新編大學(xué)英語(浙大版)第一冊(cè)第四單元課文翻譯

BOOKIUnit4HolidaysandSpecialDaysTeachingAims:教學(xué)目標(biāo)Inthisunitstudentsarerequiredto:本單元要求學(xué)生1)gettoknowsomeusefulinformationconcerningthetopicofthereadingpassagesinthisunitandtoknowmoreaboutEnglishculture;了解本單元閱讀部分的相關(guān)信息，了解更多關(guān)于英語文化的知識(shí);2)dosomepreparationactivitiessuchasdiscussion,groupwork,etc.topracticetheirspokenskillandcommunicativeskills;做一些準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)，如討論、小組工作等，以練習(xí)他們的口語技巧和溝通技巧;3)graspsomenewwordsandtrytousethesewordswhichhelpthemtoenrichtheirvocabulary;抓住一些生詞，試著用這些詞來豐富自己的詞匯量;4)readthein-classreadingpassageinalimitedtimeandgraspsomeexpressionsandgrammaticalpointsinthein-classreadingpassagetoimprovetheirreadingcomprehension;在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)閱讀課堂上的閱讀文章，掌握課堂上閱讀的一些表達(dá)和語法點(diǎn)，提高閱讀理解能力;5)dosomepost-readingexercisesandsomeafter-classreadingtopracticewhattheyhavegottoknowinclasstoimprovetheirEnglishcomprehensiveskills.;做一些課外閱讀練習(xí)和課后閱讀練習(xí)，以提高他們的英語綜合技能。6)translatesometypicalsentencesintoChineseorEnglishbyusingsomeexpressionslearnedinthereadingpassagestoacquiresometranslatingskillsandbettertheirtranslatingabilities.通過在閱讀文章中學(xué)習(xí)到的一些短語，將一些典型的句子翻譯成漢語或英語，從而獲得一些翻譯技巧和更好的翻譯能力。I.UsefulInformation有用的信息Holidayarespecialtimesofrespite（暫停，小歇）fromworkandotherroutines（常）.Insomecases,theyarelegalholidayswhenstores,businessesand規(guī)活動(dòng)governmentofficesareofficiallyclosed.Inothercases,theyarecelebrated（過節(jié)）withouttakingtimeofffromwork.Holidaysareoftentimesforcelebration,revelry（狂歡）,eating,drinking,travel,andfamilygatherings,buttheymayalsobetimesofrestandreflection（反）省.Thecurrenttrendisawayfromrestandreflection.Even1MardiGras(大齋首日的前一天，直譯為,thedaybeforethetraditionally”)“油膩的星期二reflectiveperiodofLent（大齋期）,hasturnedintoanentireweekofparties,paradesandmerry-makingforthosewhomaketheannualpilgrimageto（每年的朝圣）（游行）NewOrleans,forexample.假期是工作和其他日常生活中特殊的休息時(shí)間。在某些情況下，它們是法定假日，商店、企業(yè)和政府部門正式關(guān)閉。在其他情況下，他們不用請(qǐng)假就可以慶祝。節(jié)假日通常是慶祝、狂歡、吃喝、旅行和家庭聚會(huì)的時(shí)候，但也可能是休息和反思的時(shí)候。目前的趨勢(shì)是遠(yuǎn)離休息和反思。甚至在傳統(tǒng)意義上的大齋節(jié)的前一天，狂歡節(jié)也變成了整整一個(gè)星期的聚會(huì)、游行和聚會(huì)，為那些一年一度的新奧爾良的朝圣者們舉行慶?；顒?dòng)。Inmostculturestheschedulingofholidaysoriginallywasrelatedtothe（時(shí)間）seasons,thelunarcycle,andreligion.Christmas(December25)celebrates（太陽周期）thebirthofJesus,butitisnotactuallyknownwhetherJesuswasborninthewintertime.ThefirstRomanemperortoespouse（擁護(hù)）ChristianitydecidedtohaveChristmaswhenthedaysareshortesttobringaspiritofoptimismtothelongwintermonths.ItalsohelpedbringChristianitytothepagans（非基督徒）,whowereaccustomedtohavingfestivalsatthewintersolstice(冬至),encouragingwarmthandsunshinetoreturn.OvertheyearsChristmashascometosymbolize（