動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)-“一帶一路”倡議下的全球城市

TURMOILAND

REALIGNMENT“一帶一路”倡議下的全球城市GLOBAL

CITIES

IN

THE

VISION

OF

THE

BELT

AND

ROAD

INITIATIVE動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)前言

PREFACE2022

年，新冠肺炎疫情持續(xù)肆虐，俄烏沖突波及全球，能源危機(jī)愈演愈烈，全球化危機(jī)一波未平，一波又起。多重沖擊下，全球交通聯(lián)系動(dòng)蕩，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈破碎化，各國(guó)政府紛紛加大本土投資保障發(fā)展安全與韌性，全球城市陷入動(dòng)蕩之中，面臨著不確定的挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇。在全球治理陣營(yíng)對(duì)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)日益增長(zhǎng)、貿(mào)易壁壘不斷推高的背景下，“一帶一路”倡議倡導(dǎo)的包容性全球化理念是全球化“寒潮”中的一股暖流，為全球化注入新的動(dòng)力。包容性全球化堅(jiān)持更公平的發(fā)展理念，推動(dòng)新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體城市通過(guò)多樣路徑嵌入全球城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)，催生多元共生的“全球城市雨林”。今年，我們持續(xù)優(yōu)化完善全球活力城市、“一帶一路”潛力城市指標(biāo)體系及算法，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)結(jié)合產(chǎn)業(yè)方向變革、科技競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇趨勢(shì)，對(duì)全球城市復(fù)蘇的特征作出新觀察。我們完善了數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源和技術(shù)分析方法，以數(shù)字化方式直觀呈現(xiàn)、深入探討全球創(chuàng)新、生產(chǎn)與服務(wù)、聯(lián)通設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征與趨勢(shì)。百年變局和世紀(jì)疫情相互交織影響下，今年全球城市復(fù)蘇態(tài)勢(shì)冷暖有別，美洲提升、歐洲下降、東亞持平，全球城市格局正在發(fā)生重大調(diào)整。隨著全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈多元化、近岸化重構(gòu)，新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革加速演進(jìn)，全球城市秩序重構(gòu)的趨勢(shì)初露端倪。In2022,COVID-19continuestorage.Meanwhile,theRussia-Ukraineconflicthasledtoconsequencesworldwide,withintensifyingenergycrisisandglobalizationcrisiscominginwaves.Theexternalshockshaveresultedindisruptionsofglobaltransportationconnectivityandfragmentationinsupplychains.Governmentsaroundtheworldareincreasingtheirdomesticinvestmentstosafeguarddevelopmentsecurityandresilience.Facedwithuncertainchallengesandopportunities,globalcitiesaregoingthrough

turmoil.Againstthebackdropofgrowingrisksfromtheconfrontationofopposingcampsinglobalgovernanceandtherisingtradebarriers,theconceptofinclusiveglobalizationadvocatedbytheBeltandRoadInitiativeisawarmcurrentamidthecoldwaveofglobalization,injectingnewmomentumintoglobalizationprocess.Inclusiveglobalizationadvocatesmoreequitabledevelopment,withtheaimtofacilitateemergingcountriestoembedthemselvesintothenetworkofglobalcitiesthroughvariouspathsandcreateadiverseandsymbioticrainforestofglobal

cities.Thisyear,wehavecontinuedtooptimizeandimprovetheindexsystemandalgorithmofglobaldynamiccitiesandBeltandRoadpotentialcities,withnewobservationonthefeaturesofglobalcitiesrecoveryandconsiderationofthetrendofindustrialevolutionandintensifiedtechnologicalcompetition.Wehaveimprovedthedatasourcesandtechnicalanalysismethodstodigitizeanddelveintothefeaturesandtrendsofglobalinnovationnetwork,productionandservicenetwork,andconnectivityfacility

network.Undertheinfluenceofprofoundchangesunseeninacenturyintertwinedwiththeonce-in-a-centurypandemic,therecoveryofglobalcitiesremainsuneven,withgrowthintheAmericas,recessioninEuropeandstagnationinEastAsia,leadingtosignificantadjustmentstothelandscapeofglobalcities.Withthediversificationandnearshoringofglobalsupplychains,a

newwaveoftechnologicalrevolutionandindustrialevolutionispickingupspeed,thusgivingshapetothereshufflingofglobalcities

order.目錄

CONTENTS全球城市的動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)全球活力城市“一帶一路”潛力城市城市觀察TURMOIL

