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2023年5月CATTI三級(jí)筆譯真題及答案Section1:English-ChineseTranslation(50points)Forgenerations,coalhasbeenthelifebloodofthismineral-richstretchofeasternUtah.Miningfamiliesproudlyrecallalltheyearstheytoiledunderground.Supplycompanieslinethetownstreets.Abovetheroadthat(yī)windstowardthemines,asoot-smudgedminerpeersoutfromabillboardwiththeslogan“Coal=Jobs.”猶他州東部有一個(gè)礦產(chǎn)豐富的小鎮(zhèn),那里的人們祖祖輩輩都以采煤為生。一提起在地下辛勞采煤時(shí)的情景,每個(gè)家庭總是倍感驕傲。街道兩旁的煤炭供應(yīng)公司一個(gè)挨著一個(gè)。在通往礦井的蜿蜒小路上方的廣告牌上,一個(gè)滿臉炭灰的礦工凝視著遠(yuǎn)方,旁邊的標(biāo)語寫著“煤炭=工作”。Butrecently,fearhassettledin.Thestate’soldestcoal-firedpowerplant,tuckedamongthecanyonsneartown,issettoclose,aresultofnew,stricterfederalpollutionregulations.但是最近,小鎮(zhèn)的人們心里充滿了恐驚。聯(lián)邦政府新頒布了一套更為嚴(yán)格的污染管理?xiàng)l例,這使得小鎮(zhèn)附近峽谷之中的一家美國最古老的燃煤電廠頻臨倒閉。Asenergycompaniestackawayfromcoal,towardcleaner,cheapernaturalgas,peopleherehavegrownincreasinglyafraidthattheircommunitymaysoonslipaway.Dozensofworkersatthefacilityhere,theCarbonPowerPlant,havelearnedthattheymustretireearlyorseekotherjobs.Localtruckingandequipmentoutfitsarepreparingtotakebusinesselsewhere.由于能源公司紛紛棄用煤炭,轉(zhuǎn)而使用更清潔、更便宜的天然氣,小鎮(zhèn)的人們?cè)絹碓侥懬?他們的家園也許不久就會(huì)人去樓空??ū倦姀S的幾十名工人早就意識(shí)到,他們要么提前退休,要么另謀職業(yè)。本地的貨運(yùn)和裝配人員正準(zhǔn)備開發(fā)外地的業(yè)務(wù)?!癟herearealotofpeopleworried,”saidKyleDavis,whohasbeenemployedattheplantsincehewas18.凱爾戴維斯從18歲起,一直在卡本電廠工作。他說:“很多人都在擔(dān)憂。”Mr.Davis,56,workedhiswayupfromsweepingfloorstomanagingoperationsattheplant,whosefurnaceshavebeenburningsince1954.戴維斯先生今年56歲,從清潔工人一直做到電廠的經(jīng)營(yíng)主管。卡本電廠的高爐從1954年開工,一直燃燒至今?!癐wouldhavelikedtobehereforanotherfiveyears,”hesaid.“I’mtooyoungtoretire.”他說:“假如也許,我還想再工作五年。畢竟我還很年輕,沒到退休年齡。”ButRockyMountainPower,theutilitythatoperatestheplant,hasdeterminedthatitwouldbetooexpensivetoretrofittheagingplanttomeetnewfederalstandardsonmercuryemissions.TheplantisscheduledtobeshutbyApril2023.公共事業(yè)公司落基山電力公司是卡本電廠的經(jīng)營(yíng)者,公司已經(jīng)決定,要達(dá)成聯(lián)邦政府最新規(guī)定的水銀排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),就必須改造日趨老化的電廠,而改造費(fèi)用實(shí)在是太貴了,并不可行。電廠計(jì)劃在2023年4月關(guān)閉?!癢ehadbeenworkingforthebetterpartofthree(cuò)years,testingcompliancestrategies,”saidDavidEskelsen,aspokesmanfortheutility.“Noneoftheonesweinvestigatedreallywouldproducetheresultsthatwouldmeettherequirements.”大衛(wèi)艾斯凱爾森是電力公司的發(fā)言人。他說:“三年來,我們一直在不斷地努力改善,嘗試各種合規(guī)策略。通過調(diào)查,這些策略都不能滿足政府的規(guī)定?!盕orthelastseveralyears,coalplantshavebee(cuò)nshuttingdownacrossthecountry,drivenbytougherenvironmentalregulations,flatteningelectricitydemandandamovebyutilitiestowardnaturalgas.近年來,政府的環(huán)境保護(hù)條例更加苛刻,人們用電的需求量逐漸下滑,加之公共事業(yè)公司打算向天然氣轉(zhuǎn)型,美國境內(nèi)已有數(shù)家燃煤電廠被迫關(guān)閉。Thismonth,theboardofdirectorsoftheTennesseeValleyAuthority,thecountry’slargestpublicpowerutility,votedtoshuteightcoal-poweredplantsinAlabamaandKentuckyandpartlyreplacethemwithgas-firedpower.Since2023,morethan150coalplantshavebee(cuò)nclosedorscheduledforretirement.田納西河流域管理局是美國最大的公共電力公司。本月,其董事會(huì)投票表決,關(guān)閉位于阿拉巴馬州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤電廠,部分電廠轉(zhuǎn)整天然氣電廠。2023年起,150多家燃煤電廠有的已經(jīng)關(guān)閉,有的即將關(guān)閉。TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyestimatesthat(yī)thestricteremissionsregulationsfortheplantswillresultinbillionsofdollarsinrelat(yī)edhealthsavings,andwillhaveasweepingimpactonairquality.美國環(huán)保局估計(jì),這些針對(duì)燃煤電廠制定的更為嚴(yán)格的排放管理?xiàng)l例將節(jié)省數(shù)十億美元的健康儲(chǔ)蓄金,明顯改善空氣質(zhì)量。Inrecentwee(cuò)ks,theagencyheld11“l(fā)isteningsessions”aroundthecountryinadvanceofproposingadditionalrulesforcarbondioxideemissions.二氧化碳排放的補(bǔ)充條款頒布之前,美國環(huán)保局近幾周來在全國范圍內(nèi)召開了11場(chǎng)“聽證會(huì)”?!癈oalplantsarethesinglelargestsourceofdangerouscarbonpollutionintheUnitedStates,andwehavereadyalternativeslikewindandsolartoreplacethem,”saidBruceNilles,directoroftheSierraClub’sBeyondCoalcampaign,whichwantstoshutallofthenat(yī)ion’scoalplants.布魯斯尼爾斯是塞拉俱樂部“超越煤炭”活動(dòng)的負(fù)責(zé)人,該行動(dòng)旨在關(guān)閉美國所有的燃煤電廠。他說“燃煤電廠是美國危險(xiǎn)性最大的碳污染源,我們已經(jīng)采用其他能源代替煤炭,比如風(fēng)力發(fā)電和太陽能發(fā)電?!盕ormanyhere,coaljobsarealltheyknow.Theindustryunitedtheareaduringhardtimes,too,especiallyduringthedarkdaysafterninemendiedina2023miningaccidentsome35milesdownthehighway.VirtuallyeveryonearoundPriceknewthemen,sixofwhomremainentombedinthemountainside.對(duì)于這里的許多人來說,采煤對(duì)他們?cè)偈煜さ橇恕?ū镜拿禾抗I(yè)在困難時(shí)間也能把人們團(tuán)結(jié)起來,特別是2023年礦難發(fā)生后的黑暗時(shí)期。那次礦難發(fā)生在距離公路南35英里的礦區(qū),礦難導(dǎo)致九人死亡,普里斯附近每一個(gè)人幾乎都結(jié)識(shí)遇難者,有六名遇難者至今還埋在山里。ButthereisquietacknowledgmentthatCarbonCountywillhavetochange—ifnotnow,soon.盡管如此,人們心里還是默默地認(rèn)可,卡本縣必須改變,現(xiàn)在不變,不久也會(huì)變。DavidPalacios’sfat(yī)her,Pete,whoworkedintheminesfor43years,hasseencoalroarandfadehere.Now86,hiseyesgrewcloudyasherecalledhisfirstminingjob.Hewas12,andearned$1aday.大衛(wèi)帕拉西奧斯的父親名叫皮特,在礦區(qū)工作了43年,見證了卡本煤炭工業(yè)的興衰。皮特今年86歲,當(dāng)回憶第一次采煤的情景,他雙眼濕潤(rùn)了。那年他才12歲,天天掙1美元?!癐’mretired,soI’llbefine.Buttheseyoungguys?”PetePalaciossaid,hisvoicetrailingoff.“我退休了,日子會(huì)好過一些。可是這樣年輕人呢”皮特帕拉西奧斯說,聲音低不可聞。Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)天柱縣位于貴州省東部,是川渝黔通兩廣、江浙的重要門戶,素有“黔東第一關(guān)”、“中國重晶石之鄉(xiāng)”、“貴州高原黃金城”之稱。LocatedeastofGuizhou,TianzhuCountyisanimportantgatewayfromSichuan,ChongqingandGuizhoutoGuangxi,Guangdong,JiangsuandZhejiang.Ithaslongbeenknownasthe“FirstPassinEastGuizhou”,the“homeofBariteinChina”andthe“GoldCityontheGuizhouPl(wèi)ateau”.天柱縣總面積2201平方公里,轄16個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),326個(gè)行政村,總?cè)丝冢矗比f余人,以侗、苗族為主的少數(shù)民族人口占98.3%。是貴州省少數(shù)民族比例最多的縣份之一。Withatotalareaof2,201squarekilometers,TianzhuCountyiscomposedof16townshipsand326administrativevillages.Ethnicminorities,predominantlyDongandMiao,constitute98.3%ofthelocalpopulationofmorethan410thousand.ItisoneofthecountieswiththehighestconcentrationofethnicminoritiesinGuizhou.天柱蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的自然資源。氣候溫和,土壤肥沃,是貴州重要糧食生產(chǎn)基地,享有“黔東糧倉”的美譽(yù)。本地年產(chǎn)煙葉2.6萬擔(dān)(一擔(dān)=50公斤),是中國煙葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)。這里林業(yè)資源豐富,森林面積達(dá)185萬畝(一畝=1/15公頃),覆蓋率達(dá)56%,是貴州十大林業(yè)基地縣之一。重晶石、黃金、煤等礦產(chǎn)資源也十分豐富。