerciseif_____regularlycanimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析：本句的句子的主語是theexperiment；謂語動(dòng)詞是shows；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，賓語從句的主干事：properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth,if_____regularly是插入的條件從句，從句的主語是properamountsofexercise，此時(shí)應(yīng)用it代替前面提到的主語，條件句的主語與主句的主語一致，并且含有is，故省略了itis，完整形式是：ifitiscarriedout。句意為：這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)，如果有規(guī)律的進(jìn)行，能夠有助于我們的身體健。

witheachcityhavingitsowntelesurgeryoutpatientclinic是一個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式為:with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞短語。請看以下例句：with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Hefeltsafewithhismumstandingbehindhim.Hewenttothelibrarywithhishomeworkfinished.Withalotofhomeworktodo,heisn’tfree.Heisusedtosleepingwiththewindowsopen.HelikesreadingwithhisMP3on.Hewentoutwithastickinhishand.with+n.+-edwith+n.+doingwith+n.+todowith+n.+adj.with+n.+adv.with+n.+prep.Seniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbeabletogoanywhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.

attachvt.系;貼;連接vi.附著,附屬;相連;相伴

attachedtotheirhead是過去分詞短語作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句which/thatareattachedtotheirhead。歸納拓展attachedadj.(作表語)依戀的;附屬于attachmentn.附屬;依戀;附件,附屬物attachsth.tosth.把……附在……上,把……固定到……attachoneselftosb.和……在一起,纏著beattachedtosb./sth.依戀,留戀某人(某事物);隸屬于活學(xué)活用Thecompanyalways_____greatimportancetothequalityoftheirproducts.That’swhythereisalwaysasteadyincreaseinsalesyearbyyear.putsB.attachesC.makesD.plays解析由句意知，此處指“把……和……聯(lián)系起來”,故用attach...to...。BI’mtoobusyenjoyingmylifenowtoworryaboutthefuture!句式分析本句是“too...todosth.”句式,表示“太……而不能做某事”,是一個(gè)表示否定意義的句型。It’stoogoodanopportunitytomiss.這真是一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì),不能錯(cuò)過。歸納拓展當(dāng)too...to...句型同never,not等詞連用時(shí),表示肯定的含義,意為“無論……也不為過分”。Wearenevertoooldtolearn.我們應(yīng)活到老學(xué)到老。Frenchisnottoodifficultforustolearn.對我們來說，法語并不太難學(xué)。活學(xué)活用—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?—Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe____carefulwiththat.enoughB.tooC.soD.very解析考查句式“無論……也不為過”。BNotallpredictionscometrue.句式分析本句是部分否定句式。Notallthestudentswenttothemovies.=Somestudentsdidnotgotothemovies.不是所有的學(xué)生都去看電影了。如果全部否定應(yīng)該用none。Noneofthestudentswenttothemovies.沒有一個(gè)學(xué)生去看電影。

歸納拓展部分否定與全部否定的慣用語對照如下:部分否定全部否定兩者both...not/not...both(并非兩者都)neither/not...either(兩者都不)Bothofthesistersarenothere.并非兩姊妹都在這里。Neitherofthesistersishere.兩姊妹都不在這里。兩者以上all...not/not...all(=some)(并非所有……都)every...not/not...Every(=some,few)(并非每一個(gè)……都)thewhole...not/not...thewhole(并非全部)not...any/none(沒有一個(gè))noone/nobody(沒有人)nothing(沒有任何事物)Idon’tknowallofthem.他們我不全認(rèn)識。Idon’tknowanyofthem.他們我全不認(rèn)識。活學(xué)活用Theycontinuedhandingoutthefoodtothenativesuntiltherewas_____left.A.nothingB.noneC.nooneD.noany解析由句子知是“沒有一個(gè)剩下”,故用表示全部否定的none。

BBytheyear2000,housewiveswillprobablyhavearobotshapedlikeaboxwithonelargeeyeonthetop,... shapen.形狀,外形;體形

vt.塑造;形成;發(fā)育發(fā)展ItwastheGreekswhoshapedthethinkingofWesternmen.Shewaswearingapinintheshapeofabird.Thisislandistriangularinshape.歸納拓展inshape在形狀上beinbadshape情況處于混亂狀態(tài);健康狀況不佳beingoodshape處于良好狀態(tài);健康情況良好outofshape變(走)樣;不成樣子;身體不舒服,生病intheshapeof以……的形狀(形式);作為inanyshape任何形式keepsth.inshape使……保持原形taketheshapeof呈……形狀;以……形式出現(xiàn)o...把……加工成/塑造成……活學(xué)活用Thereisapaperfloweronthedesk____likeapigeon.A.shapingB.shapedC.havingshapedD.beingshaped解析分析句子知shape和flower之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。B

Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they___theirsalesby20percent.(全國Ⅱ高考)A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasingC.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasing

解析句意為:如果他們的市場運(yùn)作計(jì)劃成功,那么他們的銷售將會(huì)增加百分之二十。條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,主句必須用一般將來時(shí)。A—I’mstillworkingonmyproject.—Oh,you’llmissthedeadline.Timeis___.(江蘇高考)A.runningoutB.goingoutC.givingoutD.losingout

解析runout(時(shí)間、金錢等的)耗盡;giveout用完;耗盡(強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)物);停止運(yùn)行;停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。由句意可知,A項(xiàng)正確。A

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