AND

REALIGNMENT

OF

GLOBAL

CITIESGLOBALDYNAMIC

CITIESBELT

AND

ROAD

POTENTIAL

CITIESOBSERVATIONONGLOBAL

CITIES123page

04附錄

1：2022

年全球活力城市指數(shù)排名APPENDIX

1:

2022

RANKING

OF

GLOBAL

DYNAMIC

CITIES

INDEXpage

32附錄

2：2022

年“一帶一路”潛力城市指數(shù)排名APPENDIX

2:

2022

RANKING

OF

INDEX

FOR

BELT

AND

ROAD

POTENTIAL

CITIESpage

34附錄

3：城市列表APPENDIX

3:

LIST

OF

CITIESpage

36page

05page

19page

244全球城市的動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)TURMOILAND

REALIGNMENT全球化危機(jī)一波未平，一波又起CRISISOFGLOBALIZATIONCOMINGIN

WAVES新冠肺炎病毒變異不斷、持續(xù)肆虐。聯(lián)合國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)顯示超過(guò)

90%

的確診病例來(lái)自城市地區(qū)，人口集中的城市是新冠肺炎疫情的震中。猴痘病毒洶洶來(lái)襲，世界衛(wèi)生組織再度發(fā)布“全球最高級(jí)別公共衛(wèi)生警報(bào)”，全球城市公共衛(wèi)生安全面臨不斷的威脅與挑戰(zhàn)。俄烏沖突對(duì)全球能源、糧食、礦產(chǎn)供應(yīng)鏈的沖擊不斷顯現(xiàn)，國(guó)際貨幣基金組織（IMF）預(yù)測(cè)

2022

年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增速顯著放緩，美國(guó)和歐洲部分經(jīng)濟(jì)體的通脹已達(dá)

40

年來(lái)的最高水平。地緣政治緊張、極端天氣頻發(fā)、全球經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等紛繁復(fù)雜的挑戰(zhàn)相互交織，進(jìn)一步加劇了全球城市復(fù)蘇的不確定性。COVID-19mutationsandvariantscontinuetowreakhavoc.AccordingtotheUN,urbanareaswithhighpopulationdensityareepicentersoftheCOVID-19pandemic,accountingformorethan90%ofreportedcases.Withtheonslaughtofmonkeypox,theWHOissuedthehighestlevelofalertforPublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcern.Publichealthandsafetyinglobalcitiesareunderconstantthreatandchallenge.TheimpactofRussia-Ukraineconflictontheglobalsupplychainsofenergy,foodandmineralscontinuestoemerge.TheIMFprojectedslowerglobaleconomicrecoveryin2022.InflationintheUSandsomeEuropeaneconomieshashitthehighestlevelin40years.Geopoliticaltensions,frequentextremeweatherevents,globaleconomicrisksandothercomplexchallengesareintertwined,furtherexacerbatingtheuncertaintyintherecoveryofglobal

cities.全球城市動(dòng)蕩變革與秩序重構(gòu)TRANSFORMATIONAMIDTURMOILANDREALIGNMENTOF

ORDER全球交通聯(lián)系動(dòng)蕩。新冠肺炎疫情下各國(guó)管制措施松緊有別，全球航空客運(yùn)尚未完全恢復(fù)。地緣沖突不斷升級(jí)導(dǎo)致國(guó)際陸路交通受阻、關(guān)鍵海上通道中斷，全球貨運(yùn)動(dòng)蕩起伏進(jìn)一步加劇。此外，“北溪”天然氣管道受損、海底光纜故障等重大國(guó)際事件，也接連對(duì)全球城市物流、信息流網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來(lái)擾動(dòng)。全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈重塑。頻頻爆發(fā)的“黑天鵝”事件加速了全球供應(yīng)鏈重塑的步伐，主要國(guó)家地區(qū)出于安全考慮推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈多元化、近岸Globaltransportationconnectivityisdisrupted.Duringthepandemic,differentcountrieshaveintroducedvaryingrestrictionsandtheglobalairpassengertraffichasnotyetfullyrecovered.Escalatinggeopoliticalconflictshaveledtodisruptionsininternationallandtransportationaswellasimportantsealanes.Besides,majorinternationalevents,suchastheNordStreamgaspipelinedamageandsubmarinecablefailures,havealsodisturbedthenetworksofglobalurbanlogisticsandinformation

