版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
電路的基本概念及定律電源source電壓源voltagesource電流源currentsource理想電壓源idealvoltagesource理想電流源idealcurrentsource伏安特性volt-amperecharacteristic電動勢electromotiveforce電壓voltage電流current電位potential電位差potentialdifference歐姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule電路circuit電路元件circuitelement電阻resistance電阻器resistor電感inductance電感器inductor電容capacitance電容器capacitor電路模型circuitmodel參考方向referencedirection參考電位referencepotential歐姆定律Ohm’slaw基爾霍夫定律Kirchhoff’slaw基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoff’svoltagelaw(KVL)基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoff’scurrentlaw(KCL)結(jié)點(diǎn)node支路branch回路loop網(wǎng)孔mesh支路電流法branchcurrentanalysis網(wǎng)孔電流法meshcurrentanalysis結(jié)點(diǎn)電位法nodevoltageanalysis電源變換sourcetransformations疊加原理superpositiontheorem網(wǎng)絡(luò)network無源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)passivetwo-terminalnetwork有源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)activetwo-terminalnetwork戴維寧定理Thevenin’stheorem諾頓定理Norton’stheorem開路(斷路)opencircuit短路shortcircuit開路電壓open-circuitvoltage短路電流short-circuitcurrent交流電路直流電路directcurrentcircuit(dc)交流電路alternatingcurrentcircuit(ac)正弦交流電路sinusoidala-ccircuit平均值averagevalue有效值effectivevalue均方根值root-mean-squirevalue(rms)瞬時值instantaneousvalue電抗reactance感抗inductivereactance容抗capacitivereactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance復(fù)數(shù)阻抗compleximpedance相位phase初相位initialphase相位差phasedifference相位領(lǐng)先phaselead相位落后phaselag倒相,反相phaseinversion頻率frequency角頻率angularfrequency赫茲Hertz相量phasor相量圖phasordiagram有功功率activepower無功功率reactivepower視在功率apparentpower功率因數(shù)powerfactor功率因數(shù)補(bǔ)償power-factorcompensation串聯(lián)諧振seriesresonance并聯(lián)諧振parallelresonance諧振頻率resonancefrequency頻率特性frequencycharacteristic幅頻特性amplitude-frequencyresponsecharacteristic相頻特性phase-frequencyresponsecharacteristic截止頻率cutofffrequency品質(zhì)因數(shù)qualityfactor通頻帶pass-band帶寬bandwidth(BW)濾波器filter一階濾波器first-orderfilter二階濾波器second-orderfilter低通濾波器low-passfilter高通濾波器high-passfilter帶通濾波器band-passfilter帶阻濾波器band-stopfilter轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)transferfunction波特圖Bodediagram傅立葉級數(shù)Fourierseries三相電路three-phasecircuit三相電源three-phasesource對稱三相電源symmetricalthree-phasesource對稱三相負(fù)載symmetricalthree-phaseload相電壓phasevoltage相電流phasecurrent線電壓linevoltage線電流linecurrent三相三線制three-phasethree-wiresystem三相四線制three-phasefour-wiresystem三相功率three-phasepower星形連接starconnection(Y-connection)三角形連接triangularconnection(D-connection,deltaconnection)中線neutralline電路的暫態(tài)過程分析暫態(tài)transientstate穩(wěn)態(tài)steadystate暫態(tài)過程,暫態(tài)響應(yīng)transientresponse換路定理lowofswitch一階電路first-ordercircuit三要素法three-factormethod時間常數(shù)timeconstant積分電路integratingcircuit微分電路differentiatingcircuit磁路與變壓器磁場magneticfield磁通flux磁路magneticcircuit磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度fluxdensity磁通勢magnetomotiveforce磁阻reluctance電動機(jī)直流電動機(jī)dcmotor交流電動機(jī)acmotor異步電動機(jī)asynchronousmotor同步電動機(jī)synchronousmotor三相異步電動機(jī)three-phaseasynchronousmotor單相異步電動機(jī)single-phaseasynchronousmotor旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場rotatingmagneticfield定子stator轉(zhuǎn)子rotor轉(zhuǎn)差率slip起動電流startingcurrent起動轉(zhuǎn)矩startingtorque額定電壓ratedvoltage額定電流ratedcurrent額定功率ratedpower機(jī)械特性mechanicalcharacteristic繼電器-接觸器控制按鈕button熔斷器fuse開關(guān)switch行程開關(guān)travelswitch繼電器relaay接觸器conttactorr常開(動合)觸點(diǎn)normalllyopeenconntact常閉(動斷)觸點(diǎn)normalllycloosedccontacct時間繼電器tiimereelay熱繼電器theermaloverlloadrrelay中間繼電器inntermeediateerelaay可編程控制器(PPLC)可編程控制器pprograammablleloggiccoontrolller語句表stattementtlistt梯形圖laddderdiiagramm半導(dǎo)體器件本征征半導(dǎo)體intriinsicsemicconducctor摻雜半導(dǎo)體doppedseemiconnductoorP型半導(dǎo)體P-ttypessemicoonducttorN型半導(dǎo)體N---typesemicconducctor自由電子freeeeleectronn空穴hole載流子carrriersPN結(jié)PNjuncction擴(kuò)散diffusiion漂移drift二極管diodde硅二極管sillicondiodee鍺二極管gerrmaniuumdioode陽極anode陰極cathodee發(fā)光二極管liight-eemittiingdiiode((LED)光電二極管phhotodiiode穩(wěn)壓二極管Zeenerddiode晶體管(三極管)trannsistoorPNP型晶體管PNPttransiistorNPN型晶體管NPNttransiistor發(fā)射極emittter集電極colllectorr基極base電流放大系數(shù)ccurrenntampplificcationncoeffficieent場效應(yīng)管fieeld-efffecttranssistorr(FETT)P溝道p-channnelN溝道n-channnel結(jié)型場效應(yīng)管jjunctiionFEET(JFET)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體體metaal-oxiideseemiconnductoor(MOOS)耗盡型MOS場效效應(yīng)管deplletionnmodeeMOSFFET(D-MOSSFET)增強(qiáng)型MOS場效效應(yīng)管enhaancemeentmoodeMOOSFET(E-MOSSFET)源極source柵極grid漏極drain跨導(dǎo)transcoonducttance夾斷電壓pinnch-offfvolltage熱敏電阻theermisttor開路open短路shortedd基本放大器放大大器ampllifierr正向偏置forrwardbias反向偏置bacckwarddbiass靜態(tài)工作點(diǎn)quuiesceentpooint((Q-poiint)等效電路equuivaleentciircuitt電壓放大倍數(shù)vvoltaggegaiin總的電壓放大倍數(shù)數(shù)overrallvvoltaggegaiin飽和saturattion截止cut-offf放大區(qū)ampllifierrregiion飽和區(qū)satuuratioonreggion截止區(qū)cut--offrregionn失真distorttion飽和失真satturatiiondiistorttion截止失真cutt-offdistoortionn零點(diǎn)漂移zerrodriift正反饋posiitivefeedbback負(fù)反饋negaativefeedbback串聯(lián)負(fù)反饋seeriesnegattiveffeedbaack并聯(lián)負(fù)反饋paaralleelneggativeefeeddback共射極放大器ccommonn-emittteraampliffier射極跟隨器emmitterr-folllower共源極放大器ccommonn-sourrceammplifiier共漏極放大器ccommonn-draiinampplifieer多級放大器muultisttageaampliffier阻容耦合放大器resisstancee-capaacitanncecooupleddampllifierr直接耦合放大器direcct-cooupleddampllifierr輸入電阻inpputreesistaance輸出電阻outtputrresisttance負(fù)載電阻loaadressistannce動態(tài)電阻dynnamicresisstancee負(fù)載電流loaadcurrrent旁路電容byppassccapaciitor耦合電容couupledcapaccitor直流通路dirrectccurrenntpatth交流通路altternattingccurrenntpatth直流分量dirrectccurrenntcommponennt交流分量altternattingccurrenntcommponennt變阻器(電位器)rheosstat電阻(器)ressistorr電阻(值)ressistannce電容(器)cappacitoor電容(量)cappacitaance電感(器,線圈)inducctor電感(量),感應(yīng)應(yīng)系數(shù)inducctancee正弦電壓sinnusoiddalvooltagee集成運(yùn)算放大器及及應(yīng)用差動放大器diffferenttialaampliffier運(yùn)算放大器opperatiionalampliifier((op-ammp)失調(diào)電壓offfsetvvoltagge失調(diào)電流offfsetccurrennt共模信號commmon-mmodessignall差模信號diffferennt-moddesiggnal共模抑制比coommon--moderejecctionratioo(CMRRR)積分電路inttegrattor(circuuit)微分電路diffferenntiatoor(circuuit)有源濾波器acctivefilteer低通濾波器loow-passsfillter高通濾波器hiigh-paassfiilter帶通濾波器baand-paassfiilter帶阻濾波器baand-sttopfiilter波特沃斯濾波器Butteerwortthfillter切比雪夫濾波器Chebyyshevfilteer貝塞爾濾波器BBessellfiltter截止頻率cutt-offfrequuency上限截止頻率uuppercut-oofffrrequenncy下限截止頻率llowercut-oofffrrequenncy中心頻率cennterffrequeency帶寬Bandwiddth開環(huán)增益opeen-looopgaiin閉環(huán)增益cloosed-lloopggain共模增益commmon