Tianzhuboastsabundantnaturalresources.Endowedwithmoderateclimateandfertilesoil,itisamajorgrainproductionbaseinGuizhouandisreputedasthe“BreadbasketinEastGuizhou”.ItisalsoamajortobaccoleafproducerinChinawithanannualoutputof26thousanddans(onedan=50kilograms).Furthermore,theextensiveforestsinthecountycoveranareaof1.85millionmus(onemu=1/15hectare),56%ofthecounty’stotalarea.Besidesbeingoneofthetenlargestcounty-levelbasesofforestresourcesinGuizhou,italsoaboundsinbarite,gold,coalandothermineralresources.天柱乘西部大開發(fā)的東風(fēng),迅速崛起。全縣國民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,綜合實(shí)力日益增長(zhǎng),人民生活水平在不斷提高,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整日趨優(yōu)化,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)得以加強(qiáng),城鄉(xiāng)面貌日新月異?!吧鷳B(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)美,文化教育優(yōu)越,綜合服務(wù)優(yōu)化,人居條件優(yōu)良,經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿活力”的新天柱呈現(xiàn)在世人面前。Benefitingfromthecountry’s“gowest”campaign,TianzhuCountyhasenteredintoafasttrackofdevelopment.ManyencouragingchangesincomprehensivestrengthshavetakenplaceinTianzhu:steadyeconomicgrowth,improvementofthepeople’slivelihood,adjustmentandoptimizationoftheindustrialstructure,aswellasinfrastructureimprovement.AndtodayTianzhuispresentinganewimagefeaturingasoundecologicalenvironment,developedcultureandeducat(yī)ion,improvedcomprehensiveservicesandhabitatconditions,aswellasamorevibranteconomytotheworld.(秋陽、本譯文來自網(wǎng)絡(luò))文章的第一段正是我們?cè)诜g課上反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的7大成分不做主句解決的一個(gè)典型實(shí)例。我們著重講授了如下7個(gè)成分一般情況下不在英語句子中充當(dāng)重要句子成分,而是解決為附帶或次要成分,這樣才可以將英語的語句解決得錯(cuò)落有致,層次分明。7大成分涉及:歷史,文化,人口,地理位置,創(chuàng)建時(shí)間,占地面積以及對(duì)主語的基本界定。第一段中涉及“地理位置”,“對(duì)主語的基本界定”。按照我們所講的方法,把地理位置放在句首作為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),然后出現(xiàn)主語,再連接對(duì)主語的基本界定,即同位語短語,最后是主句。LocatedineasternGuizhouProvince,TianzhuCounty,animportantgatewaytoProvincesofGuangxi,Guangdong,JiangsuandZhejiangfromSichuanProvince,ChongqingandGuizhouProvince,isknowntotheworldas“theFirstPassinEasternGuizhou”,“theLandofBariteinChina”and“theGoldTownontheGuizhouPl(wèi)ateau.”文章的第二段出現(xiàn)了7大成分中的“占地面積”和“人口”,因此,我們把該段的語序適當(dāng)調(diào)整一下,先譯“占地面積”,然后出現(xiàn)主語,后面緊跟同位語,即對(duì)主語的基本界定,最后是主句。Coveringat(yī)otalareaof2,201kilometers,TianzhuCounty,oneofthecountiesinGuizhouProvincewiththehighestconcentrationofethnicminoritieswithapopulationof410,000,predominatedbytheDongandtheMiaoethnicities,makingup98.3%ofthelocalpopulation,holdsjurisdictionover16townshipsand326administrat(yī)ivevillages.第三段有5句,按照我們課上所講的方法,第一句和第二句合并可以解決成如下versions,體現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞謂語的變化或帶有宗教色彩的動(dòng)詞,此外,我們所講的“是”字的譯法,“特點(diǎn)”的英譯也可以充足表現(xiàn)出來?!疤N(yùn)藏”一詞可以譯成:boast,beblessedwith/befavoredwith,beendowedwith,“氣候溫和,土壤肥沃”應(yīng)當(dāng)可以將其視為“特點(diǎn)”,“是”一詞可以譯成:serveas,functionas,playtheroleof,Version1.Featuredbyitsmoderat(yī)eclimateandfertilesoil,Tianzhu,boastingabundantnaturalresources,servesasamajorbaseofgrainproduction,reputedas“BreadbasketinEastGuizhou.”Version2.Tianzhu,blessedwithabundantnat(yī)uralresourcesandfeaturedbyitsmoderateclimateandfertilesoil,servesasamajorbaseofgrainproduction,reputedas“BreadbasketinEastGuizhou.”