大學英語聽力教程第三冊（第二版）聽力原文

大學英語聽力教程第三冊（第二版）聽力原文UNIT1IstheEarthBeingSqueezedDryPartIITheEarthatrisk(I)PartIIITheEarthatrisk(II)PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:TheEffectsofGlobalWarmingPart1GettingreadyBTheAmazon['?m?zn]forestsaredisappearingbecauseofincreasedburningandtreeremoval.InSeptember,satellitepicturesshowedmorethan20000firesburningintheAmazon.Expertssaymostofthesefiresweresetbyfarmers.Thefarmerswereattemptingtoclearlandtogrowcrops.TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysanotherseriousproblemisthattoomanytreesintheAmazonrainforestarebeingcutdown.TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysthefiresshowtheneedforurgentinternationalactiontoprotecttheworld'srainforests.Thegroupwarnsthatwithoutsuchactionsomeforestscouldbelostforever.2.EnvironmentalissuesswelltothefullinBerlinthisweek,fortheUNsponsoredconferenceonglobalwarmingandclimatechangeisthefirstsuchmeetingsincetheRio['ri:?u]summitthreeyearsago.WithscientistsandgovernmentsnowgenerallyreadytoacceptthattheearthclimateisbeingaffectedbyemissionsofCO2(carbondioxide)andothergreenhousegases,overahundredcountriesaresendingdelegations.ButhowmuchprogresshasbeenmadeimplementingthegreenhousegasreductiontargetagreedonatRio?SimonDaryreports...NOTE：專四?？荚掝}之一普遍性話題：globalwarmingandclimatechange以讀促聽：有關(guān)亞馬遜叢林和溫室氣體排放的短小文章找有關(guān)聽力小短文:見材料1.氣候變化導致嚴重的物種損失單詞:1.Implement:Ifyouimplementsomethingsuchasaplan,youensurethatwhathasbeenplannedisdone.2.Delegation:Adelegationisagroupofpeoplewhohavebeensentsomewheretohavetalkswithotherpeopleonbehalfofalargergroupofpeople.3.Emission:Anemissionofsomethingsuchasgasorradiationisthereleaseofitintotheatmosphere.[FORMAL]4.Summit:Asummitisameetingatwhichtheleadersoftwoormorecountriesdiscussimportantmatters5.Swell:Iftheamountorsizeofsomethingswellsorifsomethingswellsit,itbecomeslargerthanitwasbefore.6.（1）VSponsor：Ifanorganizationoranindividualsponsorssomethingsuchasaneventorsomeone'straining,theypaysomeoralloftheexpensesconnectedwithit,ofteninordertogetpublicityforthemselves.（2）NAsponsorisapersonororganizationthatsponsorssomethingorsomeone7.(1)NFund:Afundisanamountofmoneythatiscollectedorsavedforaparticularpurpose.(2)VWhenapersonororganizationfundssomething,theyprovidemoneyforit.Part2TheearthatriskI:BrianCowlesistheproducerofanewseries['s??ri?z;-r?z]ofdocumentariescalled"TheEarthatRisk"whichcanbeseenonChannel4laterthismonth.Eachprogramdealswithadifferentcontinent,doesn'tit,Brian?1.Series['s??ri?z;-r?z]Aseriesofthingsoreventsisanumberofthemthatcomeoneaftertheother.系列節(jié)目2.Serial['s??r??l]Aserialisastorywhichisbroadcastontelevisionorradioorispublishedinamagazineornewspaperinanumberofpartsoveraperiodoftime.電視連續(xù)劇3.Sequel['si?kw(?)l]Abookormoviewhichisasequeltoanearlieronecontinuesthestoryoftheearlierone.