flow.Globalsupplychainsarebeingreshaped.Thefrequentoutbreakofblackswaneventshasacceleratedtherealignmentpaceofglobalsupplychain.Majorcountriesandregionsareseekingtodiversify,nearshoreandfriend-shoretheirsupplychainsforsecurityreasonstoreducethe

dependenceinkeyareassuchassemiconductors,newenergybatteries,keymineralsandmedicalsuppliesonasingleforeignsupplier.Asaresult,theindustriallandscape

of

global

cities

is

undergoing

profound

changes.Technologyraceandinnovationcompetitionaregrowing.Inthecontextofthefourthindustrialrevolution,thepaceofdigitalizationandgreentransformationofindustrieshasaccelerated,andinnovationhasbecomeakeyvariableinreshapingtheglobalandregionalcompetitivelandscape.Governmentshavereadjustedtheirpriorityareasofscienceandtechnology,andincreasedinvestmentinhomegrowncutting-edgetechnologyresearchandscientificinnovation.Theinnovationlandscapeofglobalcitiesis

enteringaperiodofrapidreadjustments.化、“友岸化”布局，降低半導(dǎo)體、新能源電池、關(guān)鍵礦物和醫(yī)藥用品等關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域?qū)ν鈬?guó)單一供應(yīng)商的依賴，全球城市產(chǎn)業(yè)格局正在發(fā)生深刻變革。技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨劇烈。在第四次工業(yè)革命浪潮背景下，產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)字化綠色化轉(zhuǎn)型步伐加快，創(chuàng)新成為重塑全球和區(qū)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局的關(guān)鍵變量。各國(guó)政府紛紛重新調(diào)整科技重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域布局，加大本土尖端技術(shù)研究和科技創(chuàng)新投資，全球城市創(chuàng)新格局正在進(jìn)入快速調(diào)整變化的時(shí)期。全球活力城市GLOBALDYNAMIC

CITIES總體格局：全球城市復(fù)蘇冷暖有別GENERAL

LANDSCAPE:

UNEVEN

RECOVERY

OF

GLOBAL

CITIES今年，東京、上海、北京繼續(xù)穩(wěn)居全球前三位，但在全球范圍內(nèi)，各區(qū)域城市的復(fù)蘇勢(shì)頭強(qiáng)弱不均，排名總體呈現(xiàn)美洲提升、歐洲下降、東亞持平的差異化特征。在美洲板塊，由于創(chuàng)新能力進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)、國(guó)際客運(yùn)航班快速恢復(fù)，芝加哥、亞特蘭大等城市排名提升，其中亞特蘭大憑借繁忙的全球航班聯(lián)系首次進(jìn)入全球前

20

位。波哥大、圣地亞哥等南美首都城市積極嵌入全球生產(chǎn)與服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，發(fā)展活力提升。在歐洲板塊，受一系列國(guó)際事件的影響，倫敦、巴黎、鹿特丹等交通樞紐型城市受到較大Thisyear,Tokyo,ShanghaiandBeijingcontinuetomaintaintheirtop3positionsglobally,buttherecoveryofglobalcitiesremainsuneven.ThecitiesintheAmericasriseintherankings,whereasEuropeancitiesfallandEastAsiancitiesholdthe

line.FortheAmericas,ChicagoandAtlantawitnessimprovedrankingsduetofurtherstrengthenedinnovationandrapidrecoveryofinternationalpassengerflights,withAtlantaenteringtheglobaltop20forthefirsttimewithitsbusyglobalflightroutes.CapitalcitiesinSouthAmericaincludingBogotaandSantiagoareactivelyseekingtoembedthemselvesintotheglobalproductionandservicenetworkandthusaregainingmomentumindevelopment.InEurope,transporthubssuchasLondon,ParisandRotterdamhavebeenhitharderbya

seriesofinternationalevents.InEastAsia,Tokyo,ShanghaiandBeijingcontinueto

rankhigh,動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)：2022

年“一帶一路”倡議下的全球城市報(bào)告TURMOIL

AND

REALIGNMENT:

