牛津譯林七年級語法總結知識講解

7A語法總結般現在時第一，動詞be的三變化amisare.我（I）用am，你（you）用are,is用于他（he）她（she）它（it）,單數名詞用is,復數名詞都用are句型結構：1、肯定何：主語 are…Itisafootball.2、否定何：主語 are+not…Itisnotafootball.3、一般疑問句：Am\Is\Are+主語+其他？Isitafootball?回答Yes,itis.No,itisn’t4、特殊疑問句：疑問句 +am/is/are+主語+其他？What’syourname?用be動詞的適當形式填空1、She mycousin.Hername LiJie.2、TomandI goodfriends3、What _thisinEnglish？It abook4、youJack?Yes,I 5、What those?They hisnotebooks第二，行為動詞的一般現在時行為動詞的一一般現在時行為動詞的一般現在時的構成：主語+行為動詞 +（其他）當主語為第三人稱單數（he,she,it）時，謂語動詞也要用單數形式。用好一般現在時，時間狀態(tài)需牢記 ;主語人稱是三單，動詞要把 -s/-es添；基本用法要記清，狀態(tài)習慣經常性。行為動詞的一般現在時的變化.否定句：主語+dont/doesn動詞原形+其他Idon’tlikebread.Hedoesn’toftenplayfootball..一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語 +動詞原形 +其他Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Iam/No,IamnotDoesheoftenplayfootball?Yes,hedoes/No,hedoesn3、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句 +一般疑問句？Whendoyougotoschool?Igotoschoolatseveno’clock.動詞的三單形式的變化：動詞三單現在時，一般在詞尾加SS,x,ch,sh在詞尾，直接加上-es詞尾若是字母 o,加上-es不用愁。詞尾是“輔音字母 +y”先變, y為i,后邊再加-es鞏固練習：用動詞的適當形式填空1.Ilike (swim)..He (read) Englisheveryday..We (go)to schoolatseveninthemorning..Mike (go)to schoolatseveninthemorning..Mymother (like) (go)shopping..Ican (draw)manybeautifulpictures..She (make)amodelplane..Doyou (like) (run)?.Doeshe (like) (jump)?.DoesNancy(grow)flowersonSaturday?.Theteachers(like)(dance)..Theteacher(like)(dance)..Thestudents(speak)Englishinclass..Thestudent(speak)Chineseafterclass..Let'sandplayfootball.(go)二、人稱代詞人稱代詞主格：作主語，表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。Iamateacher.Youarestudent.Heisastudent,too.We/You/Theyarestudents.人稱代詞賓格作賓語，表示動作行為的對象。Giveittome.Let'sgo(let's=letus)人稱單數復數主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit三、物主代詞表示所有關系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人稱和數的變化見下表。數人稱類別單數復數k稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞minpyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我你的他的她它的我們的你們的他（她、它）的的們的形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her萬ts/our/their)+名詞而名詞性物主代詞則相當于形容詞性物主代詞 +名詞，故其后不必加名詞。如：Isthisyourbook?No,,itisn,'it'shers(herbook)Thispenismine.鞏固練習：ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit.(she)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.isintheeastofAsia.(its)Whatdayistoday?—isThursday.(its)WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof.(we)Iownabluebike.Theredoneisn '_tl)Thesenewhousesaresonice.areveryexpensive.(them)Thefishermencaughtalotoffish,didn 't?(them)LingLingisagirl.studiesinaprimaryschool.brotherliveswithandhelpswithlessons.(she)Mikeismyclassmate.isgoodatEnglish.(his)Katewantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto?(she)What'stheweatherliketoday?iscloudy.(its)Iateallsandwichesyesterday.(I)CanIhaveoneof?(you)Georgehaslost(his)pen.AskMaryif超否)shewilllendhim.(she)JackhasadogandsohaveI.(he)dogand(I)hadafightT架).Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof(he)四，介詞in一股在上午”下午“晚上”，還有時間段，年、月、季節(jié)；On指特定的某一天，日期，星期和具體的節(jié)日At用在時刻前，還有正午，午夜和表示一段時間的節(jié)日鞏固練習：ChildrengetgiftsChristmasandtheirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on----Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?