此外,假如將我們?cè)凇吨袊栉幕氛Z篇中講的用詞,也可以這樣來譯:Behometosth.表達(dá)蘊(yùn)藏,富有,是。。。的故鄉(xiāng)。Featuredbyitsmoderateclimateandfertilesoil,Tianzhu,hometoabundantnaturalresources,servesasamajorbaseofgrainproduction,reputedas“BreadbasketinEastGuizhou.”第三句翻譯的要點(diǎn)在于“產(chǎn)”字,由于“煙葉”是一種農(nóng)作物,因此,建議使用“yield”做動(dòng)詞或名詞來譯該句。ThislocalityisalsoamajortobaccoproducerinChinawithanannualyieldof26,000dans(1dan=50kilograms).第四句的要點(diǎn)是將森林面積作為附帶成分,使用介詞短語來表達(dá)。還應(yīng)注意英語句子連詞豐富的特點(diǎn),在該句的開始應(yīng)當(dāng)與上一個(gè)句子有一個(gè)承上啟下的連詞,表達(dá)其遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。Furthermore,itisfavoredwithrichandvastforestswithatotalforestareaof1.85millionmus(1mu=1/15hectares),covering56%ofthearea,asoneofthetoptenlargestbasesofforestresourcesinGuizhou.第五句“十分豐富”可由形容詞短語作表語轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞短語。Italsoaboundsinsuchmineralresourcesasbarite,gold,coal,etc.最后一段漢語由三個(gè)句子組成,第一句可以運(yùn)用我們課上所講的witness這一句型來譯:China’s“GoingWest”developmentprogramhaswitnessedtherapidriseofTianzhuCounty.還可以譯成:Great(yī)lybenefitingfromChina’s“GoingWest”developmentprogram,TianzhuCountyhasbeenrapidlydeveloping.用“great(yī)lybenefitingfrom…”來表達(dá)“得益于…”。 ?第二句一方面要梳理句子結(jié)構(gòu),我們課上講的4Cs的第一個(gè)C,即connotation,把該句的邏輯關(guān)系梳理清楚,“城鄉(xiāng)面貌日新月異”可以是對(duì)該句前邊內(nèi)容的一個(gè)概括總結(jié),采用“總分結(jié)構(gòu)”解決:Remarkablechangeshavetakenplaceinthecounty:steadyeconomicgrowth,ever-growingimprovementofthepeople’slivingstandards,increasingadjustmentandoptimizationoftheindustrialstructureaswellastheinfrastructureimprovement.第三句“…的新天柱呈現(xiàn)在世人面前”可以調(diào)整到句首,把前面的若干成分做該句賓語后的定語解決:Tianzhuisunfoldinganewpictureofitssoundecologicalenvironment,well-developedcultureandeducation,improvedcomprehensiveservices,ideallivingconditionsanddynamiceconomicgrowth.相信,我們的同學(xué)會(huì)在本次考試中取得驕人的成績(jī),同時(shí)也提醒各位考生以本次的漢譯英語段命題作為此后漢譯英語段翻譯的一個(gè)風(fēng)向標(biāo),對(duì)說明文的翻譯加強(qiáng)練習(xí),以應(yīng)對(duì)此后的三級(jí),甚至二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)中的語句解決。2023年5月三級(jí)筆譯【天津翻譯專修學(xué)院】Section1:English-ChineseTranslat(yī)ion(50points)Forgenerations,coalhasbeenthelifebloodofthismineral-richstretchofeasternUtah.Miningfamiliesproudlyrecallalltheyearstheytoiledunderground.Supplycompanieslinethetownstreets.Abovetheroadthatwindstowardthemines,asoot-smudgedminerpeersoutfromabillboardwiththeslogan“Coal=Jobs.”世世代代,煤炭始終是東猶他州這片礦產(chǎn)豐富地區(qū)的命脈。采煤的家庭自豪地回憶起他們?cè)诘叵缕D苦勞作的歲月。小鎮(zhèn)的街道上煤炭供應(yīng)公司鱗次櫛比。在那蜿蜒曲折通往煤礦的山路上方,從廣告牌的一側(cè)露出一張礦工充滿煤灰的臉,旁邊寫著這樣的一句標(biāo)語“煤碳=飯碗。”Butrecently,fearhassettledin.Thestate’soldestcoal-firedpowerplant,tuckedamongthecanyonsneartown,issettoclose,aresultofnew,stricterfederalpollutionregulations.但最近,恐驚之感漸漸襲來。由于新頒布的聯(lián)邦排放法規(guī)更嚴(yán)格,該州位于鎮(zhèn)附近峽谷中的最古老的燃煤電廠已擬定關(guān)閉。