象征）andgenerosityforbothChristiansandnon-Christiansthroughthepersonification（擬ofSantaClaus,originallyaChristiansaint,knownasSt.Nicholas.Nowadaysgoodwill人）Rudolphthered-nosedreindeerisalmostasimportantaglobal（全球的）symbolofChristmasasJesusorSantaandthecommercializationofChristmasthreatens（商業(yè)化）toreplacegenerositywithgreed.Manypeopleforgetthattheoriginal（吝嗇）ChristmasgiftsweregivenbytheThreeWiseMen,allpagans,toJesus,aJewishchildborninamanger.Alltheythinkofarethegiftstheywillgiveorreceive,（馬槽）andallthemoneytheyhavespent.在大多數(shù)文化中調(diào)度時(shí)穌的誕生，但還不知道耶穌是否在冬天漫長的冬天帶來樂觀的精神。它還幫助基督教的異教徒(非基督徒),他們習(xí)慣于在冬至節(jié)日和陽光。多年來的圣誕節(jié)來象征(象征)親善和慷慨基督徒和非基督徒都通過化身(擬人)的圣誕老人,原本一個(gè)基督教圣人,被稱為圣尼古拉斯。如今《紅鼻子馴鹿魯?shù)婪蚴且粯又匾娜?全球的)圣誕節(jié)是耶穌的象征或圣誕老人和商業(yè)化(商業(yè)化)的圣誕威脅要用貪婪代替慷慨(吝嗇)。許多人忘了最初的圣誕禮物是三位智者,所有的異教徒,耶穌,一個(gè)猶太孩子出生在馬槽里(馬槽)。他們所想到的是他們將給予或接受的禮物，以及他(間)的節(jié)日最初與季節(jié)有關(guān),月球周期出生。第一個(gè)信奉羅馬皇帝(擁護(hù))基督教決定圣(冬至),鼓勵(lì)溫暖(太陽周期),和宗教。圣誕節(jié)(12月25日)慶祝耶誕節(jié)當(dāng)日子最短為們所花費(fèi)的所有金錢。OnereasonfortheincreasingpopularityofChristmasisitsproximityto（臨近）NewYear’sDay,encouragingalongholidaytoevolve（發(fā)展）outofboth.IntheU.S.，theholidayhasturnedintoanextendedholidayseason,lastingfromThanksgivingDay（感恩節(jié)）inlateNovemberuntilNewYear’sDay,withaseeminglyendlessarrayofparties,dinners,concerts,parades,andvacationtrips.Theschoolsand（排列）collegesareclosedfrommid-DecemberthroughearlyJanuarywhilemanypeopleeattoomuch,drinktoomuch,andwatchtoomuchAmericanfootballonTV.Manygifts,cards,andannualnewslettersareexchanged,andthevariousfestivitiesarenotalwaysveryrestful.ThenthesamepeoplemakeNewYear’sResolutionstoeatless,drinkless,spendless,andworkharderinthecomingyear.圣誕節(jié)越來越受歡迎的一個(gè)原因是臨近(臨近)元旦,鼓勵(lì)長假進(jìn)化(發(fā)展)兩種。在美國。,這個(gè)節(jié)日已經(jīng)變成2了一個(gè)擴(kuò)展的假期,從感恩節(jié)持久(感恩節(jié))11月下旬在元旦之前,似乎有無數(shù)(排列)的派對(duì),宴會(huì)、音樂會(huì)、游旅行。從12月中旬到1月初，學(xué)校和大學(xué)停課，許多人吃得太多，喝得太多，電視上看太多美，各種慶?；顒?dòng)也不總是很寧靜。然后，同樣的人制定新行和度假式足球。許多禮物、賀卡和年度通訊都被交換了年決心:少吃，少喝，少花錢，在新的一年里更加努力。ChristmasisbyfarthemostimportantholidayinEnglish-speakingcountries.OtherimportantholidaysinadditiontoThanksgivingandNewYear’sDayareValentine’sDay,St.Patrick’sDay,AprilFools’Day,（愚人節(jié)）（情人節(jié)）（守護(hù)圣徒節(jié)）andEaster（復(fù)活節(jié)）.OnValentine’sDay,celebratedonFebruary14,peoplegivecards,chocolates,flowers,andkissestotheirspouses（配偶）andsweethearts.OnSt.Patrick’sDay,March17,peopleweargreentocelebratetheluckoftheIrish,andeatcornedbeefandcabbagewasheddownwithgreenbeer.DuringEasterWeekinlateMarchorearlyApril,ChristiansrememberthedeathandresurrectionofJesuswhileJewscelebratePassover,inmemoryoftheescapeoftheJewsfromancientEgypt,wheretheyhadbeenslaves.Althoughitisnotactuallyaholidayandhasnoreligiousconnotation（涵義）,AprilFools’Day,celebratedonApril1,isadaywhenpeopleplayembarrassingtricksontheirfriendsandcolleaguesandevenontheirteachers.AnotherholidaywithsomesimilaritytoAprilFools’DayisHalloween（萬圣節(jié)前夕）onOctober31,whenchildrenwearfunnyorscarycostumes（服裝）andask（嚇人的）theirneighborsfor“tricksortreats”.ThenameHalloweenmeans“hallowed（神圣的）evening”,thenightbeforeAllSaints’DaywhenChristiansaintsarehonored（萬圣節(jié)）（受封）.Onthefollowingday,AllSouls’Day,servicesandprayersaresaidforthedead.Inmanycountries,itisadaywhenfamiliesvisitcemeteries（公墓）andplaceflowersonthetombsoftheirrelatives.InEurope,LaborDayiscelebratedonMay1,whereasinCanadaandtheUnitedStates,laborandlaborersarehonoredbyalegalholidayonthefirstMondayinSeptember.到目前為止，圣誕節(jié)是英語國家最重要的節(jié)里克節(jié)(守護(hù)圣徒節(jié)),四月愚人節(jié)的一天(愚人節(jié)),和復(fù)活節(jié)巧克力,鮮花,親吻他們的配偶(配偶)和情侶。在3月17日的圣帕特里克節(jié)上，人們穿綠色的衣服來慶祝愛爾蘭人的好運(yùn)，吃咸牛肉和卷心菜，用綠色啤酒沖下。在三月末或四月初的周，基督徒們記得耶穌的死和復(fù)活，而猶太人慶祝逾越節(jié)，紀(jì)念猶太人從古埃及逃出來，在那里他們?cè)桥`。盡管它實(shí)際上不,沒有宗教內(nèi)涵(涵義),四月愚人節(jié)的一天,4月1日慶祝是一天當(dāng)人們尷尬捉弄他們的朋友和同事,甚至在他們的老師。一些相似的另一個(gè)節(jié)日愚人節(jié)(萬圣節(jié)前夕)10月31日,當(dāng)孩子穿有趣的或恐怖(嚇人的)服裝(服裝),問他們的鄰居“伎倆或治療”。萬圣節(jié)這個(gè)名字的意思是“神圣的(神圣的)晚上”,前一(萬圣節(jié))當(dāng)基督圣徒榮幸()。在接下來的一天，所有的靈魂節(jié)，服務(wù)和祈禱都是為了死者。在多國家,它是一天當(dāng)家庭訪問公墓(公墓),把花放在親人的墳?zāi)埂Ｔ跉W洲，勞動(dòng)節(jié)5月1日慶祝的，而在加拿大和美國，勞動(dòng)和勞動(dòng)者在9月的第一個(gè)星期一享有法定假日。日。其他重要的節(jié)日除了感恩節(jié)和新年情人節(jié)(情人節(jié)),圣帕特(復(fù)活節(jié))。2月14日慶祝情人節(jié)那天,人們給卡片,復(fù)活節(jié)是一個(gè)假期是萬圣節(jié)晚萬圣節(jié)許是在II.In-ClassReadingActivities課堂閱讀活動(dòng)AMerryChristmas圣誕快樂1.tosipawaytosip:drinkverysmallquantitiesaway:continuously(表示動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)下去)3Shewastypingawayinthelittleroom.Hewaslaughingawayallafternoon.Sippingatherdrinkjusttobepolite.2.togo/get/slip/runintodebt:toowemoneyIt’seasiertogetintodebtthantogetoutofitagain.Wemustcutdownexpensesorwe’llbegettingintodebt.3.tocometodo:begintodo(come和不定式構(gòu)成謂語)經(jīng)過一個(gè)過程發(fā)生某情況Ihopeweshallbefriendsandcometounderstandoneanother.Youmaycometobeashamedofwhatyouhavedonetoday.4.tobesupposedtodo:shoulddo;oughttodoWhoissupposedtolookafterthechild?Heissupposedtobewashingthecar.Sheissupposedtobereading.Whatishesupposedtobedoingnow?tobenotsupposedtodo:tobenotallowedtodoYouarenotsupposedtotalktostrangers.Itisasecretstill,Iamnotsupposedtosay.Supposingthat假使（狀語從句）Supposingthatshedoesn’tcome,whatshallwedo?Supposingthatheasksyou,willyougo?5.…atimewhen(when:atwhichtime)(attributiveclause)(afternouns:time,dayyear,childhood…)IhavealwayslongedforthetimewhenIshouldbeabletobeindependent.AtthetimewhenIsawhim,hewaswell.TherearemomentswhenIforgetallaboutit.4