—No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.upAlotofstudentsinourschoolwerebornMarch,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.sinceHesuddenlyreturned arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.duringMygrandfatherwasborn Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.ofThetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.stillMikedoeshisexercises seven theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;onChildrenwakeupveryearly themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For.Ithappenedtobeverycold themorningofoursportsmeeting.A.atB.onC.withD.ofWhydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.inHewenttoShanghai___September3rd,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;inLucywasborn thenightofMay12,1984 A.onB.inC.atD.toMrs.BrowncametoChina 1996A.onB.ofC.to,D.in___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourningofJoeHill.A.OnB.InC.OnD.At五、頻度副詞從頻率最大到頻率最小依次為：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never.對頻率副詞提問要用howoften鞏固練習：-DoesAliceoftenworkuntil2a.m.?-No,she does.A.nearly B.certainly C.seldom D.always-Ididn'tknowyoutakeabustoschool.-Oh,I takeabus,butitissnowingtoday.A.hardly B.never C.sometimesD.usually-Wereyouoftenlateforschoollastterm,Tom?-No, .Igottoschoolearlyeveryday.A.AlwaysB.Usually C.SometimesD.Never-Howoftendoyougotoaconcert?- ever.I’mnotinterestedinthatatall.A.Usually B.Hardly C.Almost-Johnsingssowell.Hasheeverbeentrained?-No.Helearnsallbyhimself.He goestoanytrainingclass.A.usually B.often C.never D.even-MissGaoisverypopularwithherstudents.-Yes.Herclassesare livelyandinteresting.A.seldom B.never C.sometimes D.alwaysWearegoingtohaveapartynextweek.A.sometime B.sometime C.sometimes D.sometimesSandyissocarefulthatshemakesmistakesinherhomework.A.usually B.seldom C.often D.AlwaysPleasedrivewhenyoupassaschool.一OK.A.nearlyB.earlyC.slowlyD.really—HaveyoueverbeentoDisneyland?—No,.IhopeIcangotherenextyear.A.alwaysB.sometimesC.neverD.oftenHowoftendothestudentsplaysports?A.TwiceadayB.SincelastnightC.FortwohoursD.AmonthagoIplaybasketballeverydaybecauseIwanttoplayasasYaoMing.A.wellB.betterC.bestMikehurthisbackseriouslyandcangetoutofbedwithouthelp.A.quicklyB.easilyC.nearlyD.hardly—Didyougotothecinematosee3DTitaniclastnight?—No,Igotothecinema.Theticketsaretooexpensive.A.hardlyB.nearlyC.stillD.Only—Howoftendoyouexercise?——ever.BecauseIamverybusywithmywork.A.HardlyB.NearlyC.AlwaysD.Almost六、特殊疑問句語法：特殊疑問句定義：特殊疑問句是用來對句子的某一部分提問的疑問句，以疑問詞開頭結構：特殊疑問句的基本結構疑問詞+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語動詞特殊疑問詞分類：疑問代詞有：what（什么），which（哪一個），who（誰），whose（誰的）疑問副詞有：where（哪里），when（什么時候），why（為什么），how（怎么樣）疑問詞還可以與某些單詞搭配，構成疑問詞短語，如：whattime（什么時間）,whatcolour（什么顏色）,howmany（多少）,howmuch（多少，多少錢）how10ng（多長），howoften（多久一次），how01d（幾歲），howtall（多高）鞏固練習：Theyboughtanewbikeyesterday.Sheismyteacher.Itismycoat.Igetupatsix.IamfromHubei.IwenttoschoollatebecauseIgotuplate.TheyboyunderthetreeisJack.TheyellowcatisSammy?Therearesixboxesonthedesk?Itiswindy.Therearesixboxesonthedesk?Mybagisred.ThebookisLiHua'.sTheyarefiveyuan.