1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則中英對照版

1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則公約ConventionontheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972各締約國，本著保持高度的海上安全的愿望，注意到有必要對1960年國際海上人命安全會議最終議定書所附的國際海上避碰規(guī)則進行修訂并使之適應新的情況，經(jīng)就該規(guī)則被認可以來的發(fā)展情況對之進行了審議，現(xiàn)協(xié)議如下：THEPARTIESTOTHEPRESENTCONVENTION,DESIRINGtomaintainahighIeveIofsafetyatsea，MINDFULoftheneelLtoreviseandbringuptodatetheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCol1isionsatSeaannexedtotheFina1ActoftheInternationa1CorrferericeonSafetyofLifeatSea,1960,HAVINGCONSIDEREDthoseRegulationsinthelightofdevelopmentssincetheywereapproved,HAVEAGREEDasfo1lows：第I條一般義務Artic1e1Generalobligatioris本公約各締約國保證實施構(gòu)成本公約所附1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則（以下簡稱“本規(guī)則”）的各項條款及其他附錄.ThePartiestothepresentCorwentionundertaketogiveeffecttotheRulesandotherAnnexesconstitutingtheInternatiorialRegulationsfo「PreventingCo11isionsatSea,1972,(hereinafterreferredtoas"theRegulationsp)attachedhereto.第II條簽署、批準、接受、核準和加入ArticleIISignatu「e,ratification,acceptarice,approvaIandaccession1.本公約保持開放到1973年6月1日為止供簽署，此后繼續(xù)開1.ThepresentCorwentionshal1remainopenforsignatureunti11June1973andshallthereafterremainopenfouaccessiono

放供加入。2?聯(lián)合國或其任何專門機構(gòu)或國際原子能機構(gòu)的會員國，或國際法院規(guī)約的當事方，可按照下列方式參加本公約：2. StatesMembersoftheUnited N atioris, orofany oftheSpecia1ized超encies, o r theInterriationa 1AtomicEnergy超ency,or Parti estothe Statute oftheInte「nationa1Court of J usticemay beeomePartiestothisCorwentionby：3）簽署并對批準“接受或核準無保留；(a)signaturewithoutreservationastoratification,acceptanceorapproval；（b）簽署而有待批準、接熒或核準，隨后予以批準、接受或核準；或(b)signaturesubjecttoratification,acceptariceorapProvalfo1Lowedbyratification,acceptariceorapproval；or（c）加入。(c)accession.3?批準、接受、核準或加入須向政府間海事協(xié)商組織（以下簡稱“本組織”）交存相應的文件，方為有效。本組織應將每一上述文件的交存和交存日期通知已簽署或已加入本公約的各國政府。3.Ratification,acceptance,approva1oraccessionshallbeeffeetedbythedepositofaninstrumenttothateffectwiththe1nter-Governmenta1MaritimeConsu1tative0rganization(hereinafterreferredtoasptheOrganization")whichshallinformtheGovernmentsofStatesthathavesignedoraccededtothepresentConventionofthedepositofeachinstrumentandofthedateofitsdeposit?第IH條適用的領土Artic1eIIITerritoria1application1.聯(lián)合國如系某一領土的管理當局，或任一結(jié)約國如負責某一領土的國際關系，可隨時以書面通知本組織秘書長（以下簡稱“秘書1oTheUnitedNationsincaseswheretheyaretheadministeringauthouityforaterritoryoranyContuactingParty「esponsiblefo「theinte「nationalre1ationsofaterritorymayatanytimebynotificationinwritingtotheSecretary—Gene「a1ofthe0rganiz