-mmodeggain輸入阻抗inpputimmpedannce電壓跟隨器vooltagee-folllower電壓源volttagessourcee電流源currrentssourcee單位增益帶寬unnity-ggainbbandwiidth頻率響應(yīng)freequenccyressponsee頻響特性(曲線)respoonseccharaccterisstic波特圖theBodeplot穩(wěn)定性stabiility補(bǔ)償compenssationn比較器compparatoor遲滯比較器hyystereesisccomparrator階躍輸入電壓sttepinnputvvoltagge儀表放大器innstrummentattionaampliffier隔離放大器issolatiionammplifiier對數(shù)放大器loogampplifieer反對數(shù)放大器anntiloggampllifierr反饋通道feeedbackkpathh反向漏電流reeverseeleakkageccurrennt相位phase相移phasesshift鎖相環(huán)phasse-locckedlloop(PPLL)鎖相環(huán)相位監(jiān)測器器PLLphaseedeteector和頻sumfreequenccy差頻differeenceffrequeency波形發(fā)生電路振振蕩器osciillatoorRC振蕩器RCooscilllatorLC振蕩器LCooscilllator正弦波振蕩器ssinusooidaloscilllatorr三角波發(fā)生器ttrianggularwavegenerrator方波發(fā)生器squuarewwaveggeneraator幅度magnituude電平level飽和輸出電平(電電壓)satuurateddoutpputleevel功率放大器pooweraampliffier交越失真crooss-ovverdiistorttion甲類功率放大器classsApooweraampliffier乙類推挽功率放大大器classsBpuush-puullpooweraampliffierOTL功率放大器器outpputtrransfoormerllessppowerampliifierOCL功率放大器器outpputcaapacittorlessspowwerammplifiier直流穩(wěn)壓電源半半波整流fulll-waveerecttifierr全波整流hallf-wavverecctifieer電感濾波器innductoorfillter電容濾波器caapacittorfiilter串聯(lián)型穩(wěn)壓電源seriees(vooltagee)reggulatoor開關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源switcching(volttage)regullator集成穩(wěn)壓器ICC(volltage))reguulatorr晶閘管及可控整流流電路晶閘管thyrristorr單結(jié)晶體管unnijuncctiontranssistorr(UJT)可控整流conntrollledreectifiier可控硅siliicon-ccontroolledrectiifier峰點(diǎn)peakpooint谷點(diǎn)valleypointt控制角conttrolliinganngle導(dǎo)通角turnn-onaangle門電路與邏輯代數(shù)數(shù)二進(jìn)制binaary二進(jìn)制數(shù)binnarynnumberr十進(jìn)制deciimal十六進(jìn)制hexxadeciimal二-十進(jìn)制binaarycoodedddecimaal(BCD)門電路gatee三態(tài)門tri-sstategate與門ANDgatte或門ORgatee非門NOTgatte與非門NANDDgatee或非門NORgate異或門excllusivee-ORggate反相器inveerter布爾代數(shù)Boooleanalgebbra真值表trutthtabble卡諾圖theKarnaaughmmap邏輯函數(shù)loggicfuunctioon邏輯表達(dá)式loogiceexpresssion組合邏輯電路ccombinnationnlogiiccirrcuit譯碼器decooder編碼器codeer比較器compparatoor半加器halff-addeer全加器fulll-addeer七段顯示器seeven-ssegmenntdissplay時序邏輯電路ssequenntiallogicccirccuitR-S觸發(fā)器R-Sfflip-fflopD觸發(fā)器Dfllip-fllopJ-K觸發(fā)器JJ-Kfllip-fllop主從型觸發(fā)器mmasterr-slavvefliip-floop置位set復(fù)位reset直接置位端dirrect-ssetteerminaal直接復(fù)位端dirrect-rresettermiinal寄存器regiister移位寄存器shhiftrregistter雙向移位寄存器bbidireectionnalshhiftrregistter計數(shù)器counnter同步計數(shù)器syynchroonouscountter異步計數(shù)器asyynchroonouscountter加法計數(shù)器adddingcountter減法計數(shù)器suubtracctingcountter定時器timeer清除(清0)cllear載入load時鐘脈沖cloockpuulse觸發(fā)脈沖triiggerpulsee上升沿posiitiveedge下降沿negaativeedge時序圖timiingdiiagramm波形圖waveeform單穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器mmonosttableflip--flop雙穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器bbistabblefllip-fllop無穩(wěn)態(tài)振蕩器aastablleosccillattor晶體crystall555定時器555timerr模擬信號anaalogssignall數(shù)字信號diggitalsignaalAD轉(zhuǎn)換器analoog-diigitallconvverterr(ADCC)DA轉(zhuǎn)換器digiital-aanaloggconvverterr(DACC)半導(dǎo)體存儲器只只讀存儲器readd-onlyymemoory(ROM)隨機(jī)存取存儲器randoom-acccessmmemoryy(RAM)可編程ROMpprograammablleROMM(PROM)常見英文縮寫解釋釋(按字母順順序排列)::ASIC::AppllicatiionSppecifiicInttegrattedCiircuitt.專用ICCPPLD:CCompleexProogrammmableLogiccDeviice.復(fù)雜可編程程邏輯器件EDA::
EllectroonicDDesignnAutoomatioon.