續(xù)集B:That'sright.WewenttoAmerica,bothNorthandSouthandthenwewentovertoAfricaandSouth-EastAsia.I:Andwhatdidyoufindineachofthesecontinents?B:StartingwithAfrica,ourfilmshowstheimpactofthepopulationontheenvironment.Generallyspeaking,thishascausedtheSaharaDeserttoexpand.It'sabitofaviciouscirclewefind.Peoplecutdowntreesforfirewoodandtheirdomesticanimalseatalltheavailableplants—andsoconsequentlytheyhavetomovesouthastheSaharaDesertexpandsfurthersouth.Imean,soonthewholeofMaliwillbecomeadesert.AndinEastAfrica:herethegrasslandsaresupportingtoomanyanimalsandtheresultis,ofcourse,there'snograss—nothingfortheanimalstoeat.I:Isee.AndthenextfilmdealswithNorthAmerica?B:That'sright.IntheUSA,asyouknow,intensiveagriculturerequiresaplentifulsupplyofrainforthesecropstogrow,Imeanifthereisn'tenoughrainthecropsdon'tgrow.Andgrowingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Thisisalsotrueforanyregionthatisintenselyfarmed—mostofEurope,forexample.I:AndwhatdidyoufindinSouthAmerica?B:InSouthAmerica(asinCentralAfricaandSouthernAsia)tropicalforests(tropical熱帶的temperate溫帶的frigid寒帶的)arebeingcutdownatanalarmingrate.Thisisdonesothatpeoplecansupportthemselvesbygrowingfoodortocreateranches[rɑ?n(t)?]農(nóng)場wherecattlecanberaisedtobeexportedtoEuropeorAmericaastinnedmeat.Theproblemisthatthesoilissopoorthatonlyacoupleofharvestsarepossiblebeforethisverythinsoilbecomesexhausted.Anditcan'tbefedwithfertilizers肥料likeagriculturallandinEurope.Forexample,inBrazilin1982anareaofjunglethesizeofBritainandFrancecombinedwasdestroyedtomakewayforanironoremine.HugenumbersoftreesarebeingcutdownforexportsashardwoodtoJapan,Europe,USAtomakethingslikeluxuryfurniture.Theseforestscan'tbereplaced—theforestsoilisthinandunproductiveandinjustafewyears,ajunglehasbecomeawasteland.Tropicalforestscontainrareplants(whichwecanuseformedicines,forexample)andanimals—oneanimalorplantspeciesbecomesextincteveryhalfhour.Theseforesttreesalsohaveworldwideeffects.Youknow,theyconvertcarbondioxideintooxygen.Theconsequenceofdestroyingforestsisnotonlythattheclimateofthatregionchanges(becausethereislessrainfall)butthischangeaffectsthewholeworld.Imean,overhalftheworld'srainforesthasbeencutdownthiscentury.Part3sectionATheEarthatrisk(II)I-InterviewerB-BrianCowlesI:So,Brian,wouldyouagreethatwhatwegenerallythinkofasnaturaldisastersareinfactman-made?B:Yes,byandlarge.總的說來,大體上,口語積累Imean,obviouslynothurricanesorearthquakes,buttakeflooding,forexample.Practicallyeveryyear,thewholeofBangladeshisfloodedandthisisgettingworse.Youknow,thecauseisthatforestshavebeencutdownupinNepalandIndia,Imeanhigherup-river河的上游intheHimalayas.Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots,butifthey'vebeencutdownalltherainthatfallsinthemonsoon季風seasonflowsstraightintotheriverGangesandfloodsthewholecountry.ThereasonforfloodinginSudanisthesame—theforestshigheruptheBlueNileinEthiopiahavebeendestroyedtoo.I:Well,thisallsoundsterriblydepressing.Um...Whatistobedone?Imean,cananythingbedone,infact?B:Yes,ofcourseitcan.First,thenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward-lookingandconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesintenortwentyyears,notjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.Somehow,allthecountriesintheworldhavetoworktogetheronaninternationalbasis.Secondly,thepopulationhastobecontrolledinsomeway:therearetoomanypeopletryingtoliveofftoolittleland.Thirdly,wedon'tneedtropicalhardwoodtomakeourfurniture—it'saluxurypeopleintheWestmustdowithout.Softwoodsarejustasgood,lessexpensiveandcanbeproducedonenvironment-friendly"treefarms",wheretreesarereplacedatthesameratethattheyarecutdown.I:And,presumably,educationisimportantaswell.Peoplemustbeeducatedtorealizetheconsequencesoftheiractions?