八，冠詞的用法定冠詞a,an的用法元音因素前用“an”anhour一個小時 ausefulbook一本有用的書鞏固練習：Ireadstory.Itisinterestingstory.A.a,anB.a,aC.the,theD./,anBritainis__EuropeancountryandChinaisAsiancountry.A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,ahinaisoldcountrywithlonghistory.A.The,an,aB.The,a,aC./,an,theD./,an,alephantisbiggerthanhorse.A./,/B.an,aC.An,aD./,theWealwayshavericeforlunch.A./,/B.the,/ C./,a D.the,theIttookmehourandhalftofinishwork.A.a,a,aB.an,a,aC.an,a,theD.an,a,/octortoldmetotakemedicinethreetimesday,stayinbed,thenIwouldbebettersoon.A./,a,a,theB.A,the,the,/C.The,the,a,/D.A,/,a,/Thereispictureonwall.Ilikepictureverymuch.A.a,the,theB.a,the,aC.the,a,aD.a,an,theJanuaryisfirstmonthoftheyear.A.aB./C.anD.theShutdoor,please.A.aB.anC.theD./EinsteinwonNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921.A.a B.anC.theD./Whatfinedayitistoday!Let'sgototheSummerPalace.A.a B.anC.theD./Ilikemusic,butIdon'tlikemusicofthatTVplay.A.a B.anC.theD./girloverthereisEnglishteacher.A.The,anB.A,/C.The,/D.A,aIt'sexcitingwaytoshopontheNet.A.a B.anC.theD./七，不定代詞的運用Some用于肯定句any用于一般疑問句和否定句鞏固練習：用some和any填空.Ihave goodfriendsinmyclass.Isthere waterinthebottle?Doyouhave money?Theydon’thave timetogothere.Thereare cakesonthetable.don’thave milkforbreakfast.Doeshehave brothersorsisters?Therearen’t picturesonthewall.CanIask questions?Arethere flowersinyouclassroom?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zNo,therearen’t .Wehave apples,butwdeon’thave pears.Isthere orangejuiceinthefridge?Yes,thereis Icanspeak English,butcIan’tspeak Russian.Dotheyhave colorpencil?No,theydon’thave .Thereisn’t meatathome.Imustgoandbuy .Thereis+可數名詞單數 /不可數名詞Thereare+可數名詞復數形式鞏固練習：There anyriceinthebowl.A.areB.IsC.isn D’.atren’tThere manyapplesonthetreelastyear.A.havebeenB.wereC.areD.isThere afilmtomorrowevening.A.willhaveB.haveC.isgoingtobeD.hasThereissomemilkinthebottle, ?A.isn’tthereB.aren’tthereC.isn’titD.aretherehowmanyboys thereintheClassOne?A.beB.isC.areD.amThere alotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThere pencil-box,andsomeflowersonthedesk.A.isaB.aresomeC.hasaD.havesomeThere anappleandtenbananasinthebasket.A.areB.isC.hasD.have anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet?A.IsthereB.ArethereC.HasD.HaveThereislittlewaterntheglass, ?A.isn’ttherBe.isn’titC.isitD.isthereWhatdidyouseeinthebasketthen?There abottleoforangeandsomeoranges.A.isB.areC.wasD.were isthereonthetable?A.HowmanyapplesB.HowmuchbreadC.HowmuchbreadsD.Howmanyfood.There somethingwrongwithourclassroom.A.areB.hasC.isD.haveThereissomeonthetable.A.appleB.orangeC.cakeD.sandwichThereislittlewaterintheglass,?A.isn'tthereB.isnC.isititD.isthere八、現在進行時.定義：現在進行時表示正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。.標志詞：（1）時間狀語now、atthemoment（2）句前有提示詞look、listen、lookat3.謂語動詞的構成：be+動詞-ing4.動詞-ing的構成規(guī)則規(guī)貝u原形-ing形式一M在動詞原形末尾加-ingwashcatchwatchwashingcatchingwatching以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞，先去掉e,再加-ingmaketakeridemakingtakingriding以重讀閉音節(jié)（輔元輔）結尾的動詞，雙寫末尾軸日,冉加-ingsitputgetsittingputtinggetting以ie結尾的動詞，先把ie變成y再加-inglietiedielyingtyingdying注意：see-seeingdraw-drawinglisten-listening現在分詞構成口訣現在分詞很好記，動詞后綴-ing0直接加、去e加、雙寫加。還有一點要注意ie要用y來替?，F在進行時用法口訣主語在前be在后，現在分詞跟著走，其他成分不可丟。變一般很簡單，把be提到句子前，否定句也不難，be后要把not添還有一點要注意，動作提問doing替。鞏固練習：.