THE

ANNUAL

REPORT

2022

ON

GLOBAL

CITIES

IN

THE

VISION

OF

THE

BELT

AND

ROADINITIATIVE0405圖

2-1

全球活力城市指數(shù)排名及得分（前20

位）Figure2-1RANKANDSCOREOFGLOBALDYNAMICCITIESINDEX(TOP

20)全Glo球b創(chuàng)al新In網(wǎng)no絡(luò)vation

Network00.51.5全Glo球b聯(lián)al通Fa設(shè)cil施ity網(wǎng)C絡(luò)onnectivity

Network21全Glo球b生al產(chǎn)Pr與od服uc務(wù)ti網(wǎng)on絡(luò)and

Service

Network圖

2-2

全球活力城市排名變化情況Figure2-2CHANGEINTHERANKINGSOFGLOBALDYNAMIC

CITIES圖

2-3

全球活力城市聚落分布Figure2-3DISTRIBUTIONOFGLOBALDYNAMICCITY

CLUSTERS1

基于全球活力城市地理分布與全球活力城市指數(shù)，融合

DBscan

算法與3I模型，識(shí)別全球活力城市的聚落體系。 Basedonthegeographicaldistributionofglobaldynamic

cities

and

Global

Dynamic

Cities

Index,DBSCAN

algorithm

and3Imodel

are

integrated

to

identify

the

cluster

system

ofglobal

dynamic

cities.沖擊。在東亞板塊，東京、上海、北京等城市持續(xù)位居前列，整體表現(xiàn)較為穩(wěn)定，深圳憑借創(chuàng)新及先進(jìn)制造優(yōu)勢(shì)穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，全球領(lǐng)先的活力城市呈現(xiàn)區(qū)域性集聚的特征，由一個(gè)或多個(gè)極點(diǎn)城市聯(lián)動(dòng)區(qū)域形成全球活力城市聚落

1，它們?cè)谌虺鞘邪l(fā)展中扮演著引領(lǐng)性角色。東亞地區(qū)引領(lǐng)世界級(jí)活力城市聚落，中國(guó)、日本

3

大城市聚落進(jìn)入全球前

5。多極組合型城市聚落如粵港澳大灣區(qū)、歐洲北部城市群、達(dá)拉斯

-

休斯敦等，將成為未來(lái)城市群協(xié)同發(fā)展與潛力釋放的新形態(tài)。跨境型城市聚落如溫哥華

-

西雅圖、歐洲北部城市群、粵港澳大灣區(qū)等，將成為未來(lái)跨制度、跨文化協(xié)作的重要載體。withstableoverallperformance.Shenzhenmakessteadyprogressbybuildinguponitsadvantagesininnovationandadvancedmanufacturing.Wefindthattheleadingglobaldynamiccitiesarecharacterizedbyregionalclustering.Thatis,oneorseveralcorecitiesaredrivingthegrowthoftheentireregiontogeneratea

clusterofglobaldynamiccities,whichplaysaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofglobalcities.EastAsiaisleadingtheworldinthedevelopmentofglobaldynamiccityclusters1,withthreemajorcityclustersinChinaandJapanenteringtheglobaltop5.Thecityclusterswithseveralcorecities,suchasGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,NorthernEuropeancityclusterandDallas-Houstoncluster,willbecomethenewparadigmoffuturecityclusterstocoordinatedevelopmentandunleashpotential.Cross-bordercityclusterssuchasVancouver-Seattlecluster,NorthernEuropeancityclusterandGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,willbecomethemajorplatformsforcollaborationacross,institutionsand

cultures.GLOBALINNOVATIONNETWORK:POLARITYAND

UBIQUITY全球創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)：創(chuàng)新極化與泛在并存

2OF

INNOVATION2全球創(chuàng)新城市格局高度極化，東京、舊金山、北京、倫敦、圣迭戈、劍橋等極少數(shù)城市在全球創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，是全球創(chuàng)新“塔尖”。此外，創(chuàng)新優(yōu)勢(shì)城市在日本東京灣、舊金山灣區(qū)、Thelandscapeofglobalinnovationcitiesishighlypolarized.AveryfewcitiessuchasTokyo,SanFrancisco,Beijing,London,SanDiego,andCambridgedominatetheglobalinnovationnetworkasthepinnaclesofglobalinnovation.Inaddition,citieswithadvantagesininnovationareconcentratedinTokyoBayofJapan,SanFranciscoBay