tobeassociatedwith:tobeconnectedwith;toberelatedtoCigarettesmokinghasbeenassociatedwithbreastaswellaslungcancer.Hewishedtoforgeteverythingassociatedwithhisformerlife/wife.Politicalnewswasoftenrelatedtoeconomicandsocialproblems.6.tocarryout:fulfill;completesthWeintendtocarryoutourfullpolicy.Iwaschosentocarryouttheexperiment.Hedidn’tcarryouthispromise.7.Inone’sname;inthenameof:bytherightorpowerofIarrestyouinthenameofthelaw.Letmethankyouinthenameofusall.ThePrimeMinisterspokeinthenameoftheking.8.tosaveup:keep(money)forfutureuse;keepandnotspend/useasforaspecialpurposetosaveforWearesavingforanewcar./foranewhouse.Wearesavingtogetmarried.9.tositup:notgotobed(untillate)Isatupuntilmidnight,writinglettersandreading.Theysatupallnightplayingcards.Wedon’tallowthechildrentosituplate.10.firstofall:beforeeverythingelse;inthefirstplaceFirstofall,youmustbefrank.Ishalltryfirstofalltomakethemaltertheirideas.11.toputup:raisePutupyourhandifyouthinkyouknowtheanswer.Dropyourweaponsandputupyourhands.toputup:build5

Theyareputtingupseveralnewhousesonourstreet.Thesehouseswereputupin1924.toputup:providelodgingandfoodforIhopeyouwillbeabletoputmeupforafewdays.IamafraidIcannotputyouup;youwillhavetogotoahotel.toputup張貼，掛上toputinapublicplaceIt’stimeweputupChristmasdecorationsinthelivingroom.Toputupanotice12.inadvance:beforeintime;beforehand;aheadoftimetopayrentinadvanceThereisnoreasonwhyyoushouldn’ttelltheminadvancethatyouaregoing.Sendyourluggageinadvance.inadvanceof:infrontofShewalkedtwoyardsinadvanceofherhusband.13.whatever:nomatterwhat(adverbialofclause)Don’tloseheart,whateveryoudo.Whateverhappens,youmustbecalmandquiet.Whatever(introduceadverbialclausesofsubjectandobject.)WhateverIhavenowwillbeyoursinthefuture.I’lldowhateveryouwish.Oneshouldsticktowhateveronehasbegun.1.工作喝掉小啜:少量飲用:連續(xù)(表示動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)下去她打字的小房間里整個(gè)下啜飲她喝要禮貌。)。午他在笑。2。togo/get/slip/runintodebt:欠錢容易負(fù)債比的一遍。我們必須減少支出,否則就要負(fù)債了。3.產(chǎn)品來做:開始做(來和不定式構(gòu)成謂語)經(jīng)過一個(gè)過程發(fā)生某情況我希望我們將成為朋友,了解彼此。6你可能來你今天所做的事情感到羞愧的。4。應(yīng)該做的事:應(yīng)該做;應(yīng)該做的應(yīng)該照顧孩子是誰?他應(yīng)該是洗車。她應(yīng)該是閱讀。他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做的是什么?不應(yīng)該做:不允許做你不應(yīng)該和陌生人說話。它仍是一個(gè)秘密,我不應(yīng)該說。假設(shè)假使(狀語從句)假設(shè)她不來假設(shè)他問你,你會(huì)去嗎?5?！臅r(shí)候(當(dāng):時(shí)間)(定語從句)(名詞:時(shí)間后,天,童年…)我一直渴望的當(dāng)我看到他的時(shí)候,他很好。,我們?cè)趺崔k?時(shí)候我應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立的。有時(shí)刻我忘掉它。與…聯(lián)系在一起;與吸煙與乳腺癌有關(guān)以及肺癌。他想忘掉一切與他以前的生活/老婆。政治新聞往往與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)問題有關(guān)。6。執(zhí)行:滿足;完成某事我們打算執(zhí)行我們的完整的政策。我選擇開展實(shí)驗(yàn)。他沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)他的諾言。7.工作。在一個(gè)人的名字;以…的名義:由權(quán)利或權(quán)力我以法律的名義逮捕你。讓我感謝您在我們所有人的名字?？偫碚f國王的名字。8題。保存(貨幣)以備將來使用;保持，不要用在一個(gè)特殊的目的上保存為我們省錢買一輛新車。/買一棟新房子。我們存錢結(jié)婚。9。坐起來:不睡覺(直到很晚)我熬夜到午夜,寫信和閱讀。他們坐一整夜打牌。我們不允許孩子們熬夜。