電子設(shè)計自自動化FPGAA:FieeldPrrogrammmableeGateeArraay.現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列GAL::
GeenericcArraayLoggic.
通用陣列邏邏輯HDL::
HaardwarreDesscripttionLLanguaage.
硬件描述語語言IP:
InttelliggentPProperrty.
智能模塊PAL::
PrrogrammmableeArraayLoggic.
可編程陣列列邏輯RTL::
ReegisteerTraansferrLeveel.
寄存器傳輸輸級描述)SOC::
SyystemOnaChip..
片上系統(tǒng)SLICC:
SSystemmLeveelIC..
系統(tǒng)級ICVHHDL:VVeryhhighsspeedinteggrateddcirccuitHHardwaareDeescripptionLanguuage.
超高速集成成電路硬件描描述語言。ASIC(專用集集成電路)::Appliicatioon-SpeecificcInteegrateedCirrcuit..Apiieceoofcusstom-ddesignnedhaardwarreinaachipp.專用集成電電路。一個在在一個芯片上上定制設(shè)計的的硬件。addressbus(地址總線線):Asettofeelectrricallinessconnnecteddtottheprrocesssoranndallloftthepeeripheealswwithwhhichiitcommmunicaates.Theaaddresssbussisuusedbbytheeproccessorrtosselecttaspeecificcmemooryloocatioonorregissterwwithinnapaarticuularpperiphheral..Ifttheadddresssbuscontaainsnnelecctricaallinnes,ttheprrocesssorcaanuniiquelyyaddrressuupto2^nssuchllocatiions.一個連接處處理器與所有有外設(shè)的,用用來通訊的電電子線路集。地地址總線被處處理器用來選選擇在特定外外設(shè)中的存儲儲器地址或寄寄存器。如果果地址總線有有n條電子線路路,處理器能能唯一尋址高高達(dá)2^n的地址空間間。applicattionssoftwaare(應(yīng)用軟件件)Descrribessoftwwaremmoduleesspeecificctoaapartticulaarembbeddeddprojject.Theaappliccationnsofttwareisunnlikellytobereeusablleacrrosseembedddedpllatforrms,ssimplyybecaauseeeacheembedddedsyystemhasaadiffferenttappllicatiion.用來描述一一個特定的嵌嵌入式項目中中的某一軟件件模塊。應(yīng)用用軟件不象可可重用的交叉叉嵌入式平臺臺,只是因為為每一個嵌入入式系統(tǒng)有不不同的應(yīng)用軟軟件。assembleer(匯編編譯譯器)Asofftwareedeveelopmeenttooolthhattrranslaateshhuman--readaableaassembblylaanguaggeproogramssintoomachhine-llanguaageinnstrucctionssthatttheproceessorcanuundersstandaandexxecutee.一個能把人人可讀的匯編編語言程序轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換到處理器器可理解和運(yùn)運(yùn)行的機(jī)器指指令的軟件開開發(fā)工具。assemblyylangguage(匯編語言言)Ahumman-reeadablleforrmofaproocessoor"siinstruuctionnset..Mosttproccessorr-speccificfuncttionsmustbewrrittenninaassembblylaanguagge.一種人可讀讀的處理器指指令集的形式式。大多數(shù)處處理器相關(guān)的的功能必須用用匯編語言編編寫。ADIMM(advanncedDDualIIn-linneMemmoryMModulees,高級雙重重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存存模塊)AMR(Audio/ModemmRiseer;音效/調(diào)調(diào)制解調(diào)器主主機(jī)板附加直直立插卡)AHA(AccellerateedHubbArchhitectture,加速中心心架構(gòu))ASKIR(AmpliitudeShifttKeyeedInffra-Reed,長波形可可移動輸入紅紅外線)ATX::ATEExtendd(擴(kuò)展型AT)BIOS(BasiccInpuut/OuttputSSystemm,基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng))CSE(ConfiigurattionSSpaceEnablle,可分配空空間)DB:DevicceBayy,設(shè)備插架DMI(DeskttopMaanagemmentIInterfface,桌面管理理接口)EB(ExpannsionBus,擴(kuò)展總線線)EISA(EnhanncedIIndusttrySttandarrdArcchiteccture,增強(qiáng)形工工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