長”），將本公約擴大適用于該領土.ation(hereinafterreferredtoa$"theSecretary—General"), extendtheapplieationofthisConventiontosuchaterritory.2o本公約應自接到通知之日或通知中規(guī)定的其他日期起，擴大適用于通知中所述領土。2.ThepresentConvention sha1I, upon the date ofreceiptofthenotificationorfuomsuch o t her date asmaybespecifiedinthenot ificatio n , exte nd totheterritorynamedtherein。3對根據(jù)本條第1款所作通知中所述的任何領土，均可撤銷擴大適用，經(jīng)一年后或撤銷時規(guī)定的更長期限后，本公約即不再適用于該領土。3.Anynotificationmadeinaccordaricewithparagraph1ofthisArtic1emaybewithdrawnin「espectofanyterritorymentionedinthatnotificationandtheextensionofthisConventiontothatterritoryshallceasetoapplyafteroneyearorsuchIongerperiodasmaybespecifiedatthetimeofthewithdrawal.4?秘書長應將根據(jù)本條所遞交的任何擴大適用或撤銷擴大適用的通知，通知所有締約國。4oTheSecretary-Generalshal1info「ma11ContractingPartiesofthenotificationofanyextensionorwithdrawaIofanyextensioncommunicatedunderthisArticleo第IV條生效Artic1eIVEntryintoforeelo（a）本公約應在至少有15個國家參加本公約之日起12個月后生效:該15國的商船總和應不少于全世界100總噸及100總噸以上船舶的艘數(shù)或噸位的65%。以先達到者為準’1o(a)ThepresentConventionsha1lentintoforcetwelvemonthsafterthedateonwhichatleast15States,theaggregateofwhosemerchantf1eetsconstitutesnotlessthan65percentbynumberorbytonnageof theworldfleetofvesselsof100grosstonsandoverhavebecomePartiestoit,whicheverisachievedfi「st.（b）盡管有本款（a）項的規(guī)定，本公約在1976年1月1日之前不應生效.(b)Notwithstandingtheprovisionsinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraph, thepresentCorwentionshallnotenterintoforcebefore1January1976。

2?對于在達到本條第1款（a）項所規(guī)定的條件之后而在本公約生效之前按照第II條規(guī)定批準。接受。核準或加入本公約的國家，應自本公約生效之日起生效。2.EntryintoforceforStateswnichratify,accept,approveoraccedetothisCorwentioninaccordanee withArticleIIaftertheconditiorisp resc ri b edinsub-paragraph1(a)havebeenmetand before theCorwent ionentersIntoforce^sha11be on th e dateof entryintoforceoftheConvention.3。對于在本公約生效之日以后批準、接受、核準或加入本公約的國家:應自按第II條規(guī)定交存文件之日起生效.3.EntryintoForceforStateswhichratify,accept, approveoraccedeafterthedateonwhichthisCorwentionentersintoFo「ce,shallbeonthedateofdepositofaninstrumentinaccordancewithArticleII.4?在本公約修正案按照第VI條第4款規(guī)定生效之日后，任何批準、接受、核準或加入，都應適用修正后的公約。4.Afterthe date ofentryintoforceofan amendment tothis Con ven tioninaccordancewithparagraph4 ofArticle VIany 「at ification,acceptanee, approvalor accessi onshallapplytotheConventionas amended.5?本公約生效之日，本規(guī)則即代替并廢除1960年國際海上避碰規(guī)則。5.OnthedateofentryintoforeeofthisConvention,theRegulationsreplaceandabrogatetheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCol1isionsatSea,I960?6o秘書長應將生效日期通知已簽署或已加入本公約的各國政府。6oTheSecretary-GeaIshallinf theGove「nmentsofStatesthathavesignedoraccededtothisConventionofthedateofitsentryintoforce.第V條修訂會議Artic[eVRevisionconfererice1-本組織可以召開會議修訂本公約或本規(guī)則，或修訂二者.1.AConferenceforthepurposeofrevisingthisConventiono「theRegulationsorbothmaybeconvenedbytheOrganization。2?經(jīng)不少于三分之一的締約國請求，本組織應召開締約國會議，以2.The0rganizationshallconveneaConferenceofContractingPartiesforthepurposeofrevisingthisConventionoutheRegu1ationsorbothatthereq