Asenergycompaniestackawayfromcoal,towardcleaner,cheapernaturalgas,peopleherehavegrownincreasinglyafraidthattheircommunitymaysoonslipaway.Dozensofworkersatthefacilityhere,theCarbonPowerPlant,havelearnedthattheymustretiree(cuò)arlyorseekotherjobs.Localtruckingandequipmentoutfitsarepreparingtotakebusinesselsewhere.隨著能源公司脫離煤炭,轉(zhuǎn)向更清潔,更便宜的天然氣,這里的人們也越來越緊張他們的社區(qū)會(huì)不久悄然消失。在這里的工廠----卡本發(fā)電廠(碳發(fā)電廠)里的幾十個(gè)工人已經(jīng)得知,他們必須提前退休或?qū)で笃渌ぷ?。本地的運(yùn)送和設(shè)備裝置公司正準(zhǔn)備到其它地方尋找業(yè)務(wù)?!埃詇erearealotofpeopleworried,”saidKyleDavis,whohasbee(cuò)nemployedat(yī)theplantsincehewas18.凱爾·戴維斯自18歲就一直在這家工廠做工,他說:“這里有很多人在緊張”。Mr.Davis,56,workedhiswayupfromsweepingfloorstomanagingoperat(yī)ionsattheplant,whosefurnaceshavebeenburningsince1954.戴維斯先生現(xiàn)年56歲,他一路努力工作,從掃地工升任為工廠的業(yè)務(wù)主管,該廠的火爐自1954年以來一直在燃燒?!癐wouldhavelikedtobehereforanotherfiveyears,”hesaid.“I’mtooyoungtoretire.”“我原本打算在這里再干五年,”他說?!拔疫€太年輕,退休早了點(diǎn)?!盉utRockyMountainPower,theutilitythatoperatestheplant,hasdeterminedthat(yī)itwouldbetooexpensivetoretrofittheagingplanttomeetnewfederalstandardsonmercuryemissions.TheplantisscheduledtobeshutbyApril2023.但管理這家工廠的洛基山電力公司認(rèn)為,要改造老化的工廠來滿足對(duì)汞排放的新的聯(lián)邦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)這一做法實(shí)在成本太高。該工廠預(yù)計(jì)將于2023年四月關(guān)閉。“Wehadbeenworkingforthebetterpartofthreeyears,testingcompliancestrategies,”saidDavidEskelsen,aspokesmanfortheutility.“Noneoftheonesweinvestigat(yī)edreallywouldproducetheresultsthatwouldmee(cuò)ttherequirements.”該電廠的發(fā)言人大衛(wèi)·艾斯克森說:“在過去的三年中,我們的時(shí)間重要用于檢測(cè)電廠的各種合規(guī)策略。我們的檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),任何一種合規(guī)策略都無法達(dá)成新法規(guī)的規(guī)定。”Forthelastseveralyears,coalplantshavebee(cuò)nshuttingdownacrossthecountry,drivenbytougherenvironmentalregulations,flatteningelectricitydemandandamovebyutilitiestowardnaturalgas.Thismonth,theboardofdirectorsoftheTennesseeValleyAuthority,thecountry’slargestpublicpowerutility,votedtoshuteightcoal-poweredplantsinAlabamaandKentuckyandpartlyreplacethemwithgas-firedpower.Since2023,morethan150coalplantshavebeenclosedorscheduledforretirement.近幾年來,由于環(huán)保法規(guī)更加嚴(yán)格、電力需求不斷下降、而公用事業(yè)公司又轉(zhuǎn)向天然氣供應(yīng),全國各地的燃煤電廠紛紛關(guān)閉。本月,全國最大的公共電力公司--田納西流域管理局董事會(huì)投票決定,關(guān)閉位于阿拉巴馬州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤電廠并將其中一些電廠升級(jí)為燃?xì)怆姀S。自2023年以來,有150多家燃煤電廠已經(jīng)關(guān)閉或即將退役。TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyestimat(yī)esthatthestricteremissionsregulat(yī)ionsfortheplantswillresultinbillionsofdollarsinrelatedhealthsavings,andwillhaveasweepingimpactonairquality.Inrecentweeks,theagencyheld11“listeningsessions”aroundthecountryinadvanceofproposingadditionalrulesforcarbondioxideemissions.環(huán)保局預(yù)計(jì),更加嚴(yán)格的排放法規(guī)將能節(jié)省數(shù)十億美元的醫(yī)療開支并將對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生全面的影響/能明顯改善空氣質(zhì)量。最近幾周,環(huán)保局在建議出臺(tái)二氧化碳排放補(bǔ)充條例之前,在全國范圍內(nèi)舉行了11次“聽證會(huì)”?!癈oalplantsarethesinglelargestsourceofdangerouscarbonpollutionintheUnitedStat(yī)es,andwehavereadyalternativeslikewindandsolartoreplacethem,”saidBruceNilles,directoroftheSierraClub’sBeyondCoalcampaign,whichwantstoshutallofthenat(yī)ion’scoalplants.