10題。首先:在一切事情首先,你一定是弗蘭克。我將首先嘗試使他們改變他們的想法。11。提出:提高之前;在第一時(shí)間舉起你的手如果你認(rèn)為你知道答案。扔掉你的武器和舉手。提出:構(gòu)建他們幾個(gè)新房子在我們的街道。這些房子是1924年建造的。住宿:提供住宿和食物7我希望你能夠把我?guī)滋?。我恐怕不能給你;你得去旅館。了張貼,掛在公共場所上是我們?cè)诳蛷d里圣誕裝飾品。張貼通知12題。提前:在時(shí)間之前;事先;提前提前支付租金沒有理由你不應(yīng)該提前告訴他們,你會(huì)。提前送你的行李。在前面:在前面她提前走了兩碼的她的丈夫。13題。無論什么(狀語從句)不要灰心,無論你做什么。無論發(fā)生什么,你必須保持冷靜和安靜。不管(介紹主體和客體的狀語從句)。無論我將來會(huì)是你的。我會(huì)做任何你希望。應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持任何一個(gè)已經(jīng)開始。III.Post-ReadingActivities校服的活動(dòng)QuestionsforGroupDiscussion小組討論問題1．Whatdothetwosubtitlesmean?這兩個(gè)副標(biāo)題是什么意思?Thesubtitle“MoreStuffing”isaplayonwords.Theverb“tostuff”hasseveralmeanings,buttherearetwothatcometomindatChristmastime.First,“tostuff”meanstoovereat(toeattoomuch);second,“tostuffachickenoraturkey”meanstoputstuffing(amixtureofbreadandseasonings)insidebeforeitiscooked.Sointhiscase,thesubtitle“MoreStuffing”means“Doyouwanttostuffmoreintoyourstomach?”and“Wouldyoulikesomemorestuffing?”Thelatterisapolitequestiononewouldaskatthedinnertable.副標(biāo)題“更多的填充物”“tostuff”的意思是吃得過飽(吃得太多);第二，物)放在里面，然后煮熟。所以在這種情況下，副標(biāo)題“填充物”的意思是“你想把更多的東西塞進(jìn)肚子里嗎?”和“你想再要些填料嗎?”后者是一個(gè)禮貌的問題，有人會(huì)在餐桌上問。是文字游戲。動(dòng)詞“tostuff”有幾個(gè)意思，但在圣誕節(jié)的時(shí)候有兩個(gè)意思。首先，“把雞肉或火雞填入餡料”的意思是把餡料(面包和調(diào)味料的混合Thesubtitle“NotOnlyforChildren?”meansthatChristmasisnotonlyawonderfultimeforchildrenbutalsoforadults.Itcanalsohelpadultsgetoutoftheordinaryroutineoflife.副標(biāo)題“不只是為孩子們準(zhǔn)備的?”這意味著圣誕節(jié)不僅是孩子們的好時(shí)光，也是成人的美好時(shí)光。它還能幫助成年人擺脫日常生活的常規(guī)。2．Whodoyouagreewith,PatrickBrendanorLynneKnight?Canyougiveadditionalreasonstosupporthis/herview..你同意,帕特里克·布倫丹還是Lynne騎士?你能給出其他理由來支持他/她的觀點(diǎn)嗎?Sample18IagreewithPatrickBrendan.IthinkChristmasisawasteofmoney.Peoplebuyalotoffoodthattheyareabletofinish.Theyspendalotofmoneyonpresents.Allthisproducesalotofwaste.Peoplerarelythinkofotherswhoarelessfortunate.Theyindulgethemselveswithgoodfoodandbeautifulclothes.Everyyear,theycelebrateChristmasinthesameway,whichisboring..TherealmeaningofChristmashasbeenlostinthecommercialization.Christmascausessicknessanddepression.Peopleeatanddrinktoomuchandpoorpeoplefeelsadbecausetheycan’taffordtobuythings.我同意PatrickBrendan的觀點(diǎn)。我認(rèn)為圣誕節(jié)是浪費(fèi)金錢。人們買了很多可以完成的食物。他們?cè)诙Y物上花了很多錢。所有這些都產(chǎn)生了大量的廢物。人們很少想到那些不幸的人。他們盡情享受美味的食物和漂亮的衣服。每年，他們都以同樣的方式慶祝圣誕節(jié)，這很無聊。圣誕節(jié)的真正意義已經(jīng)在商業(yè)化中消失了。圣誕節(jié)會(huì)引起疾病和抑郁。人們吃得太多，喝得太多，窮人因?yàn)橘I不起東西而感到悲傷。Sample2IagreewithLynneKnight.Afterworkingallyearthrough,peopledoneedatimeforrelaxationandatimeforfamilyreunions.Christmasisjustthetimeforit.Allthefamilymemberscangettogether,eatingthefoodtheylikeandchattingwitheachother.Presentsarenotimportant;what’simportantisthefriendshipbetweenpeople.Itisimportanttohaveaholidaythatcelebrateskindnessandgoodwilltoothers.Peopleshouldthinkoflessfortunatepeoplemoreoften,butatleasttheycandoitatChristmas.Holidaysthatmakechildrenhappyarewonderful.