解決措施:寫作,或者聽力PASSAGE,閱讀理解等B:Yes,ofcourse.I:Well,thankyou,Brian.專四出題點:1.文中提到了以下哪些措施;2哪項不是文中的觀點等等找新聞:有關(guān)孟加拉沉船報道有關(guān)熱帶雨林被毀壞以及治理措施Part4Theworldiswarmingup.Weknowthisbecauseaveragetemperaturesarethehighestsincescientistsstartedmeasuringthem600yearsago.Theincreaseisabout0.2℃everyyear.Thismayseemveryslight,butweknowthatslightchangesintemperaturecanhaveabigeffectonotherthings.Mostscientistsnowbelievethisglobalwarmingisduetohumanactivity.找主題JeffJenkinsisheadofBritain'sClimatePredictionCenter.Heexplainshowglobalwarmingcanhappen.文中提及某專家時,一定要留意專,以及家,及其觀點.出題時,有可能是1)判斷以下哪項不是或者是專,2)專家贊成什么不贊成什么,3)兩位專的觀點異同,4)哪位專句家的觀點接下來出現(xiàn)的另外的專家的觀點家家的觀點得到大眾支持或者反對等等"Sunlightstrikestheearthandwarmsitup.Atthesametimeheatleavestheearth,butpartofthatistrappedbycarbondioxideandothergasesintheearth'satmosphere.Thathasbeenhappeningeversincetheearthwasformed.Butthefearisthatincreasingamountsofcarbondioxideproducedbyindustrialprocessesandtransportandsoonwillleadtoagreaterwarmingoftheearth'ssurface.Sothat'stheglobalwarmingthatpeopleareconcernedabout."Peoplearemostconcernedabouttheuseoffossilfuels.礦物燃料Fossilfuelsareoil,coal,woodandsoon.Whentheseburn,theyproducethegascarbondioxide.Manyscientistsagreethatanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideandsomeofthegasesintheatmospherewillincreasetheamountofwarming.Computersarebeingusedtopredictwhatthismaymean.Theyshowedthattherecouldbegreatchangesinrainfallandtheriseinthesealevelasicecaps冰蓋inthenorthandsouthpolesmelt.ThiscouldhaveaseriouseffectonagricultureaccordingtoProf.MartinPerryofUniversityCollegeinLondon.Hesaysitcouldbecomemoredifficulttogrowfoodinthetropicsatlowerlatitudesnearertotheequator."Themostclearpatternemergingisthepossibilityofreducedpotentialproductioninlowerlatituderegions,andmostgenerallyspeaking,increasedpotentialinhigherlatituderegions.Lowerlatituderegionsarealreadywarm,toputitextremelysimply,andplantstherearequiteneartheirlimitsofheatanddroughtstress.Anincreaseintemperatureorreductioninmoisturewouldplacelimitsoncropgrowth."Woman:Globalwarmingcouldreducefoodproductioninlowerlatituderegions.Lowerlatituderegionsarealreadywarm.Globalwarmingcouldputmorestressonplansandplacelimitsoncropgrowth.Foodproductionisonlyoneareathatcouldbeaffected.Therecouldalsobehealthandsocialproblems.Prof.AntonyMacMichaeloftheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicinebelievesthatsomeruralareasarealreadysuffering.Andtheinsectsandbacteria細菌couldspreaddiseasemoreeasily."Alreadyanumberofruralpopulationsaroundtheworldaresufferingfromthedeclineofagriculturalsystems.Climatechangewouldaddtothis.Andwewouldexpectthatitwouldaccelerate增加,加速thefloodofenvironmentalrefugeesaroundtheworld.Butitincludesnotjustthefoodproductionsystems,butthepatternsofdistributionofinsectsandinfectiveagents傳染病aroundtheworld.Itincludeslikelyeffectsonpatternsofhear-relatedfoodpoisoning,watercontamination污染anddiarrheadiseases[,dai?'ri?]