修訂本公約或本規(guī)則，或修訂二者.uestofnot1essthanone-thirdoftheContractingFarties.第VI條本規(guī)則的修正ArticleVIAmendmeritstotheReguIatiorislo任一締約國對本規(guī)則所提的任何修正案，經(jīng)其請求后，應在本組織中予以審議.1?AnyamendmenttotheRegulationsproposedbyaContractingPartyshallbeconside「edintheOrganizationattherequestofthatPauty。2.如該修正案經(jīng)出席本組織海上安全委員會并投票的三分之二多數(shù)通過，則至少應在本組織大會對之審議前6個月將其通知所有締約國和本組織會員?在大會審議該修正案時，非本組織會員的任何締約國均有權(quán)參加。2.Ifadoptedbyatwo-thirdsmajorityofthosepresentandvotirigintheMaritimeSafetyCommi11eeoftheOrganization，suehamsndmentsha11becommunicatedtoal1ContractingPartiesandMembersoftheOrganizationatleastsixmonthspriortoitsconsiderationbytheAssemblyoftheOrganization?AnyContractingPartywhichisnotaMemberofthe0rganizationshallbeentitiedtoparticipatewhentheamendment isconsideredbytheAssembly?3o如該修正案經(jīng)出席大會并投票的三分之二多數(shù)通過，秘書長應將其通知所有締約國以供接受.3.Ifadoptedbyatwo-thirdmajorityofthosepresentandvotingintheAssembly,theamendmentshallbecommunicatedbytheSecretary-GeneraltoallContractingPartiesfortheiracceptance。4。該項修正案應在大會通過時所決定的日期生效,除非在大會所同時確定的一個較早日期之前，有三分之一以上的締約國通知本組織反對該修正案。本款所指經(jīng)大會決定的兩個日期,應由到會并投票的三分之二多數(shù)通過。4.SuchanamendmentshallenterintoforeeonadatetobedeterminedbytheAssemb1yatthetimeof讓sadoptionun1ess,byapriordatedeterminedbytheAssemb1yatthesametime,morethanone-thirdoftheContractingPartiesnotifytheOrganizationoftheirobjectiontotheamendmerit.DeterminationbytheAssemblyofthedatesreferredtointhisparagraphshallbebyatwo-thirdsmajorityof

thosepresentand、oting。5?任何修正案一經(jīng)生效后，對于未曾對修正案提出反對的所有締約國，即應取代并廢止該修正案所涉及的任何原有的規(guī)定.5oOnentryintoforceanyamendmentshall,forallContractingPartieswhichhavenotobjectedtotheamendment,replaceandsupe"sedeanypreviousprovisiontowhichtheamendmentrefe「s.6?秘書長應將按本條所作的任何請求和通知以及修正案的生效日期，通知所有締約國和本組織會員。6.TheSecretary—Genera1shallinfo「mallContractingPartiesandMembersofthe0rganizationofany「equestandcommunicationundeuthisArtic1eandthedateonwhichanyamendmententersintofo「ce.第VII條退出ArticleVIIDenunciation任何締約國，在本公約對其生效滿五年后，可隨時退出本公約.1?ThepresentConventionmaybedenouncedbyaContractingPartyatanytimeaftertheexpiryoffiveyearsfromthedateonwhichtheCoriventionenteredintoforceforthatParty.2o退岀本公約應向本組織交存相應的文件。秘書長應將所收到的退出文件及該文件的交存日期通知所有其他締約國。2.DenunciationshallbeeffectedbythedepositofaninstrumentwiththeOrganization。TheSeeretary-Generalshallinforma1IotherContractingPartiesofthereceiptoftheinstrumentofdenunciationandofthedateofitsdeposit?3?退出應在交存文件一年后或該文件中規(guī)定的更長期限后生效.3oAdenunciationsha1Itakeeffectoneyear,orsuchlongerperiodasmaybespecifiedintheinstrument,afteritsdeposit.第VIII條保管和登記Artic1cVIIIDepositandregistration1O本公約與本規(guī)則應交存本組織保管。秘書長應將核證無誤的副本分送所有已簽署或已加入本公約的各國政府.1?ThepresentConventionandtheRegulationsshallbedepositedwiththeOr￡anization,andtheSeereta「y?Generalshalltransmitcertifiedtruecopiesthereoftoal1GovernmentsofStatesthathavesignedthisCgrwentiono「accededtoit。