塞拉俱樂部發(fā)起的“超越煤炭”運(yùn)動(dòng)希望關(guān)閉全國所有的燃煤電廠。該運(yùn)動(dòng)的負(fù)責(zé)人布魯斯·奈爾斯說:“在美國,燃煤電廠是危險(xiǎn)的碳排放的最大惡源。我們已有現(xiàn)成的方法比如用風(fēng)能和太陽能取代燃煤電廠?!保苚rmanyhere,coaljobsarealltheyknow.Theindustryunitedtheareaduringhardtimes,too,especiallyduringthedarkdaysafterninemendiedina2023miningaccidentsome35milesdownthehighway.VirtuallyeveryonearoundPriceknewthemen,sixofwhomremainentombedinthemountainside.ButthereisquietacknowledgmentthatCarbonCountywillhavetochange—ifnotnow,soon.對(duì)于這里的很多人而言,他們所知道的·只有煤炭開采工作。煤炭行業(yè)在艱難時(shí)期也能將該地區(qū)團(tuán)結(jié)起來,特別是在2023年礦難事件后的黑暗時(shí)期。那次礦難發(fā)生在沿高速公路向南大約35英里的地方,導(dǎo)致九名礦工遇難。普賴斯附近的所有人幾乎都結(jié)識(shí)遇難者,其中有六名遇難者至今仍埋葬在山腰處。但是現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人的心里都清楚,卡本縣將會(huì)發(fā)生變化,即便不是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生,也會(huì)不久就發(fā)生。PetePalacios,whoworkedintheminesfor43years,hasseencoalroarandfadehere.Now86,hiseyesgrewcloudyasherecalledhisfirstminingjob.Hewas12,andearned$1aday.“I’mretired,soI’llbefine.Buttheseyoungguys?”PetePalaciossaid,hisvoicetrailingoff.皮特·帕拉斯奧斯已經(jīng)86歲高齡了,曾在礦山工作43年,見證了煤炭行業(yè)的興衰。他12歲時(shí)就開始工作,天天可以賺到一美元,回憶起自己第一份采礦工作時(shí),老人的目光中充滿了哀愁。他說:“我已經(jīng)退休了,所以我可以安享晚年。但是這些年輕人此后該怎么辦呢?”老人說這番話時(shí)聲音越來越低沉。Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslat(yī)ion(50points)天柱縣位于貴州省東部,是川渝黔通兩廣、江浙的重要門戶,素有“黔東第一關(guān)”、“中國重晶石之鄉(xiāng)”、“貴州高原黃金城”之稱。”.LocatedineasternGuizhouProvince,TianzhuCounty,(as)animportantgatewaytoProvincesofGuangxi,Guangdong,JiangsuandZhejiangfromSichuanProvince,ChongqingandGuizhouProvince,isknowntotheworldas“theFirstPassinEasternGuizhou”,“theLandofBariteinChina”and“theGoldTownontheGuizhouPlateau.”天柱縣總面積2201平方公里,轄16個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),326個(gè)行政村,總?cè)丝?1萬余人,以侗、苗族為主的少數(shù)民族人口占98.3%。是貴州省少數(shù)民族比例最多的縣份之一。Coveringat(yī)otalareaof2,201kilometers,TianzhuCounty,oneofthecountiesinGuizhouProvincewiththehighestconcentrationofethnicminoritieswithapopulat(yī)ionof410,000,predominatedbytheDongandtheMiaoethnicities,makingup98.3%ofthelocalpopulation,hasitsjurisdictionover16townshipsand326administrat(yī)ivevillages.天柱蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的自然資源。氣候溫和,土壤肥沃,是貴州重要糧食生產(chǎn)基地,享有“黔東糧倉”的美譽(yù)。本地年產(chǎn)煙葉2.6萬擔(dān)(一擔(dān)=50公斤),是中國煙葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)。這里林業(yè)資源豐富,森林面積達(dá)185萬畝(一畝=1/15公頃),覆蓋率達(dá)56%,是貴州十大林業(yè)基地縣之一。重晶石、黃金、煤等礦產(chǎn)資源也十分豐富。Tianzhu,blessedwithabundantnaturalresourcesandfeaturedbyitsmoderateclimateandfertilesoil,servesasamajorbaseofgrainproduction,reputedas“BreadbasketinEastGuizhou.”ThislocalityisalsoamajortobaccoleafproducerinChinawithanannualyieldof26,000dans(1dan=50kilograms).Furthermore,itisfavoredwithrichandvastforestswithatotalforestareaof1.85millionmus(1mu=1/15hectares),covering56%oftheareaasoneofthetoptenlargestbasesofforestresourcesinGuizhou.Italsoaboundsinsuchmineralresourcesasbarite,gold,coal,etc.天柱乘西部大開發(fā)的東風(fēng),迅速崛起。全縣國民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,綜合實(shí)力日益增長(zhǎng),人民生活水平在不斷提高,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整日趨優(yōu)化,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)得以加強(qiáng),城鄉(xiāng)面貌日新月異。