)構(gòu))EMI(ElecttromaggneticcInteerfereence,電磁干擾擾)ESCD(ExtenndedSSystemmConffiguraationData,可擴(kuò)展系系統(tǒng)配置數(shù)據(jù)據(jù))FBC(FrameeBuffferCaache,幀緩沖緩緩存)FireeWire(火線,即IEEE11394標(biāo)準(zhǔn))FSB::FronntSiddeBuss,前置總線線,即外部總總線FWH(FirmmwareHub,固件中心心)GMCH(Graphhics&&MemooryCoontrolllerHHub,圖形和內(nèi)內(nèi)存控制中心心)GPIs(GenerralPuurposeeInpuuts,普通操作作輸入)ICH(Inputt/OutpputCoontrolllerHHub,輸入/輸出控制中中心)IR(infraaredrray,紅外線)IrDA(infraaredrray,紅外線通通信接口可進(jìn)進(jìn)行局域網(wǎng)存存取和文件共共享)ISA::InduustryStanddardAArchittecturre,工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)ISA(instrructioonsettarchhitectture,工業(yè)設(shè)置置架構(gòu))MDC(MobilleDauughterrCardd,移動式子子卡)MRH--R(MemorryReppeaterrHub,內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)處理中心)MRH--S(SDRAMMRepeeaterHub,SDRAM數(shù)據(jù)處理中中心)MTH(MemorryTraansferrHub,內(nèi)存轉(zhuǎn)換換中心)NGIO(NextGenerrationnInpuut/Outtput,新一代輸輸入/輸出標(biāo)準(zhǔn))P64H(64-biitPCIIConttrolleerHubb,64位PCI控制中心)PCB(printtedciircuittboarrd,印刷電路路板)PCBA(PrinttedCiircuittBoarrdAsssemblyy,印刷電路路板裝配)PCI::PeriipheraalCommponenntIntterconnnect,互連外圍圍設(shè)備PCISIG(PerippherallCompponenttInteerconnnectSSpeciaalIntteresttGrouup,互連外圍圍設(shè)備專業(yè)組組)POST(PowerrOnSSelfTTest,加電自測試試)RNG(RandoomnummberGGeneraator,隨機(jī)數(shù)字字發(fā)生器)RTC::ReallTimeeClocck(實時時鐘鐘)KBC(KeyBrroadCControol,鍵盤控制制器)SAP(SidebbandAAddresssPorrt,邊帶尋址址端口)SBA(SideBandAddreessingg,邊帶尋址址)SMA::SharreMemmoryAArchittecturre,共享內(nèi)存存結(jié)構(gòu)STD(SuspeendTooDiskk,磁盤喚醒醒)STR(SuspeendTooRAM,內(nèi)存喚醒醒)SVR::SwittchinggVolttageRRegulaator(交換式電電壓調(diào)節(jié))USB(UniveersalSeriaalBuss,通用串行行總線)USDM(UnifiiedSyystemDiagnnosticcManaager,統(tǒng)一系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)監(jiān)測管理器器)VID(VoltaageIddentifficatiionDeefinittion,電壓識別別認(rèn)證)VRM(VoltaageReegulattorMoodule,電壓調(diào)整整模塊)ZIF::ZerooInseertionnForcce,零插力主板技術(shù)GiggabyteeACOPPS:AuutomatticCPPUOveerHeattPrevventioonSysstem(CPU過熱預(yù)防系系統(tǒng))SIV::SysttemInnformaationVieweer(系統(tǒng)信息息觀察)磐英ESDJ(EaasySeettinggDuallJumpper,簡化CPU雙重跳線法法)浩鑫UPT(USBB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUUT四重接口)芯片組ACPII(AdvanncedCConfigguratiionanndPowwerInnterfaace,先進(jìn)設(shè)置置和電源管理理)AGP(AccellerateedGraaphicssPortt,圖形加速速接口)I/O(Inputt/Outpput,輸入/輸出)MIOCC:MemmoryaandI//OBriidgeCControoller,內(nèi)存和I/O橋控制器NBC::NortthBriidgeCChip(北橋芯片片)PIIXX:PCIIISA//IDEAAcceleeratorr(加速器)PSE336:PaageSiizeExxtensiion366-bit,36位頁面尺寸寸擴(kuò)展模式PXB::PCIExpannderBBridgee,PCI增強(qiáng)橋RCG::RAS//CASGGeneraator,RAS/CCAS發(fā)生器SBC::SoutthBriidgeCChip(南橋芯片片)SMB::SysttemMaanagemmentBBus(全系統(tǒng)管管理總線)SPD(SeriaalPreesenceeDeteect,內(nèi)存內(nèi)部部序號檢測裝裝置)SSB::SupeerSouuthBrridge,超級南橋橋芯片TDP::TrittonDaataPaath(數(shù)據(jù)路徑徑)TSC::TrittonSyystemContrrollerr(系統(tǒng)控制制器)QPA::QuaddPorttAcceelerattion(四接口加加速)BBSP(板卡支持持包)Seebboardsuppoortpaackagee.