正文內(nèi)文獻引用的APA格式要求

附件4:正文內(nèi)文獻引用的 APA格式要求(1)一件作品或多件作品的引用：Ithasbeenarguedthatteachers?roleistoprovidethestudentswithoptimalconditionswhichcanfacilitatelearningsothatstudentscanachievesimilarsuccessfulresults(Bloom,1976,pp.12-16).Gagne(1977,pp.38-41)alsonoticedthatadultlearnerswerelessaffectedbyexternalinstructionevents.Theadvantageof themultipleregressionanalysisisthatitcannotshowthecomplexinterrelationsbetweenindependentvariables(Bryman&Crammer,1990,pp.135-139).StudiesofthegoodIanguagelearner(forexample,Naiman,Frohlich,Stern,andTodesco,pp.49-52)havetriedtoidentify thestrategieswhichsuccessfullearnersuse(firstcitation)(Ellis,1994,p.37).Naimanetal.(1978,pp.49-52)foundasimilarrelationship,althoughinthiscase ,effort?onthepartofthelearnerswasalsoassociatedwithinstrumentalmotivation(subsequentcitation)(Ellis,1994,p.512).(2)同一括號里多件作品的引用：Empiricalstudiesonstudentlearningcarriedoutsincethe70?shavefound thatstudents?learningoutcomestoagreatextentdependontheirchoiceoflearningapproaches(Biggs,1987).Themajorfindingfromtheearlierstudies(Barley,1969,1970; Clementetal.,1978;Gardner& Lambert,1972; Gliksman,1976;Spolsky,1969)wasthatlearnerswithanintegrativemotivationtendedtoobtainbetterachievementthatthosewithan instrumentalmotivation.(注意引用作品的排序)(請認(rèn)真對照附件 6)附件5:正文內(nèi)文獻引用的MLA格式要求(1)一件作品或多件作品的引用：Ithasbeenarguedthatteachers?roleistoprovidethestudentswithoptimalconditionswhichcanfacilitatelearningsothatstudentscanachievesimilarsuccessfulresults(Bloom12-6).Gagne(38-41)alsonoticedthat adultlearnerswerelessaffectedby externalinstructionevents.Theadvantageofthemultipleregressionanalysisisthatitcannotshowthecomplexinterrelationsbetweenindependentvariables(BrymanandCrammer135-9).StudiesofthegoodIanguagelearner(forexample,Naiman etal.49-52)havetriedtoidentifythestrategieswhichsuccessfullearnersuse(Ellis37).Naimanetal.(49-52)foundasimilarrelationship,althoughinthiscase ,effort?onthepartofthelearnerswasalsoassociatedwithinstrumentalmotivation(Ellis512). (注意：MLA格式不加年代，只加作者姓和頁碼，沒有逗號)(2)同一括號里多件作品的引用：Empiricalstudiesonstudentlearningcarriedoutsincethe70?shavefoundthatstudents?learningoutcomestoagreatextentdependontheirchoiceoflearningapproaches(Biggs,EmpiricalStudies;LearningStrategies) (注意：這里的下劃線表示作者的兩篇不同作品，我們現(xiàn)在統(tǒng)一用斜體代替下劃線)Themajorfindingfromtheearlierstudies(Barley;Clementetal.;Gardner&Lambert;Gliksman;Spolsky)wasthatlearnerswithanintegrativemotivationtendedtoobtainbetterachievementthatthosewithaninstrumentalmotivation. (注意引用作品的排序)InTheAgeofVoltaire,theDurantsportrayeighteenthcenturyEnglandasaminorforceintheworldofmusicandart(214-48). (注意：文內(nèi)已出現(xiàn)作者名，括號里就只要加頁碼)(請認(rèn)真對照附件 7)附件6:參考文獻APA格式要求按先英文后中文排序；字號比正文小一號打印；標(biāo)點統(tǒng)一用半角狀態(tài)；標(biāo)點后統(tǒng)一空一格(漢語文獻與英語文獻類同，見下面示例)；書目格式按APA格式排列，但英文書名用斜體析出，不必用下劃線析出?，F(xiàn)將主要參文獻條目排列要求舉例如下，以供參考：.專著、論文集、學(xué)位論文、研究報告：作者.(出版年).文獻題名(pp.起止頁碼).出版地:出版者.如：Dancygier, B.(1998).Conditionals andprediction: Time,knowledge,andcausationin conditionalconstructions(pp.56-89).Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Fauconnier,G.,&Sweetser,E.(1996).Spaces,worlds,andgrammar.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress.Iwanska,L.