腹瀉疾病,lotsofthingslikethisthatwouldrespondsensitivelytochangesinclimate."Woman:Globalwarmingcouldaffectthedistributionofinsects.Globalwarmingcouldchangepatternsofheat-relatedfoodpoisoning.Manycountriesnowagreethatsomethingmustbedonetoreducethedangerofglobalwarming.Butaworldwideagreementonloweringtheproductionofcarbondioxidehasbeendifficulttoreach.Thisisbecausemanyeconomiesdependonfossilfuelslikeoil.Scientistsbelieveit'snowthepoliticiansineveryregionoftheworldwhoneedtotakeaction.最后點明全文主題,出題點,文章的,支持什么觀點,是正是反等等中心思想是什么.Contamination和pollution的區(qū)別Part5EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearly5yearsago.Buttheproblemsthatmeetinghighlighted顯著、強調(diào)hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironmentalthinktank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute—hasbeenlookingatthefutureofwateranditsreportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleap巨大的飛躍inusage慣例overthepastfewyears.1.Takeabackseat處于默默無聞的地位；處于次要地位；退居二線Insomepartsoftheworld,waterconsumptionhasincreasedfivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyitsinitialsIFPRI,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethetrigger引發(fā)、觸發(fā)forconflictandamajorbarriertofeedingtheworld'sgrowingpopulation.Here'sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit."It'softenbeensaidthatwaterratherthanoilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPRIreport,thetimewhenthathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeopleaffectedbywatershortagewillincreasetenfoldoverthenext30years,itsays,whichcouldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.Themainreasonwhywaterisbecomingascarce[ske?s]缺乏，稀有的resourceisagriculture,whichnowaccountsfor70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insomedevelopingcountries.Countlessfarmershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenous本土的，土著的cropsforthehomemarkettohighyield[ji:ld]收益exportvarieties,whichinevitablyneedfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpediment[?m'ped?m(?)nt]妨礙，組織tofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcityalsoleadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholes鉆孔hasledtoarsenic['ɑ?s(?)n?k]砷poisoningwhichisestimatedtohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentives動機，刺激toencourageconservation."Unit2LetBirdsFlyPartIIChristmasbirdcountsPartIIIDolphincaptivityPartIVMoreaboutthetopic:Birds--aSourceofWealthPart1A:Hello,I'mcallingonbehalfoftheWorldWildlifeFund.B:Thewhat?A:TheWorldWildlifeFund.Ifyou'vegotafewminutesI'dliketotellyouwhatthatmeans.B:Oh,allright.A:Weworktoconservenaturalareasthatcontainendangeredwildlife.Theseas,forexample,havebecomepollutedbytheindustrializedworld;whalesarebeinghuntedtoextinction;turtlesarerolledofftheireggswhentheycomeashore[?'???]tobreedorareslaughteredfortheirmeatandoil…B:Oh.A:Crocodilesarekilledtomakehandbagsandshoes;walruses['w?lr?s]海象arehuntedfortheirivory.['a?v(?)r?]海象牙B:Isee.A:Sealsarebludgeoned['bl?d?(?)n]棍棒打todeathtoprovidefurcoatsandthethreatofextinctionhangsover威脅severalspeciesofwhale,dolphinandporpoise.['p?rp?s]鼠海豚B:Really.A:Wearenowcampaigningtoprovideseasanctuaries['s??kt?u?ri]避難所forsomeoftheseendangeredspecies.B:Veryinteresting.A:Aidedbyourcampaign,protectednestingsitesforturtleshavealreadybeensetup.Asyoucansee,thisisveryvaluableworkandIwonderthereforeifyou'dliketomakeadonation?