見boarddsuppportppackagge。binarrysemmaphorre(二元信號)Atyppeofsemapphorewithjusttwosstatess.Alssocallledaamuteex.一種只有兩兩種狀態(tài)的信信號。也叫互互斥信號。boardsuupporttpackkage(板卡支持持包)Partofasoftwwareppackaggethaatisproceessororpllatforrm-deppendennt.Tyypicallly,saamplesourccecoddeforrtheboarddsuppportppackaggeisproviidedbbytheepackkageddevelooper.Thessampleecodeemusttbemmodifiiedassneceessaryy,commpiledd,anddlinkkedwiiththheremmaindeerofthessoftwaarepaackagee.軟件包的具具有平臺依賴賴性的那一部部分。典型地地,板卡支持持包的樣例源源程序由包開開發(fā)者提供。樣樣例源程序必必須能在需要要時被修改、編編譯并與軟件件包的剩下的的部分連接起起來。bond-outtproccessorr(外合處理理器)Aspeecialversiionoffaprrocesssorthhathaassommeoftheiinternnalsiignalssbrouughtoouttooexteernalpins..Aboond-ouutproocessoorismostoftennfounndwitthinaanemulaatoraandissneveerinttendeddtobbeuseedinaprooductiionsyystem..一種特殊版版本的處理器器,它有一些些,內(nèi)部的信信號能傳達(dá)到到外置的針腳腳上。一個外外合處理器絕絕大多數(shù)情況況下只用在模模擬器上,從從來不會被特特意用在產(chǎn)品品系統(tǒng)上。Breakpoiint(斷點(diǎn))Aloccationninaaproggramaatwhiichexxecutiionisstobbestooppedandccontroolofthepprocesssorsswitchhedtoothedebuggger.Mechaanismssforcreattingaandreemovinngbreeakpoiintsaareprrovideedbymostdebugggingtoolss.一個在程序序中的地址,在在那里程序的的執(zhí)行被停止止,并且處理理器的控制轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換到了除錯錯程序。大多多數(shù)除錯工具具提供增加與與刪除一個斷斷點(diǎn)的機(jī)制。2CISC(復(fù)雜指令令集計算機(jī))CompllexInnstrucctionSetCComputter.DDescriibestthearrchiteectureeofaaproccessorrfamiily.CCISCpprocesssorsgenerrallyfeatuurevaariablle-lenngthiinstruuctionns,muultiplleadddressiingfoormatss,anddconttainoonlyaasmalllnummberoofgenneral--purpooseregissters..Inteel"s880x86famillyistheqquinteessenttialeexamplleofCISC..ConttrastwithRISC..復(fù)雜指令集集計算機(jī)。對對一種處理器器架構(gòu)的描述述。CISC處理器一般般產(chǎn)生變長的的指令,多種種地址格式,并并且僅僅有少少量的通用寄寄存器。Intel的80x86家族是是典典型的CISC處理器。相相對于RISC而言。CPU(中央處理理器)CentrralPrrocesssingUUnit.Theppartoofapprocesssortthateexecuttesinnstrucctionss.中央處理器器。處理器中中執(zhí)行指令的的那一部分。Compilerr(編譯器)Asofftwareedeveelopmeenttooolthhattrranslaateshhigh-llevellanguuagepprograamsinntothhemacchine--languuageiinstruuctionnsthaatapparticcularproceessorcanuundersstandandeexecutte.把高級編程程語言程序轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換到只有特特定的處理器器能了解和執(zhí)執(zhí)行的機(jī)器指指令的一種軟軟件開發(fā)包。context(上下文)Theccurrenntstaateofftheproceessor""sreggisterrsanddflaggs.處理器當(dāng)前前的狀態(tài)和標(biāo)標(biāo)志。