“生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)美,文化教育優(yōu)越,綜合服務(wù)優(yōu)化,人居條件優(yōu)良,經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿活力”的新天柱呈現(xiàn)在世人面前。China’s“GoingWest”developmentprogramhaswitnessedtherapidriseofTianzhuCounty.Remarkablechangeshavetakenplaceinthecounty:steadyeconomicgrowth,ever-growingimprovementofthepeople’slivingstandards,increasingadjustmentandoptimizationoftheindustrialstructureaswellastheinfrastructureimprovement.Tianzhuisunfoldinganewpictureofitssoundecologicalenvironment,well-developedcultureandeducat(yī)ion,improvedcomprehensiveservices,ideallivingconditionsanddynamiceconomicgrowth.【天譯時(shí)代】Section1Forgenerat(yī)ions,coalhasbeenthelifebloodofthismineral-richstretchofeasternUtah.Miningfamiliesproudlyrecallalltheyearstheytoiledunderground.Supplycompanieslinethetownstreets.Abovetheroadthatwindstowardthemines,asoot-smudgedminerpeersoutfromabillboardwiththeslogan“Coal=Jobs.”對(duì)這個(gè)地處猶他州東部、礦產(chǎn)豐富的地區(qū)而言,煤炭在過去幾代人的眼里一直都是這個(gè)地區(qū)的生命線/經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈。每當(dāng)回憶起作為礦工在地下采煤的歲月時(shí),每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)感到無比自豪。大街的煤炭供應(yīng)公司櫛比鱗次/鱗次櫛比。在蜿蜒通向礦區(qū)的馬路上方,可見一處廣告牌,上面除了有句“煤炭=工作”的標(biāo)語,尚有位滿身煙灰的礦工正凝視著前方。Butrecently,fearhassettledin.Thestate’soldestcoal-firedpowerplant,tuckedamongthecanyonsneartown,issettoclose,aresultofnew,stricterfederalpollutionregulations.但是最近,人們開始擔(dān)憂起來。由于新的聯(lián)邦污染防治法規(guī)更加嚴(yán)格,位于縣郊(譯者注:根據(jù)本文倒數(shù)第二段該地區(qū)實(shí)為卡本縣,這里的town指的就是卡本縣,所以此處譯為縣郊。)峽谷之中的猶他州歷史最久的燃煤電廠即將關(guān)閉。Asenergycompaniestackawayfromcoal,towardcleaner,cheapernaturalgas,peopleherehavegrownincreasinglyafraidthat(yī)theircommunitymaysoonslipaway.Dozensofworkersatthefacilityhere,theCarbonPowerPl(wèi)ant,havelearnedthattheymustretireearlyorseekotherjobs.Localtruckingandequipmentoutfitsarepreparingtotakebusinesselsewhere.由于能源公司摒棄煤炭轉(zhuǎn)而發(fā)展更加清潔、更加便宜的天然氣,這里的人們?cè)絹碓骄o張他們的家園也許不久就會(huì)悄然消失/不復(fù)存在。卡本電廠(CarbonPowerPlant)的幾十號(hào)工人已得知,他們必須提前退休或另謀職業(yè)。本地的卡車運(yùn)送和裝備人員正準(zhǔn)備到其他地方去發(fā)展業(yè)務(wù)?!癟herearealotofpeopleworried,”saidKyleDavis,whohasbeenemployedattheplantsincehewas18.Mr.Davis,56,workedhiswayupfromsweepingfloorstomanagingoperationsattheplant,whosefurnaceshavebeenburningsince1954.“Iwouldhavelikedtobehereforanotherfiveyears,”hesaid.“I’mtooyoungtoretire.”凱爾·戴維斯(KyleDavis)自18歲起就一直在這家電廠工作,他說:“許多人現(xiàn)在都憂心忡忡。”該公司自1954年成立以來,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)至今,從未間斷?,F(xiàn)年56歲的戴維斯先生在該公司從清掃工人一路做到負(fù)責(zé)公司運(yùn)營(yíng)的高管職位。他說道:“我本想在公司再干五年的,畢竟現(xiàn)在退休還太年輕?!保聈tRockyMountainPower,theutilitythatoperat(yī)estheplant,hasdeterminedthatitwouldbetooexpensivetoretrofittheagingplanttomeetnewfederalstandardsonmercuryemissions.TheplantisscheduledtobeshutbyApril2023.“Wehadbeenworkingforthebetterpartofthreeyears,testingcompliancestrat(yī)egies,”saidDavidEskelsen,aspokesmanfortheutility.“Noneoftheonesweinvestigatedreallywouldproducetheresultsthat(yī)wouldmee(cuò)ttherequirements.”