判斷說話者意圖遇到生詞，根據(jù)上線文推斷其含義，非考察重點，不論是名詞還是動詞，可以根據(jù)并列的幾個詞的含義或在句子中的成分來推斷出生詞的含義。Part2ChristmasbirdcountsJohnJamesAudubonwasanAmericanartistintheearly1800s,whoillustratedbirdsintheirnaturalhabitats.TheSocietynamedafterhimwasfoundedinthelate1800sbyconservationistsconcernedwiththedeclineofbirds,whichwerebeingkilledsotheirfeatherscouldbeusedinthemanufactureofwomen'shats.SponsoredbytheNationalAudubonSociety,morethan40000volunteerswillbeoutsidecountingbirdsfromtodayuntilJanuary3rd.Volunteersfromall50statesoftheUnitedStates,everyCanadianprovince,partsofCentralandSouthAmerica,Bermuda,theWestIndiesandPacificislandshavebeguntocountandrecordeveryindividualbirdandbirdspeciesobservedduringthetwoandonehalfweekperiodofthecount.JeffreyLeBaronistheNationalAudubonSociety'sChristmasBirdCounteditor.Hesaysthecountisthelongest-runningbirdcensus普查inornithology.[,??n?'θ?l?d??]鳥類學Thisyear,accordingtoMr.LeBaron,morethan1600separatebirdcountshavebeenscheduled.Somewouldhaveasfewas10peopletakingpart,otherswithhundreds.ThelogisticsoftheChristmasbirdcount,headds,aresimple."Eachindividualcountisinacircle.It'sa15milediameter[da?'?m?t?]circle,um,aroundtheexactcenterpoint.Andit'salwaystheexactlysameareathat'sdoneeveryyear,usually,evenonthesameweekendduringthecountperiod.Andwhattheidealwouldbe,whichisvirtuallyimpossible,isthiscensus:everysingleindividualbirdwithinthatcircleonthecountday."Mr.LeBaronsaysexperiencedbirdcounterscangetagoodideaofthetotalbirdpopulationswithinthecountcirclebasedonthenumberofbirdstheyactuallysee.Theeditorpointsout,however,thatthecountsarenotonlyforexperiencedbirdwatchers."Anybodythatisinterestedorconcernedcanbecomeinvolved.Beginnerswillgooutinapartywithexperiencedindividualswhoknowboththeareaandthebirdsinthearea,inthefieldwheremoreeyesandearsarebetter.Andthenanybodycanpointoutabird,andsomeoneinthefieldwillalwaysbeabletoidentifythebird."了解主要事件：whatwhoPart3DolphincaptivityA—AlanTuR—RickTroudD—DeborahDuffieldP—PeterJonesJ—JeanMichelCousteau[AlanTuisanannouncerforColoradoPublicRadio;PeterJonesisareporterforColoradoPublicRadio.Theotherspeakersareidentifiedinthereport.]A:Aplannedaquatic[?'kw?tik]parkinDenverisraisingtheire['a??]憤怒ofanimalrightsactivistswhoobjecttoaproposaltoincludeacaptive被迷住的dolphindisplay.AlthoughofficialsforColorado'sOceanJourneyssaytheyhaveyettomakeafinaldecisionontheissue,localandnationalactivistshavealreadyinstigateda"NoDolphinsinDenver'campaign.AsColoradoPublicRadio'sPeterJonesreports,thebattlelineshavebeenclearlydrawn.Instigate:SomeonewhoinstigatesaneventcausesittohappenP:RickTroud,aformernavydolphintrainerbasedinFlorida,istakinganactiveroleinthe"NoDolphins"campaign.R:Averageageinthewildrangesanywhereinsomeofthestudiesbetween30and40yearsofage.Incaptivity[k?p't?v?t?]