我同意LynneKnight的觀點(diǎn)。在工作了一年之后，人們確實(shí)需要一個(gè)放松的時(shí)間和一個(gè)家庭團(tuán)聚的時(shí)間。食物，互相聊天。禮物不重要;重要的是人友誼。重要的是要有一個(gè)節(jié)日來慶祝對(duì)他人的仁慈和善意。人們應(yīng)該多想想不幸的人，但至少圣誕節(jié)正是時(shí)候。所有的家庭成員可以聚在一起，吃他們喜歡的與人之間的他們可以在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)這樣做。讓孩子快樂的假期是美妙的。IV.FurtherDevelopment進(jìn)一步發(fā)展1．AdditionalInformation額外的信息ApartfromChristmasandAprilFool’sday,someofthemostimportantholidaysintheunitedStatesareLaborDay,Halloween,Thanksgiving,NewYear’sDay,Valentine’sDay,Mother’sDay,Father’sDayandEaster.除了圣誕節(jié),愚人節(jié),一些最重要的節(jié)日在美國勞動(dòng)節(jié),萬圣節(jié),感恩節(jié),新年,情人節(jié),母親節(jié),父親節(jié)和復(fù)活節(jié)LaborDay,celebratedtheMondayinSeptember,isanoccasionforparadestohonorworkers.ThestoryofLaborDaybeganinthe19thcenturywiththedreamofacarpenternamedPeterJ.MeGuire,whogrewupeventuallytobecomethepresidentofanationalunionofcarpenters.MeGuirewaswell-acquaintedwithboththesatisfactionandthesufferingthataccompanieshardwork.Hewantedtoestablishaholiday“tohonortheindustrialspirit,thegreatvitalforceofthenation”.Athissuggestion,thefirstLaborDayparadewasheldinNewYorkCityin1884,LaborDaybecameafederalholidayintheUnitedStates.勞動(dòng)節(jié),周一慶祝9月,是一個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)游行紀(jì)念工人。勞動(dòng)節(jié)的故事始于19世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時(shí)的夢(mèng)想是木匠彼得·j·梅奎爾(Peterj.MeGuire)，他最終成長為一個(gè)木匠工會(huì)的全國聯(lián)盟的主席。梅奎爾很熟悉9努力工作帶來的滿足感和痛苦。他想要建立一個(gè)“紀(jì)念工業(yè)精神，國家偉大的生命力”的節(jié)日。根據(jù)他的建議，第一次勞動(dòng)節(jié)游行在1884年在紐約市舉行，勞動(dòng)節(jié)在美國成為聯(lián)邦假日。Becausetheholidayalsomarkstheendofthesummervacationperiodformanypeople,itisoftenthetimeforanoutingtothebeach,apicnicinthepark,orabarbecueinthebackyard.Sincethisholidayprovidesathree-dayweekendformostworkersandstudents,manypeopleuseittoenjoyafewlastsummerdaysrelaxingoutdoors.因?yàn)榧倨谝矘?biāo)志著夏季的結(jié)束假期對(duì)許多人來說,往往是郊游去海灘的時(shí)候,在公園里野餐,或在后院燒烤。由于這個(gè)假期為大部分的工人和學(xué)生提供了一個(gè)為期三天的周末，許多人利用它來享受一些去年夏天在戶外放松的日子。EveryyearonOctober31,HalloweeniscelebratedthroughouttheUnitedStates.Americanchildrenlovetodressupincostumesandgotrick-or-treating.Ifanadultrefusestosupplyatreat----candy,cookies,fruit,ormoney----thechildrenmayplayatrick.TypicalHalloweenpranksaresoapingwindows,writingondoorswithcrayons,overturninggaragecans,stickingpinsintodoorbellstokeepthemringing,andsprayingshavingcreamoncarsandfriends.Masquerading(pretendingtobe),begging,andmanyotherHalloweencustomsaremainlyfortheamusementofchildren.ThenameHalloweenisashortwayofsayingAllHollow’sEve,whichmeansthenightbeforetheRomanCatholicholydayofAllSaints’Day.AlthoughHalloweengotitsnamefromaChristmasfestival,itscustomsareofdeathandaRomanfestivalinhonorofthegoddessofgardensandorchards.TheHalloweencolors,blackandorange,suggestbothideas:deathandharvest.