2?當本公約生效時,秘書長應按照聯(lián)合國憲章第102條的規(guī)定，將該文本送聯(lián)合國秘書處登記并公布。2.WhenthepresentConventionentersintoforce,thetextshallbetransmittedbytheSecretary—GeneraltotheSeeretariatoftheUnitedNationsforregistrationandpublicationinaccordancewithArticle102oftheCharteroftheUnitedNations.第LX條文字ArticleIXLanguages本公約連同本規(guī)則用英文和法文寫成單一文本，兩種文本具有同等效力。應備有俄文和西班牙文的正式譯本，三簽署的原本一并存放。下列具名的經(jīng)各國政府正式授權(quán)的代表，特簽署本公約，以昭信守.1972年丄0月20日訂于倫敦。ThepresentConventionisestab1ished,togetherwiththeRegu1ations,inasinglecopyintheEnglishandFrenchLanguages,bothtextsbeingequa1lyauthentic.Cfficia1translationsintheRussianandSpanishIanguagesshallbepreparedanddepositedv/iththesignedoriginaLINWITNESSWHEREOFtheundersignedbeingdulyauthorizedbytheirrespectiveGovernmentsforthatpurposehavesignedthepresentConvention。DONEATLONDONthistwentiethdayofOctoberonethousandninehundredandseventy—two。一九七一-年國際海上避碰規(guī)則INTERNATIONALREGULATIONSFORPREVENTINGCOLLISIONSATSEA,1972第一章總則PARTAGENERAL第一條適用范圍Rule1Application

1.本規(guī)則各條適用于在公海和連接于公海而可供海船航行的切水域中的一切船舶.(a)TheseRuLesshallapplytoallvesselsuponthehighseasandinallwatersconnectedtherewithnavigab1ebyseagoingvessels?2?本規(guī)則各條不妨礙有關主管機關為連接公海而可供海船航行的任何港外錨地、港口、江河、湖泊或內(nèi)陸水道所制訂的特殊規(guī)定的實施?這種特殊規(guī)定,應盡可能符合本規(guī)則各條。(b)NothingintheseRulesshal1interferewiththeoperationofspecia1ru1esmadebyanappropriateauthorityforroadsteads?har-bours?rivers?lakesorinLandwaterwaysconnectedwiththehighseasandnavigablebyseagoingvessels?Suehspecialru1esshallconformasdoselyaspossibletotheseRules□3?本規(guī)則各條，不妨礙各國政府為軍艦及護航下的船舶所制訂的關于額外的隊形燈、信號燈或笛號，或者為結(jié)隊從事捕魚的漁船所制定的關于額外的隊形燈或信號燈的任何特殊規(guī)定的實施。這此額外的隊形燈、信號燈或笛號，應盡可能不致被誤認為本規(guī)則其他條文所規(guī)定的任何號燈或信號。(c)NothingintheseRulesshallinterfer-ewiththeoperationofanyspecialrulesmadebytheGovernmentofanyStatewithrespecttoadditionalstationorsigna1 1ightsorwhistlesigna1sforshipsofwarandvesselsproceedingunderconvoy?o「withrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallightsforfishingvesseIsengagedinfishingasaf1eetoTheseadditiona1stationorsignallightsorwhistlesignaIsshaILsofaraspossible?besuchthattheycannotbemistakenforanylightorsignaIauthorizedeIsewhereundertheseRu1es.4.為實施本規(guī)則，本組織可以采納分道通航制.(d)TrafficseparationschemesmaybeadoptedbytheOrganizationforthepurposeoftheseRules?5.凡經(jīng)有關政府確定，某種特蛛構(gòu)造或用途的船舶，如須完全遵守本規(guī)則任何一條關于號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設備的配置和特性的規(guī)定，就不能影響其特殊功能時，則應(e)WhenevertheGovernmentconzernedshallhavedeterminedthatavesseIofspecialconst「uctionorpurposecannotcomplyfullywiththeprovisionsofanyoftheseRuLes with respecttothenumber? position,rangeorarc ofvisibilit yoflightsorshapes? aswellastothedisPosi tion and characteristicsof sound-signallingappii ance s? withoutinterfering withthe