Area,2智慧芽創(chuàng)新研究中心作為全球“技術(shù)前沿”網(wǎng)絡(luò)部分研究支持方。 PatsnapInnovationResearchCenterisa

researchpartner,providingsupportforthesectiononGlobalTechnologyFrontier

Network.東京

Tokyo上海

Shanghai北京

Beijing新加坡

Singapore倫敦

London

紐約

New

York深圳

Shenzhen首爾

Seoul舊金山

San

Francisco香港

Hong

Kong洛杉磯

Los

Angeles芝加哥

Chicago廣州

Guangzhou迪拜

Dubai巴黎

Paris阿姆斯特丹

Amsterdam亞特蘭大

Atlanta哥本哈根

Copenhagen華盛頓

Washington波士頓

Boston排名提升排名小幅提升排名不變排名小幅下降排名下降生產(chǎn)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)通設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)城市聚落

TOP5

全球城市聚落多極組合型城市聚落創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)：2022

年“一帶一路”倡議下的全球城市報(bào)告TURMOIL

AND

REALIGNMENT:

THE

ANNUAL

REPORT

2022

ON

GLOBAL

CITIES

IN

THE

VISION

OF

THE

BELT

AND

ROADINITIATIVE0607圖

2-4

全球創(chuàng)新城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)格局Figure2-4LANDSCAPEOFGLOBALINNOVATION

NETWORK圖

2-5

全球創(chuàng)新城市聚落分布Figure2-5DISTRIBUTIONOFGLOBALINNOVATIONCITY

CLUSTERSmarketsanddevelopingcountries,suchasNewDelhiandKualaLumpur,havebecomenewplayersintheglobalinnovationnetworkthankstotheiradvantagesinindustriesandmarkets.Theyarespreadingglobalinnovationresourcesandfactorsacrossa

broaderrangeofplaces.Asaresult,thelandscapeofglobalinnovationfeaturesbothpolarityand

ubiquity.Inthecontextoftechnologicaldecoupling,therankingsofresearch-drivencitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates,includingLondonandCambridge,haverisensignificantly,whileHangzhouandTaipei,whichbearthebruntofthetechnologyrivalry,fallthisyearduetorelativelyweakR&D

capabilities.New

Observation

on

Global

Innovation

Frontier

NetworkAtpresent,theworldisusheringinthesixthwaveofinnovationmarkedbyartificialintelligenceandtheInternetofThings.Thecompetitionamongcountriesaroundscienceandtechnologyismoreintensethanever.Thefrontierscienceandtechnologyareplayinganincreasinglyprominentroleinchangingthedynamicsofnationalpowers.Thisyear,basedonourobservationonthetrendsandguidingpolicieshomeandabroad,wehaveidentifiedninesciencefrontierssuchasartificialintelligence,brainscienceandquantuminformation,seventechnologyfrontiers3suchasnewmaterialsandnewenergyvehiclesandseveralindustryfrontierssuchasunicornsandrepresentativeinnovationenterprises.Wepayspecialattentiontotheperformanceofglobalcitiesin

terms

of

innovationin

science,technology

and

industry

frontiers.ScientificInnovationFrontier:EuropeanandAmericancitiesareleadingglobaltheoreticalinnovationandAsiancitiesarerapidlyontheriseUniversitiesandresearchinstitutesarethemainstayofthesciencefrontier,whoproduceoriginalanddisruptivecoretechnologiesorideasthroughbasicresearch.ThecoreplayersinthisareaincludeBeijing,LondonandCambridge.DespitetherapidriseofAsiancitiessuchasBeijing,EuropeanandAmericancitiesremaindominantinglobalresearchactivities.Asforthesciencefrontiernetwork,theconnectionswithinEuropeandbetweenEuropeandeasternUScitiesarerelativelyclose,whileChinesecitieshavestronginternaltiesbutinsufficientinternational

cooperation.經(jīng)濟(jì)體城市也憑借產(chǎn)業(yè)化和市場(chǎng)化優(yōu)勢(shì)，成為全球創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的新力量，推動(dòng)全球創(chuàng)新資源要素向更廣闊的區(qū)域擴(kuò)散，呈現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新極化與泛在并存的圖景。“技術(shù)脫鉤”背景下，倫敦、劍橋等歐美基礎(chǔ)科研型城市排名顯著上升，而杭州、臺(tái)北等由于基礎(chǔ)研發(fā)能力相對(duì)不足，今年排名有所下降，處于科技博弈動(dòng)蕩的前沿。全球創(chuàng)新前沿網(wǎng)絡(luò)特別觀察當(dāng)前，全球進(jìn)入到以人工智能和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等為標(biāo)志的第六波創(chuàng)新浪潮，各國(guó)圍繞科學(xué)技術(shù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)空前激烈，前沿科技領(lǐng)域在改變國(guó)家力量對(duì)比方面的決定性作用愈加凸顯。今年，我們結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外趨勢(shì)與政策導(dǎo)向，識(shí)別了人工智能、腦科學(xué)、量子信息等九大科學(xué)前沿，新材料、新能源汽車等七大技術(shù)前沿