但是目前負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)營(yíng)卡本電廠的落基山電力公司(RockyMountainPower)已決定,假如為了達(dá)成有關(guān)汞排放量的新聯(lián)邦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而對(duì)該電廠的老舊設(shè)備進(jìn)行翻新改造,代價(jià)過高,并不可行。該電廠計(jì)劃于2023年4月底前關(guān)閉。該電廠的發(fā)言人大衛(wèi)·艾斯克森(DavidEskelsen)說:“在過去的三年中,我們的時(shí)間重要用于檢測(cè)電廠的各種合規(guī)策略。我們的檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),任何一種合規(guī)策略都無法達(dá)成新法規(guī)的規(guī)定?!盕orthelastseveralyears,coalplantshavebeenshuttingdownacrossthecountry,drivenbytougherenvironmentalregulations,flatteningelectricitydemandandamovebyutilitiestowardnaturalgas.Thismonth,theboardofdirectorsoftheTennessee(cuò)ValleyAuthority,thecountry’slargestpublicpowerutility,votedtoshuteightcoal-poweredplantsinAlabamaandKentuckyandpartlyreplacethemwithgas-firedpower.Since2023,morethan150coalplantshavebeenclosedorscheduledforretirement.近幾年來,由于環(huán)保法規(guī)更加嚴(yán)格、電力需求日益疲弱、而公用事業(yè)公司又轉(zhuǎn)而供應(yīng)天然氣,全國各地的燃煤電廠紛紛關(guān)閉。田納西河流域管理局是全國最大的公共電力公司。本月,該局董事會(huì)投票決定,關(guān)閉位于阿拉巴馬州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤電廠并將其中一些電廠升級(jí)為燃?xì)怆姀S。自2023年以來,有150多家燃煤電廠已經(jīng)關(guān)閉或即將退役。TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyestimatesthatthestricteremissionsregulat(yī)ionsfortheplantswillresultinbillionsofdollarsinrelat(yī)edhealthsavings,andwillhaveasweepingimpactonairquality.Inrecentweeks,theagencyheld11“l(fā)isteningsessions”aroundthecountryinadvanceofproposingadditionalrulesforcarbondioxideemissions.美國環(huán)保署預(yù)計(jì),更加嚴(yán)格的排放法規(guī)將能節(jié)省數(shù)十億美元的醫(yī)療開支并將對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生全面的影響/能明顯改善空氣質(zhì)量。最近幾周,在建議出臺(tái)二氧化碳排放補(bǔ)充條例之前,環(huán)保署在全國各地舉行了11次“聽證會(huì)”?!癈oalplantsarethesinglelargestsourceofdangerouscarbonpollutionintheUnitedStat(yī)es,andwehavereadyalternativeslikewindandsolartoreplacethem,”saidBruceNilles,directoroftheSierraClub’sBeyondCoalcampaign,whichwantstoshutallofthenation’scoalplants.塞拉俱樂部發(fā)起的“超越煤炭”運(yùn)動(dòng)希望關(guān)閉全國所有的燃煤電廠。該運(yùn)動(dòng)的負(fù)責(zé)人布魯斯·尼爾斯(BruceNilles)說:“在美國,燃煤電廠是危險(xiǎn)的碳排放的最大惡源。我們已有現(xiàn)成的方法比如用風(fēng)能和太陽能取代燃煤電廠?!盕ormanyhere,coaljobsarealltheyknow.Theindustryunitedtheareaduringhardtimes,too,especiallyduringthedarkdaysafterninemendiedina2023miningaccidentsome35milesdownthehighway.VirtuallyeveryonearoundPriceknewthemen,sixofwhomremainentombedinthemountainside.ButthereisquietacknowledgmentthatCarbonCountywillhavetochange—ifnotnow,soon.對(duì)于這里的很多人來說,他們對(duì)煤炭工作再熟悉不多了/絕不陌生。煤炭行業(yè)在艱難時(shí)期也能將該地區(qū)團(tuán)結(jié)起來,特別是在2023年礦難事件后的黑暗時(shí)期。那次礦難發(fā)生在沿高速公路往南大約35英里的地方,導(dǎo)致九名礦工遇難。普賴斯(Price)附近的所有人幾乎都結(jié)識(shí)遇難者,其中有六名遇難者至今仍埋葬在山腰處。但是現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人的心里都清楚,卡本縣(CarbonCounty)將會(huì)發(fā)生變化,即便不是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生,也不久就會(huì)發(fā)生變化。PetePalacios,whoworkedintheminesfor43years,hasseencoalroarandfadehere.Now86,hiseyesgrewcloudyasherecalledhisfirstminingjob.Hewas12,andearned$1aday.“I’m

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