每年10月31日慶祝萬圣節(jié)在美國。美國的孩子們喜歡穿上盛裝去玩“不給糖就搗亂”的游戲。如果一個(gè)成年人拒絕提供糖果、餅干、水果或金錢，孩子們可能會(huì)玩一個(gè)把戲。典型的萬圣節(jié)惡作劇是用蠟筆，用蠟筆在門上寫字，把車庫的罐子翻倒，把針插在門鈴上，讓它們不停地響，在汽車和朋友身上噴灑剃須膏。假扮(假裝)、乞討和其他許多萬圣節(jié)習(xí)俗主要是為了娛樂孩子?！癏alloween”這個(gè)詞是“AllHollow'sEve”的縮寫，意思是“萬圣節(jié)前夜”。雖然萬圣節(jié)的名字來源于一個(gè)圣誕節(jié)，但它的習(xí)俗是死亡和一個(gè)羅馬節(jié)日，以紀(jì)念花園和果園女神。萬圣節(jié)的顏色，黑色和橙色，暗示了兩個(gè)想法:死亡和收獲。IntheUnitedStates,thefourthThursdayinNovemberiscalledThanksgivingDay.Onthisday,celebratedwithbigdinnersandhappyreunions.ThefirstAmericanThanksgivingwasheldinPlymouth,Massachusettsin1621.ManyofthetraditionsofthemodernAmericanThanksgivingcomefromthatfirstThanksgivingcelebration.Today’sThanksgivingturkeyismuchliketheonesthatwerehuntedintheforestaroundPlymouth.Squashandcorn,whichwerealsoharvestedbytheearlyPilgrims,appearontheThanksgivingtable.PumpkinpieisatraditionalThanksgivingdessert.在美國,11月的第四個(gè)星期四是感恩節(jié)。在這一天，人們舉行盛大的晚宴，歡歡喜喜的團(tuán)聚。第一個(gè)美國感恩節(jié)于1621年在馬薩諸塞州的普利茅斯舉行?，F(xiàn)代美國感恩節(jié)的許多傳統(tǒng)都來自于第一次感恩節(jié)慶祝。今天的感恩節(jié)火雞和在普利茅斯附近的森林里狩獵的火雞很像。早期的朝圣者也收獲了南瓜和玉米，出現(xiàn)在感恩節(jié)餐桌上。南瓜派是傳統(tǒng)的感恩節(jié)甜點(diǎn)。Mother’sDayiscelebratedonthesecondSundayinMay.Onthisoccasion,Motherusuallyreceivesgreetingcardsandgiftsfromherhusbandand10children.ThebestgiftforanAmericanMomisadayofleisure.ThemodernemployedhomemakerenjoysthetraditionalMother’sDaycustomofbreakfast(orbrunch)cookedbyherfamilyandservedtoheronatrayinbed.Laterintheday,it’salsotraditionalfortheextendedfamilygrouptogettogetherfordinner,eitherinarestaurantorinoneoftheirhomes.FlowersareanimportantpartofMother’sDay.Mothersareoftengivencorsageoraplantfortheoccasion,particularlyiftheyareelderly.IftheMotherisnolongerliving,thechildrenoftenplaceflowersonhergrave.母親節(jié)是在五月的第二個(gè)星期日慶祝。在這個(gè)場合，母親通常會(huì)收到丈夫和孩子們的賀卡和禮物。對(duì)一個(gè)美國媽媽來說，最好的禮物就是一天的空閑?，F(xiàn)代工作的家庭主婦享受著傳統(tǒng)的母親節(jié)(或早午餐)的傳統(tǒng)，并在床上的托盤上招待她。當(dāng)天晚些時(shí)候，這也是傳統(tǒng)的大家庭聚餐，無論是在餐館還是在家里。鮮花是母親節(jié)的重要組成部分。母親們通常會(huì)給她們一些花束或植物，特別是當(dāng)她們是老年人的時(shí)候。如果母親已不在人世，孩子們常把花放在她的墳上。Father’sDayiscelebratedthroughouttheUnitedStatesandCanadaonthethirdSundayinJune.TheholidaycustomsaresimilartoMother’sDay.Dadalsoreceivesgreetingcardsandgiftsfromhisfamilyandenjoysadayofleisure.慶祝父親節(jié)在美國和加拿大在六月的第三個(gè)星期天。節(jié)日習(xí)俗與母親節(jié)相似。爸爸也會(huì)收到家人的賀卡和禮物，并享受一天的閑暇。Easter,oneofthemostimportantChristmasholidays,gotitsnameandmanyofitscustomsandsymbolsfromapaganfestival.ThisancientholidayhonoredEaster,thegoddessofspringtimeandsunrise.Hernamecamefromeast,wherethesunrises.Everyspring,northernEuropeanpeoplecelebratedthefestivalofEastertohonorthe復(fù)活節(jié),圣誕節(jié)最重要的一個(gè)節(jié)日,它的名字和它的許多風(fēng)俗和符號(hào)從一個(gè)異教徒的節(jié)日。