3

及以獨(dú)角獸、代表性科技創(chuàng)新企業(yè)為代表的產(chǎn)業(yè)前沿作為特別觀察領(lǐng)域，探討全球城市在科學(xué)前沿、技術(shù)前沿、產(chǎn)業(yè)前沿三個(gè)創(chuàng)新環(huán)節(jié)的表現(xiàn)?？茖W(xué)創(chuàng)新前沿：歐美城市引領(lǐng)全球理論創(chuàng)新，亞洲城市快速崛起科學(xué)前沿以高校、科研院所等力量為主體，通過(guò)基礎(chǔ)研究產(chǎn)出原創(chuàng)性、顛覆性的核心技術(shù)或理念。該環(huán)節(jié)以北京、倫敦、劍橋?yàn)楹诵?，盡管以北京為代表的亞洲城市快速崛起，歐美城市仍然占據(jù)全球科學(xué)研究的主導(dǎo)地位?？茖W(xué)前沿網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面，歐洲內(nèi)部、歐洲與美國(guó)東部城市的聯(lián)系相對(duì)密切，中國(guó)城市內(nèi)部合作緊密但國(guó)際合作相對(duì)不足。美國(guó)東北部、粵港澳大灣區(qū)、京津冀、歐洲北部及英倫地區(qū)集聚形成全球創(chuàng)新聚落，成為推動(dòng)全球創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的重要載體。隨著全球科技創(chuàng)新進(jìn)入多點(diǎn)突破、群體迸發(fā)的新階段，新德里、吉隆坡等部分新興市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展中northeasternUnitedStates,Guangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,NorthernEuropeandtheUKtoformglobalinnovationclusters,servingastheimportantvenuesforthedevelopmentofglobal

innovation.Asbreakthroughsareachievedinvariousareasofinnovationinscienceandtechnologybymultipleplayersworldwide,citiesin

emerging3

九大科學(xué)前沿領(lǐng)域分別為人工智能、腦科學(xué)、量子信息、半導(dǎo)體、醫(yī)學(xué)健康、生物技術(shù)、新材料、新能源、太空；七大技術(shù)前沿領(lǐng)域分別為人工智能、通信、半導(dǎo)體、新材料、生物醫(yī)藥、新能源汽車、新能源。

The

nine

science

frontiers

are

artificial

intelligence,

brain

science,

quantum

information,

semiconductors,

healthcare,biotechnology,newmaterials,newenergy,andspace.Theseventechnologyfrontiersareartificialintelligence,communications,semiconductors,newmaterials,biomedicine,newenergyvehicles,andnew

energy.科學(xué)前沿技術(shù)前沿

產(chǎn)業(yè)前沿科學(xué)前沿技術(shù)前沿產(chǎn)業(yè)前沿科學(xué)前沿價(jià)值技術(shù)前沿

價(jià)值產(chǎn)業(yè)前沿價(jià)值（聯(lián)線系）

（城點(diǎn)市）動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)：2022

年“一帶一路”倡議下的全球城市報(bào)告TURMOIL

AND

REALIGNMENT:

THE

ANNUAL

REPORT

2022

ON

GLOBAL

CITIES

IN

THE

VISION

OF

THE

BELT

AND

ROADINITIATIVE0809技術(shù)創(chuàng)新前沿：以東京領(lǐng)銜的東亞城市創(chuàng)新活躍技術(shù)前沿多以研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室等力量為主體，主要表現(xiàn)為以專利產(chǎn)出等為載體的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。當(dāng)前全球處于技術(shù)爆發(fā)階段，東亞城市在