囚禁被關(guān),youcanexpectadolphintolivemaybe5.13years,andevery7yearsincaptivity,thedolphinpopulationisdead.P:AccordingtoTroud,therearemanyreasonswhydolphinscan'tlivefulllivesincaptivity.R:Ifyoutakealookatwheretherealdolphinisintherealocean,youfindthedolphinwhoswims40milesaday,isveryfamily-oriented.Theseanimalsareseparatedfromtheirmothers;that'sastress.Youputtheminaconcretetankwheretheirsonarbounces[bauns]offofwalls,theycan'tswiminthesameamountoftimeanddirectionthattheycaninthewild.Bounceoff:Ifsoundorlightbouncesoffasurfaceorisbouncedoffit,itreachesthesurfaceandisreflectedback.P:Environmentalistandoceanexplorer,JeanMichelCousteau:J:Therearesomeanimalswhichrejectcaptivityrightaway,andthey'reverysuicidal.I'vehadoneofthoseinmyownarmsformanydays.ThenextmorningwhenIcametotakecareofhim,hewasdead.Andwhathe'ddonewastoswimasfastashecouldfromoneendofthepoolon...totheothersideanddestroyedhisheadbyhittingthewall.Theyhaveaverysophisticated復(fù)雜的精致的brain.Idon'tthinkwehaveanyrightstoplaywiththelivesoftheseanimals.P:Cousteau'santi-captivitypositionischallengedbyDr.DeborahDuffield,abiologyprofessoratPortlandStateCollegeinOregon.Her1990studycomparedcaptivedolphinstothewildpopulationofSarasotaBay,Florida.Amongotherfindings,thestudyshowedlittleifanydifferenceintheaverageageofdeath.AndDuffieldsayslifeisgenerallygettingbetterforcaptivedolphins.圈養(yǎng)海豚D:ThecensusdatasaythateverytimeIdoacensus,I'vegotolderandolderanimalsinitaswellasthisnormalagedistribution分布分配thatwe'vebeenlookingat.Somyfeelingisthatthetrendincaptivityhasbeenthatthegroupofanimalsthatwe'refollowingaregettingolder,andiftheycontinuetodothatoverthenextfiveyears,theywillthenindeedbeolderthanthewildpopulation.P:Thereisalsoadebateovertheeducationalbenefitsofkeepingmarinemammalsincaptivity.AccordingtoDuffield,captivedolphinsplayanimportantroleinourbasicunderstandingoftheanimals.D:Ifirmlybelievethatwecannotlearnanythingaboutorganismsthatwesharethisworldwithifwedonotunderstandhowtheyliveinanenvironment,andwhattheydo,andthatwatchingthemgobyinthewildwillnotdoit.Icannottellwhatananimalneeds,unlessIknowhowitoperates,howitbreeds,whatitneedsmetabolically,andIcan'tlearnthatfromanimalsinthewild.P:ButTroudsaysthedolphindisplaysareanti-educationalbecausetheanimals'naturalbehaviorpatternsarealtered['?:lt?]改變bycaptivity.R:Inthewild,youdon'thavedolphinswhobeateachothertodeath.TherearenodolphinsthatI'veeverseenstranded[str?nd?d]擱淺onthebeach,whoaresufferingfromfractured['fr?kt??d]skulls,fracturedribsorfracturedjaws,asisthecaseincaptivity.P:TheOceanJourneyboardwilltakeallfactorsintoconsiderationbeforemakingafinaldecisiononwhethertoincludedolphinsinthepark.ForColoradoPublicRadio,I'mPeterJones.Part4PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:Birds--aSourceofWealthMr.LeBaronsaysthereareabout9300differentknownspeciesofbirds.Largernumbersofthemliveinthewarmerclimates.Forexample,morethan300differentspecieshavebeencountedinPanama,whilefarfewerspeciesarenativetocolderclimates.Asidefromtheiresthetic[i?s'θet?k]審美的value,Mr.LeBaronsaysbirdsareimportanttotheenvironmentbecausetheycansignalchangesinit."Birdsareoneofthebestindicatorsthatwehaveofthequalityoftheenvironmentwithinthegivenarea.Whetheritisarelativelylocalarea,orevenprimarilyontheworldwidebases,theyareoneofthefirstthingstobealtered.Theyarequitesensitivetoahabitatalterationortootherthreats.Andoftentimeswhenbirdsaredisappearingoutofthearea,itjustmeansthereisadegradationofthequalityofthehabitatwithinthatareawhichwilladversely[?d'v?sli]不利的，反對的affecteverythinginthereincludinghumans."1．