遵守其政府在號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位置、能見克離或弧度以及聲號設備的配置和特性方面為之另行確定的盡可能符合本規(guī)則所要求的規(guī)定.specia1functionoFthevessel,suchvesseIshallcomplywithsuchotherprovisionsin?ardtothenumber?position ,rangeor arcof visibility ofLi ghtsorshapes, aswel1ast othe dispositionand characteristicsofsound?sigrial1ingappliances,asherGove「rimentshall havedetermi nedtobethe close stPossib1ecomp1 iancewith these Rulesin resp ecttothatvesse1。第二條責任Rule2Responsibility本規(guī)則各條不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船長或船員由于對遵守本規(guī)則各條的任何疏忽:或者對海員通常做法或當時特殊情況可能要求的任何戒備上的疏忽而產(chǎn)生的各種后果的責任.(a)NothingintheseRu1esshallexonerateanyvessel, ortheowne「，masterorerev/thereof, fromtheconsequencesofanyneglecttocomplywiththeseRu1esorofthenegLeetofanyprecautionwhichmayberequiredbytheordinarypracticeofseamen,orbythespeda1cir3umstancesofthecaseo2.在解釋和遵行本規(guī)則各條規(guī)定時，應適當考慮到，為避免緊迫危險而須背離本規(guī)則各條規(guī)定的一切航行和碰撞的危險，以及任何特殊情況，其中包括當事船舶條件限制在內(nèi)。(b)Inconstruingandcomp1yingwitntheseRulesdueregardshallbehadtoalldangersofnavigationandcoI1isionandtoanyspeciaIcircumstarices,incLudingthelimitationsofthevesselsinvolved^whichmaymakeadeparturefromtheseRulesnecessarytoavoidimmediatedanger.第三條一般定義Rule3Generaldefini廿ons除其他條文另有解釋外，在本規(guī)則中：ForthepurposeoftheseRu1es,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:1.“船舶”一詞，指用作或者能夠用作水上運輸工具的各類水船筏，包括非排水船舶和水上飛機。(a)Theword"vesseI"incLudeseverydescriptionofwatercraft,includirignon?displacementcraftandseap1anes,usedorcapableofbeingusedasameansoftcanspottationonwater.

2?“機動船"一詞，指用機器推進的任何船舶。(b)Theterm,Jpower-drivenvesselrmeansanyvesselpropeI1edbymachinery□氏《嘰船"一詞，指任何駛帆的船舶，包括裝有推進機器而不在使用者.(c)Thetermnsai1ingvessel"meansanyvesseiundersailp「ovidedthatPropeI1ingmachinery,iffi匸t已d,isnotbeingused□4「從事捕魚的船舶"一詞，指使用網(wǎng)具、繩釣、拖網(wǎng)或其他使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳繩釣或其他并不使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的船舶.(d)Thetermnvesseiengagedinfishing"meansanyvesselfishingwithnets^1ines?trawlsorotherfishingapparatuswhichr-estrictmanoeuv「ability，butdoesnotincLudeavesse1fishingwithtrolling1inesorotherfishingapparatuswhichdonotrestrictmanoeuvrabi1ity.5?^水上飛機"一詞，包括為能在水面操縱而設計的任何航空器。(e)Thewordnseaplane"incLudesanyair-craftdesignedtomanoeuvreonthewate「?6。《失去控制的船舶"一詞，指由于某種異常的情況,不能按本規(guī)則各條的要求進行操縱，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶.(f)Theterm"vesse1notundercommandnmeansavesselwhichthroughsomeexceptionalcireumstaneeisunab1etomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabLetokeepoutofthewayofanothervesse1?了「操縱能力受到限制的船舶“一詞，指由于工作性質(zhì)，使其按本規(guī)則要求進行操縱的能力受到限制，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶.下列船舶應作為操縱能力受到限制的船舶：(g)The term "ve sse1 restrictedin herabilit ytomanoeuvre" meansa vesselwhichfromthe nature ofherworkis restricted in herabi 1itytomanoeuvre asrequiredby theseRu Les andi stherefore unabLet okeepoutofthewayofanothervesselThefoLLowingvesselsshallberegardedasvesse1srestrictedintheirabilitytomanoeuvre：(1)從事敷設、維修或起撈助航標志、海底電纜或管道的船舶；(i)avesselengagedinLayin自servicingorpickinguPanavigationmark?submarinecableo「piPeli