contextswitcch(上下文切切換)Thepprocesssofswitcchingfromonettaskttoanootherinamultiitaskiingopperatiingsyystem..Acoontexttswittchinnvolveessavvingtthecoontexttofttheruunninggaskandrrestorringttheprreviouusly-ssavedconteextofftheotherr.Theepiecceofcodethatdoesthisisneecessaarilyproceessor--speciific.在多任務(wù)操操作系統(tǒng)中我我一個任務(wù)切切換到另一個個的過程。上上下文切換包包括保存正在在運(yùn)行的任務(wù)務(wù)的上下文和和恢復(fù)早先保保存的另一個個任務(wù)的上下下文。做這個個工作的一段段代碼必須具具有處理器特特權(quán)。countinggsemaaphoree(計數(shù)信號號)Atyppeofsemapphorethatisussedtootracckmulltipleeresoourcessoftthesaametyype.AAnatttempttotaakeacounttingssemaphhoreiisbloockedonlyifallloftheaavailaablerresourrcesaareinnuse..Conttrastwithbinarrysemmaphorre.一種用來跟跟蹤多個相同同類型資源的的信號燈。僅僅僅在所有可可用的資源都都被用完了時時才阻塞。相相對二元信號號而言。criticallsecttion(臨界段)Abloockoffcodeethattmusttbeeexecuttedinnsequuenceandwwithouutintterrupptiontoguuarantteecoorrecttoperrationnoftthesooftwarre.Seeealssoracceconnditioon.一段必須按按次序執(zhí)行的的代碼,并且且不能被中斷斷,否則不能能保證軟件正正確地操作。參參照:競爭狀狀況。cross-coompileer(交叉編譯譯器)Acommpilerrthattrunssonaadiffferenttplattformthantheoonefoorwhiichittprodducesobjecctcodde.Acrosss-comppilerrunsonahostcompuuteraandprroduceesobjjectccodefforthhetarrget.一個運(yùn)行在在不同的平臺臺上的編譯器器,其中之一一能產(chǎn)生目標(biāo)標(biāo)代碼。交叉叉編譯器在主主機(jī)上運(yùn)行并并且產(chǎn)生目標(biāo)標(biāo)機(jī)的目標(biāo)代代碼。DDMA(直接內(nèi)存存訪問)DirecctMemmoryAAccesss.Attechniiqueffortrransfeerringgdataadireectlybetweeentwwoperripherrals((usualllymeemoryandaanI/OOdeviice)wwithoonlymminimaalinttervenntionbythheproocessoor.DMMAtraansferrsareemanaagedbbyatthirdperippherallcallledaDMAccontrooller..直接內(nèi)存訪訪問。一種直直接在兩個外外設(shè)(通常是是內(nèi)存和I/O設(shè)備)之間間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳傳輸?shù)募夹g(shù),它它只要處理器器最少的介入入。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第第三方外設(shè)進(jìn)進(jìn)行管理。DRAM(動態(tài)隨隨機(jī)訪問存儲儲器)DynammicRaandom--AccesssMemmory.AtyppeofRAMtthatmmaintaainsiitscoontenttsonllyaslongasthhedattastoorediintheedeviiceissrefrresheddatrregulaarinttervalls.TheerefrreshccyclessareusualllypeerformmedbyyapeeripheeralccalleddaDRRAMcoontrolller.動態(tài)隨機(jī)訪訪問存儲器。一一種RAM,存儲在其其設(shè)備中的數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)被定期刷刷新時才能保保存它的內(nèi)容容。刷新周期期一般由一個個叫DRAM控制器的外外設(shè)完成。Databuss(數(shù)據(jù)總線線)Asettofeelectrricallinessconnnecteddtottheprrocesssoranndallloftthepeeripheeralswithwhichhitccommunnicatees.Whhenthheproocessoorwanntstooreadd(wriite)ttheconntentssofaamemooryloocatioonorregissterwwithinnapaarticuularpperiphheral,,itssetsttheadddresssbuspinsapproopriattelyaandreeceivees(trransmiits)tthecoontenttsontheddatabbus.連接處理器器與所有外設(shè)設(shè)進(jìn)行通訊的的電子線路集集。當(dāng)一個處處理器想去寫寫(讀)某一一特定外設(shè)中中的存儲器地地址或寄存器器中的內(nèi)容時時,處理器設(shè)設(shè)置地址總線線并在數(shù)據(jù)總總線上接收(傳傳輸)內(nèi)容。Deadlinee(死線)Thettimeaatwhiichapartiicularrsetofcoomputaationssmusttbeccompleeted.Seeaalsoreeal-tiimesyystem..