Degradationistheprocessofsomethingbecomingworseorweaker,orbeingmadeworseorweaker.2．Adversedecisions,conditions,oreffectsareunfavorabletoyouNationalAudubonSocietyeditorJeffreyLeBaroncallstheworld'sbirdpopulationsasourceofwealththathumansmustprotect."Peoplegetsomuchpleasureoutoflookingatbirdsandlisteningtobirds.Andiftheystartdisappearingjusttheer,thequalityoflife,um,maybenotphysically,butthementalqualityoflifecanbedegradedquickly."JeffreyLeBaronsaysthatwhiletheNationalAudubonSociety'sannualChristmasbirdcountsshowadeclineinsomespecies,manytypesofbirdsareactuallyincreasingtheirpopulations.Part5Scientistshavecatalogedmorethanoneandone-halfmillionofthespeciesthatexistonEarthtoday.Bysomerecentestimates,atleast20timesthatmanyspeciesinhabit棲息theplanet..Upto100speciesbecomeextincteveryday.Scientistsestimatethatthetotalnumberofspecieslosteachyearmayclimbto40000bytheyear2000,aratefarexceedinganyinthelast65millionyears..Aroundtheworldmorethan3500protectedareasexistintheformofparks,wildliferefuges['r?fj?d?]給?庇護，避難andotherreserves.Theseareascoveratotalofabout2millionsquaremiles(5millionsquarekm,or3%ofourtotallandarea)..Today,morethan200animalspeciesintheUnitedStatesareclassifiedasendangered.Morethan1000animalspeciesareendangeredworldwide..Little-noticedaquaticanimalsareinbigtrouble.InNorthAmerica,athirdofourfishspecies,two-thirdsofourcrayfish['krei,fi?]小龍蝦speciesandnearlythree-quartersofthemusselspeciesareintrouble.Unit3EINino?LaNina?PartIIEINinoPartIlILickobservatoryPartIVMoreaboutthetopic:TheNationalClimaticDataCenterpart1B：LookinghereatWednesday'sweatherforecastforEurope.It'scertainlyclearthatwinterisstartingtotakeitsgriponthecontinent.BerlinonWednesday,mostlycloudyandverycold,and-2degreesforyourhigh(2degreesbelowzero).Brussels,Belgium,alittlewarmeratonedegree,partlysunny.London,5degreesforyourhigh,mostlycloudythroughouttheday.InParis,yourhightemperatureis0degreesonWednesday,partlycloudyaswell.Rome,8degreesforyourhigh,withperiodsofcloudsandsunshine.AndVienna,Austria,-2degreesonWednesday,cloudyandofcoursecold.Athens,Greece,alittlewarmerat10degrees,periodsofcloudsandsunshineonWednesday.Belgrade,Yugoslavia,1degreeforyourhigh,mostlycloudy.Istanbul,5degrees,andpartlysunny.AndKiev,Ukraine,-7degrees,andyoucanexpectsnow.Moscow,-9degreesonWednesday,alsosnowy.AndinPrague,theCzechRepublic,-4degreeswithsnowflurries['fl?r?]雪陣；陣雪,sosoundsliketypicalofweatherforthatareaoftheworld.Let'slookatwhatwehavehereinWashingtonD.C.,nosnowyet,butitwillbecoming.D：As1998endsandpeoplelookforwardtothelastyearofthecentury,theWorldAlmanacspokewithexpertsaboutwhatcomesnext.Almanaceditorialdirectorsaystheexpertsbelievethenextcenturywillbringlotsofchanges."Warm,ofcourse,thatourclimateisgoingtocontinuegettingwarmer.That'sthesubject,bytheway,ofanothernewarticleonthe1999WorldAlmanac.Thegreenhouseeffect,exactlywhatcausesit,andwhatstepstobetakento,um,perhaps,toalleviate[?'li?v?e?t]減輕緩和globalwarming.I'veseenrecentlythat1998isgoingtogodown被認為asthewarmestyeareveronrecord.Andsothat'sgoingtobeamajorissueofthenextcentury,andpo