（2） 從事疏浚、測量或水下作業(yè)的船舶；（3） 在航中從事補給或轉(zhuǎn)運人員、食品或貨物的船舶；（4〉從事發(fā)放或回收航空器的船舶；（5）從事掃雷作業(yè)的船舶；點6）從事拖帶作業(yè)的船舶，而該項拖帶作業(yè)使該拖船及其被拖船偏離所駛航向的能力嚴重受到限制者.已；(ii)avesseLengagedindredging^surveyingorunderwateroper-ations；(iii)avesselengagedinrep1enishmeritortransfer-r-ingpersons?provisionsorcargowhileunderway；(iv)avesseIengagedinthelaunchingo「recoveryofaircraft;(v)avesse1engagedinminesweepingoperations;(vi)avesselengagedinatowingoperationsuchasrendersherunabletodeviatefromhercourse□&邙艮于吃水的船舶一詞，指由于吃水與可用水深的關系，致使其偏離所駛航向的能力嚴重地受到限制的機動船。(h)Theterm"vesselconstrainedbyherdraught"meansapower—driv已nvesselwhichbecauseofherdraughtinreIationtotheavaitabledepthofwater-isseverelyrestrictedinherabilitytodeviatefr-omthecoursesheisfo11owingo9（在航"一詞，指船舶不在錨泊、系岸或擱淺。(i)Theword"under-waynmeansthatavesselisnotatanchor^ormadefasttotheshore^o「aground?1Oo船舶的““長度駕嚴寬度"是指其總長度和最大寬度。(j)Thewords"Iength"and"breath" ofavesselmeanhf3rlenSI-hqv。ra1Land SreatsI-- 。自drh.11.只有當一船能自他船以視覺看到時，才應認為兩船是在互見中。(k)Vesselsshallbedeemedtobeinsightofoneanotheronlywhenonecanbeobservedvisuallyfroittheothe「?

12.“能見度不良〃一詞，指任何由于霧、霾、下雪、暴風雨、沙暴或任何其他類似原因而使能見度受到限制的情況。(1)Theterm"restrictedvisibility”meansanyconditioninwhichvisibilityisrestrictedbyfog,mist,fallingsnow,heavyrainstorms,sandstormsoranyothe「simiLarcauses?第一章駕駛和航行規(guī)則PARTBSTEERINGANDSAILINGRULES第一節(jié)船舶在任何能見度情況下的行動規(guī)則SECTIONI-CONDUCTOFVESSELSINANYCONDITION0FVISIBILITY第四條適用范圍Rule4Applieation本節(jié)各條適用于任何能見度的情況.RulesinthisSectionapplyinanyconditionofvisibility?第五條了望Ru1e5Look—out每一船舶應經(jīng)常用視覺、聽覺以及適合當時環(huán)境和情況下一切有效的手段保持正規(guī)的了望，以便對局面和碰撞危險作出充分的估計.Everyvesselshallatalltimesmaintainapropeulook—outbysig上tandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansapp「opriateintheprevai1ingcircumstaricesandconditionssoastomakeafullappraisa1ofthesituationandoftheriskofcollision.第六條安全航速Rule6Safespeed每一船舶在任何時候應用安全航速行駛，以便能采取適當而有效的避碰行動，并能在適合當時環(huán)境和情況的距離以內(nèi)把船停住。在決定安全航速時，考慮的因素中應包括下列各點：Everyvesselshallata ll timesproceed atasafe speedso thatshecantaepr o Perandeffectiv eactiontoavoidcolLisionand bestopped within adistanc eappropriatetothe prevaIlingc ircumstan cesandc onditions。IndeterminingasafespeedthefoUowingfactorsshal1beamongthosetakenintoaccount:1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則(中英對照版)1?對所有船舶：(a)Byallvesse1s：(1)能見度情況；(i)thestateofvisibility;(2)通航密度,包括漁船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；(ii)thetrafficdensityincludingconcentrationsoffishingvesseIsoranyothervesse1s；(3)船舶的操縱性能，特別是在當時情況下的沖程和旋回性能；(iii)themanoeuvr-abilityofthevesselwithspecia1refereneetostoppingdistanceandturningabilityintheprevailingconditions;(4)夜間出現(xiàn)的背景亮光，諸如來自岸上的燈光或本船燈光的反向散射；(iv)atnightthepresenceofbackgroundlightsuchasfromshorelightsorfrombackscatterofherownlights;(5)風、浪和流的狀況以及靠近航海危險物的情況；(v)thestateofwind?seaandcurrent,andtheproximityofnavigationalhazar-ds；(6)吃水與可用水深的關系。(vi)thedraughtinreIationtotheavailab1edepthofwat^ro2.對備有可使用的雷達的船舶，還須考慮：(b)Additionally,byvesselswithoperationa1 radar:(1)雷達設備的特性、效率和局限性；(i)thecharacteristics^efficiencyandlimitationsoftheradarequipment；(2)所選用的雷達距離標尺帶來的任何限制；(ii)anyconstr-aintsimposedbytheradarrangesca1einuse；(3)海況、天氣和其他干擾源對雷達探測的影響；(iii)theeffectonradardetectionoftheseastate,weath已「andothersourcesofinterf已rence;(4)在適當距離內(nèi)，雷達對小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物胃探測不到的可能性；(iv)thepossibiIitythatsma1Ivessels?iceandotherf1oatingobjectsmaynotbedetectedbyradaratanadequaterange；