一個特定計計算必須被完完成的時間。請請看實時系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)。Deadlockk(死鎖)Anunnwanteedsofftwareesituuationninwwhichanenntiresetooftassksissbloccked,waitinngforraneeventthatonlyatasskwitthintthesaameseetcanncausse.Iffadeeadlocckocccurs,theoonlyssolutiionisstorresetthehhardwaare.HHoweveer,ittisuusualllyposssibleetopprevenntdeaadlockksalttogethherbyyfolllowinggcerttainssoftwaaredeesignpracttices..一種不希望望出現(xiàn)的軟件件狀態(tài),在這這個狀態(tài)下,所所有的任務(wù)因因為等待一個個只有在這些些被阻塞任務(wù)務(wù)之一才能產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的事件而而被阻塞。如如果死鎖發(fā)生生,唯一解決決的方法是重重啟動硬件。但但是,通過可可靠的軟件設(shè)設(shè)計實踐活動動通??梢苑婪乐顾梨i的發(fā)發(fā)生。debugmoonitorr(除錯監(jiān)視視程序)Apieeceoffembeeddedsoftwwaretthathhasbeeendeesigneedspeecificcallyforuuseassadeebuggiingtoool.IItusuuallyresiddesinnROMandccommunnicateeswitthaddebugggerviiaasseriallporttornnetworrkconnnectiion.TThedeebugmmonitoorproovidessaseetofprimiitivecommaandsttovieewanddmodiifymeemorylocattionsandrregistters,creatteanddremoovebrreakpooints,,andexecuuteyoourprrogramm.Theedebuuggercombiinesttheseprimiitivesstoffulfilllhiggher-llevelrequeestsllikepprograamdowwnloaddandsinglle-steep.嵌入式軟件件被特殊設(shè)計計來作為除錯錯工具的一部部分。它一般般被放在ROM中,通過串串口或網(wǎng)絡(luò)與與除錯器進(jìn)行行通訊。除錯錯監(jiān)視程序提提供一個簡單單的命令集來來顯示和內(nèi)存存地址和寄存存器、建立和和移除斷點(diǎn),并并且運(yùn)行你的的程序。除錯錯監(jiān)視器組合合這些簡單的的命令去實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象程序下載載各單步調(diào)試試等高端的請請求。Debuggerr(除錯器)Asofftwareedeveelopmeenttooolussedtootesttanddebuggembeeddedsoftwware.Theddebugggerruunsonnahoostcoomputeeranddconnnectstothhetarrgettthrougghasseriallporttornnetworrkconnnectiion.UUsingadebbuggerryoucanddownlooadsooftwarretothettargettforimmeddiateexecuution..Youcanaalsossetbrreakpoointsandeexaminnetheeconttentsofsppecifiicmemmoryllocatiionsaandreegi
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 辦公設(shè)備購銷合同專業(yè)版
- 小產(chǎn)權(quán)房買賣合同參考范本
- 農(nóng)村房屋繼承協(xié)議書樣式
- 工程委托設(shè)計合同示范
- 代征稅款委托協(xié)議樣本
- 合肥市建筑材料購銷合同
- 員工勞動合同范本規(guī)范文本
- 員工購房抵押貸款合同范本
- 彩色鋼板工程承包合同模板
- 2024年農(nóng)村土地買賣協(xié)議書范本
- 湖北省鄂東南省級示范高中教育教學(xué)改革聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考政治試題
- 海水淡化處理方案
- 福建省廈門市翔安區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年九年級上學(xué)期期中英語試題
- 學(xué)生對學(xué)校滿意度評價表
- 化工項目國民經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 化工項目技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)
- 計算與人工智能概論智慧樹知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下湖南大學(xué)
- 小學(xué)一年級下冊數(shù)學(xué)期末考試質(zhì)量分析及試卷分析
- 原材料情況說明范本
- 疲勞駕駛安全教育內(nèi)容
- ICH技術(shù)指導(dǎo)原則概述
- 15D503利用建筑物金屬體做防雷及接地裝置安裝圖集
評論
0/150
提交評論