(1996).Towardaformalaccountofcontext-dependencyandunderspecificityofnaturalIanguage.PapergivenatAAAISymposiumonComputationalImplicature.Berkeley:BerkeleyLinguisticsSociety.Roulet,E.etal.(Eds.).(1985).L'articulationdudiscoursenfrancaiscontemporain. Berne:PeterLang.Sweetser,E.(1996).Mentalspaceandthegrammarofconditionalconstruction.InG.Fauconnier&E.Sweetser(Eds.).Space,worlds,andgrammar(pp.318-333).Chicago&London:UniversityofChicagoPress.Welker,K.(1994).Plansinthecommonground:Towardagenerativeaccountofimplicature.UnpublishedDoctoraldissertation,OhioStateUniversity.?期刊文章：作者.(出版年).文獻題名.期刊名稱，期，起止頁碼.如：徐盛桓.(2004a).充分條件的語用嬗變 .夕卜國語，38(3),11-19.徐盛桓.(2004b).邏輯與實據(jù)一英語 IF條件句研究的一種理論框架 .現(xiàn)代外語，28(4),331-339..報紙文章：文獻作者.(出版日期).文獻題名.報紙名.版次.女口：謝希德.(1998).創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)的新思路 .人民日報.25Dec.pp.10.(漢語參考書目可使用 12-25,pp.10)網(wǎng)上文獻：作者.(發(fā)表日期).文件名.出版信息(如電子期刊名、或出版名稱) .登陸查看日期.網(wǎng)址.McCracken, E.(1997).Desiderata.Boldtype[On-line]. 7May,1997.Available:HYPERLINKn/read.article$197 (注意：有兩個時間，前者是作品發(fā)表時間， 后者是參考者登陸時間。)Seaman,D.(Ed.).(n.d.).Theelectronictextcenter.AldermanLib.,UofVirginia[On-line].14Feb.1997./(n.d.表示nodate，即時間不清)Coates,S.(1996).AdeadIanguagecomestolifeontheinternet[On-line].NewYorkTimesontheWeb.20.Apr.1997.Available:http://www.nye/web/docsroot/library/cyber/week/1028Latin.htmlPascal,B.(1910).Pensees.Trans.W.F.Trotter.[On-line].29Apr.1997.Available: HYPERLINK:.R10010/02/130/1Cacicedo,Al.(n.d.).Privateparts:Preliminary notesforanessayongenderidentityinShakespeare.Workingpaper.[On-line]. 27Aug.1997.Available:HYPERLINKhttp:lish/iemls/shak/private_parts.txt .(這里發(fā)表時間無，可省略)編著、譯著、文學(xué)作品、字典及其他辭海.(1999).上海:上海辭書出版社.多利莫爾.(2001).莎士比亞：文化唯物主義與新歷史主義.王逢振.2000年新譯西方文論選(pp.237-238).桂林:漓江出版社.莎士比亞.(1989).莎士比亞全集.朱生豪譯.北京:人民文學(xué)出版社芝諾？科西多夫斯基 .(1992).新約的傳說.張會森譯.哈爾濱:黑龍江人民出版社附件7:參考文獻MLA格式要求按先英文后中文排序；字號比正文小一號打??；標(biāo)點統(tǒng)一用半角狀態(tài)；標(biāo)點后統(tǒng)一空一格（漢語文獻與英語文獻類同，見下面示例）；書目格式按MLA格式排列， 但英文書名用斜體析出， 不必用下劃線析出。 現(xiàn)將主要參文獻條目排列要求舉例如下，以供參考：.專著、論文集、學(xué)位論文、研究報告：作者.文獻題名.出版地:出版者，出版年，起止頁碼（如文內(nèi)已列明，則?。??如：Dancygier,Bob.ConditionalsandPrediction:Time,Knowledge,andCausationinConditional Constructions.Cambridge:CUP,1998.Fauconnier,Gilles,andEvenSweetser.Spaces,Worlds,andGrammar.Chicago:UofChicagoP,1996.Iwanska,Long. “TowardaFormalAccountofContext-DependencyandUnderspecificityofNaturalLanguage. ”PapergivenatAAAISymposiumonComputationalImplicature.BerkeleyLinguisticsSoc.,19-21Jan.1996.Roulet,Evan,etal.,eds.L'ArticulationduDiscoursenFrancaisContemporain.Berne:PeterLang,1985.Sweetser,Even. “MentalSpaceandtheGrammarofConditionalConstruction. ”Ed.G.Fauconnier&E.Sweetser.Chicago&London:UofChicagoP,1996. （注意，MLA要求論文集和期刊論文用引號；論文集名目在這里不是作為頭條書目，故不必標(biāo)出；頁碼如在文內(nèi)已經(jīng)標(biāo)出，故參考書目里不必再標(biāo)出）Welker,Kant.Plans“intheCommonGround:TowardaGenerativeAccountofImplicature. ”Diss.OhioStateU,1994..期刊文章：作者.“文獻題名.”期刊名稱+卷.期號+（出版年）:起止頁碼.如：徐盛桓.“充分條件的語用嬗變 .”外國語38.3（2004a）:11-9.徐盛桓.“邏輯與實據(jù)一英語 IF條件句研究的一種理論框架 .”現(xiàn)代外語 28.4（2004b）:331-9.Barthelme,Frederick.“Architecture.”KansasQuarterly13.3-4（1981）:77-80. （13.3-4是指13卷3、4期合刊）.報紙文章：文獻作者.“文獻題名.”報紙名出版日期：版次.女口：謝希德.“創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)的新思路.”人民日報 25Dec.1998:10.（漢語書目可考慮使用 1998-12-25:10）網(wǎng)上文獻：作者.“文件名.”出版信息（如電子期刊名、或出版名稱） .發(fā)表日期.登陸查看日期.網(wǎng)址.McCracken, Even. “Desiderata.”Bo