1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則(中英對照版)(5)雷達探測到的船舶數(shù)目、位置和動態(tài)?：(v)thenumber, locationandmovementofvesselsdetectedbyradar；(6)當用雷達測定附近船舶或其他物體的距離時，可能對能見度作出更確切的估計。(vi)themoreexactassessmentofthevisibilitythatmaybepossibIewhenradarisusedtodeterminetherangeofvesseisorotherobjectsinthevicini切第七條碰撞危險Rule7Riskofcollislonlo每一船舶應用適合當時環(huán)境和情況的一切有效手段斷定是否存在碰境危險，如有任何懷疑，則應認為存在這種危險.(a)Everyvesselshallusea11avaitablemeansappropuiatetothep「evailingcircumstancesandconditionstodetermineif「iskofcoilisionexists?1fthereisanydoubtsuchriskshallbedeemedtoexist?2o如裝有雷達設備并可使用的話，則應正確予以使用，包括遠距離掃瞄，以便獲得碰撞危險的早期警報，并對探測到的物標進行雷達標繪或與其相當?shù)南到y(tǒng)觀察。(b)Properuseshallbemadeofradarequipmentiffittedandoperational,includingLong?「angescanningtoobtainearlywarningofriskofcollisionandradarplottingorequivalentsystematicobservationofdetectedobjects.3.不應根據(jù)不充分的資料，特別是不充分的雷達觀測資料作出推WT-(c)Assumptiorisshallnotbemadeonthebasisofscantyinformation,especia1lyscantyradarinformation。4?在斷定是否療在碰撞危險時，考慮的因素中應包括下列各點：(d)Indeterminingifriskofcollisionexiststhefoliowjngconsiderationsshallbeamongthosetakenintoaccount:(1)如果來船的羅經(jīng)方位沒有明顯的變化，則應認為存在這種危險；(i)suchrisksnal1bedeemedtoexistifthecompassbearingofanappcoachingvesseIdoesnotappreciab1ychange,