這個(gè)古老的節(jié)日是復(fù)活節(jié)，是春天和日出的女神。她的名字來自東方，太陽升起的地方。每年春天，北歐人都會(huì)慶祝復(fù)活節(jié)來紀(jì)念這個(gè)節(jié)日Everyspring,northernEuropeanpeoplecelebratedthefestivalofEostretohonortheawakeningofnewlifeinnature.Later,ChristmasrelatedtherisingofthesuntotheResurrectionofChristandtotheirownspiritualrebirth.(AccordingtotheNewTestament,onEasterSunday,JesusChrist,whohaddiedonthecrossandbeenplacedinhistomb,cametolifeagain.)的覺醒。后來，圣誕節(jié)將太陽的升，在復(fù)活節(jié)，耶穌基督，死在十字每年春天,北歐起與基督的復(fù)活以及他架上，被安置在他的墳?zāi)估?，?fù)活了。)人專供厄俄斯特的節(jié)日用的圣物紀(jì)念慶祝新生命們自己的精神重生聯(lián)系起來。(根據(jù)新約ManymodernEastersymbolscamefrompagantimes.Theegg,forexample,wasexchangedbytheancientPersians,Greeks,andChineseattheirspringfestivals.InChristmastimes,theeggtoo許多現(xiàn)代復(fù)活節(jié)象征來自異教時(shí)代。例如，古代波斯人、希臘人和中國人在他們的春節(jié)期間交換了彩蛋。在圣誕節(jié)的時(shí)候，雞蛋也是TheEasterbunnyalsocamefrompre-Christmastimes.Therabbit,averyfertileanimal,wasanaturalsymbolofnewlife.Today,childrenenjoyeating11chocolatebunniesandlisteningtostoriesaboutEasterbunny,whobringsEastereggsinafancybasket.Insomefamilies,theparentshidecandyeggsforthechildrentofind.復(fù)活節(jié)兔子也來自于圣誕節(jié)前的時(shí)間。兔子是一種很有生育能力的動(dòng)物，是新生活的自然象征。今天，孩子們喜歡吃巧克力兔，聽著復(fù)活節(jié)兔子的故事，他們把復(fù)活節(jié)彩蛋放在一個(gè)別致的籃子里。在一些家庭里，父母為孩子們藏糖果蛋。Traditionally,themeatsassociatedwithEasterarelambandham.Bothofthesemeatshavehadsymbolicmeaningsinceancienttimes.IntheOldTestament,Abrahamusedthelambasasacrificeafterthousandsofyears;thepighasbeenasymbolofgoodluck.OnEasterSunday,smokedorcookedhamisthetraditionalmaincourseinbothEuropeandtheUnitedStates.傳統(tǒng)上,與復(fù)活節(jié)相關(guān)的肉類是羊肉和火腿。這兩種肉自古以來就具有象征意義。在舊約中，亞伯拉罕用羊羔作了幾千年的祭品;豬是好運(yùn)的象征。在復(fù)活節(jié)，熏制或煮熟的火腿是歐洲和美國傳統(tǒng)的主菜。Easterisahappytime.Thecontinualrebirthofphysicallifeonearthsymbolizestheeternityofspirituallife.ButthedeepermeaningofEasterisaprofoundparadox.ThestoryofChristimpliesthatforallChristiansthebeginningofeternallifeisphysicaldeath.WhatdoyouknowaboutthetraditionalChineseFestivals?復(fù)活節(jié)是一個(gè)快樂的時(shí)間。地球上物質(zhì)生命的不斷再生象征著精神生活的永恒。但復(fù)活節(jié)的深層含義是一個(gè)深?yuàn)W的悖論。基督的故事暗示，對(duì)所有的基督徒來說，永恒生命的開始是肉體的死亡。你對(duì)中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日了解多少?Apartfromthespringfestival,someofthetraditionalChinesefestivalsare:NewYear’sDay(Jan.1st,SolarCalendar);theLanternFestival(Jan.15th,LunarCalendar);PureBrightness(ClearandBrightDay)(April5th,SolarCalendar)theDragonBoatFestival(May5th,LunarCalendar);theDoubleNinthFestival(Sep.9th,LunarCalendar);theMid-autumnFestival(August15th,LunarCalendar)除了春節(jié)外,一些中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日:元旦(1月1日,陽歷);元宵節(jié)(Jan.15th農(nóng)歷);純亮度(清明一天)(4月5日,陽歷)