1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則（中英對照版）（2）即使有明顯的方位變化，有時也可能存在這種危險，特別是在駛近一艘很大的船舶或拖帶船組時，或是在近距離駛近他船時。(i1)suchrisksmaysometimesexisteve nwhen an aPpreciablebearingchangeisevident, pa rticula r 1 ywhenapproachingavery1argevesselor a towor whenapproachingavesseIatc1oseuan geo第八條避免碰撞的行動Rule8Actiontoavoidcollision1?為避免竝撞所采取的任何行動，如當時環(huán)境許可，應是積極地，并應及早地進行和注意運用良好的船藝.(a)Anyactiontakentoavoidco山sionshal1,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,bepositive,madeinampIe t imeandwithdueregardtotheobservariceofgoodseamanship。2o為避免碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何變動，如當時環(huán)境許可，應大得足以使他船用視覺或雷達觀察時容易察覺到;應避免對航向和（或）航速作一連串的小變動。(b)Anyalterationofcourseand/orspeedtoavoidcollisionshall,iftheci「cumstancesofthecaseadmit,beIargeenoughtobereadi1yapparenttoanothervesselobservingvisuallyorbyradar；asuccessionofsmat1a1terationsofcourseand/orspeedshouldbeavoided.3?如有足夠的水域，則單用轉(zhuǎn)向可能是避免緊迫局面的最有效行動，倘若這種行動是及時的，大幅度的并且不致造成另一緊迫局面。(c)Ifthereissufficientsearoom,alterationofcoursealonemaybethemosteffectiveactiontoavoidaclose-quarterssituationprovidedthatismadeingoodtime,issubstantialanddoesnotresuLtinanotherdose?quarterssituation?4.為避免與船碰撞而采取的行動，應能導致在安全的距離駛過。應細心查核避讓行動的有效性，直到最后駛過讓清他船為止.(d) ActiontakentoavoidcoMisionwithanothervesselshallbesuchastoresultinpassingatasafedistance.Theeffectivenessoftheactionshal1becarefu11ycheckedunti1theothervesselisfinallypastandcIearc5.如須避免碰撞或須留有更多時間來估計局面，船舶應當減速或者(e)Ifnecessarytoavoidcollisionouallowmoretimetoassessthesituation,avesselsha11slackenherspeedortakeallwayoffbystoppingorreve

1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則（中英對照版）停止或倒轉(zhuǎn)推進器把船停住。rsinghermeansofpropulsion.第九條狹水道Ru1e9Narrowchannels1.船舶沿狹水道或航道行駛時，只要安全可行，應盡量靠近本船右舷的該水道或航道的外緣行駛。(a)Avesse1proceedingalongthecourseofanarrowchannelorfairwayshallkeepasneartotheouterlimitofthechannelorfairwaywhichliesonherstarboardsideasissafeandpracticable.2o帆船或者長度小于20米的船舶，不應妨礙只能在狹水道或航道以為安全航行的船舶通行。(b)Avesseloflessthan20metresin1engthorasaitingvesselshallnotimpedethepassageofavesselwhichcansafelynavigateonlywithinanarrowchannelorfairway.3.從事捕魚的船舶，不應妨礙任何其他在狹水道或航道以內(nèi)航行的船舶通行。(c)AvesseIengagedinfishingshallnotimpedethePassageofanyotheuvesse1navigatingwithinanarrowchannelorfairway。4?船舶不應穿越狹水道或航道，如果這種穿越會妨礙只能在這種水道或航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通行?后者若對穿越船的意圖有懷疑時.可以使用第三十四條第4款所規(guī)定的聲號.(d)Avesselshallnotcrossanarrowchannelorfairwayifsuchcrossingimpedesthepassageofavesselwhichcansafelynavigateonlywithinsuchchanne1orfairwayoThelattervesseImayusethesoundsigrialprescribedinRule34(d)ifindoubtastotheintentionofthecrossingvesse1?5.（1）在狹水道或航道內(nèi)，如只有在被追越船必須采取行動以允許安全通過才能追越時，則企圖追越的船,應鳴放第三十四條第3款（1）項所規(guī)定的相應聲號，以表示本船的意圖。被迫越船如果同意.應嗚放第三十四條3款（2）項所規(guī)定的相應聲號，并采取使(e) (i)Inanaurowchanne1orfai「waywhenovertakingcantakeplaceonlyifthevesseltobeovertakenhastotakeactiontopermitsafepassing,thevesse 1 intendingto overtakeshallindieateheriritention bysoun dingtheappropri atesignalprescribedinRule34(c)(i)。Thevesseltobeovertakenshall,ifi