PCT專利申請(qǐng)和授權(quán)方面展現(xiàn)出特別優(yōu)勢(shì)，日本有

5

座城市進(jìn)入全球前

20

位，占據(jù)全球技術(shù)創(chuàng)新高地，首爾、北京、深圳、上海、新加坡等城市持續(xù)強(qiáng)化技術(shù)沉淀，均進(jìn)入第一梯隊(duì)。TechnologicalInnovationFrontier:EastAsianCitiesledbyTokyoarevibrantin

innovationR&Dinstitutesandlaboratoriesarethemainstayofthetechnologyfrontier,whosetechnologicalinnovationsaremainlyintheformofpatent.Currently,theworldisonthecuspoftechnologyexplosion.EastAsiancitieshaveadvantagesinPCTpatentapplicationandlicensing.FiveJapanesecitieshaveenteredtheglobaltop20,representingthestrongholdsforglobaltechnologicalinnovation.Duetocontinuousimprovementintechnologicalcapabilities,Seoul,Beijing,Shenzhen,ShanghaiandSingaporebecomethetop-tiercitiesinthe

area.圖

2-6

全球科學(xué)創(chuàng)新前沿網(wǎng)絡(luò)格局Figure2-6LANDSCAPEOFGLOBALSCIENTIFICINNOVATIONFRONTIER

NETWORK圖

2-7

全球技術(shù)創(chuàng)新前沿城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)Figure2-7GLOBALTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONFRONTIER

NETWORKRanking排名表

2-1

科學(xué)創(chuàng)新前沿

TOP20

城市 Table2-1

TOP

20

CITES

IN

SCIENTIFICINNOVATIONFRONTIER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20City城市北京Beijing倫敦London劍橋Cambridge巴黎Paris首爾Seoul上海Shanghai紐約New

York牛津Oxford東京Tokyo波士頓Boston羅馬Rome香港Hong

Kong蘇黎世Zurich馬德里Madrid西雅圖Seattle米蘭Milan芝加哥Chicago莫斯科Moscow華盛頓Washington斯德哥爾摩StockholmRanking排名表

2-2

技術(shù)創(chuàng)新前沿

TOP20

城市 Table2-2

TOP

20

CITES

INTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATION

FRONTIER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20City城市東京Tokyo大阪Osaka圣迭戈San

Diego劍橋Cambridge首爾Seoul北京Beijing埃因霍溫Eindhoven深圳Shenzhen紐約New

York舊金山San

Francisco倫敦London筑波Tsukuba橫濱Yokohama千葉Chiba圣何塞San

Jose巴黎Paris上海Shanghai牛津Oxford柏林Berlin新加坡Singapore產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新前沿：舊金山引領(lǐng)全球產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新，新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體城市涌現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)前沿主要以全球代表性科技創(chuàng)新企業(yè)、獨(dú)角獸企業(yè)為主導(dǎo)，進(jìn)行技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)與產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。該環(huán)節(jié)以舊金山、西雅圖、倫敦為核心。由于擁有大量的數(shù)據(jù)、大規(guī)模的計(jì)算和應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，中美產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新活力充足，其中，美國(guó)在前五位城市中占據(jù)四城，中國(guó)城市上海、北京、杭州、深圳位列

8-11IndustrialInnovationFrontier:SanFranciscoisleadingglobalindustrial

innovation

and

cities

of

emerging

economies

are

on

the

riseTheindustrialfrontierisledbyinnovativetechnologycompaniesandunicornswhopromotethedevelopmentoftechnologyandindustry.SanFrancisco,SeattleandLondonarethecoreplayersinthisarea.Witha

largeamountofdataandusecasesforcomputingandapplicationscenarios,ChineseandAmericancitiesarevibrantinindustrialinnovation.FourofthetopfivespotsbelongtothecitiesintheUS,whileShanghai,Beijing,HangzhouandShenzhenareranked8thto11th.Inaddition,citiesofemergingeconomiesareontherise.For

instance,

科學(xué)前沿技術(shù)前沿動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)：2022

年“一帶一路”倡議下的全球城市報(bào)告TURMOIL

AND

REALIGNMENT:

THE

ANNUAL

REPORT

2022

ON

GLOBAL

CITIES

IN

THE

VISION

OF

THE

BELT

AND

ROADINITIATIVE1011位。此外，新興市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體城市涌現(xiàn)，如雅加達(dá)憑借廣闊消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)和活躍創(chuàng)業(yè)生態(tài)，2021

年以來(lái)新增

5

家獨(dú)角獸企業(yè)。半導(dǎo)體是數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的基石，高度依賴全球產(chǎn)業(yè)分工協(xié)作。中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)以來(lái)，歐美韓等國(guó)紛紛加大芯片產(chǎn)業(yè)投資以提升供應(yīng)鏈安全，《2022

年芯片和科學(xué)法案》的簽署更進(jìn)一步加劇了半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)的逆全球化危機(jī)?；谌笄把胤治?，半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新中心以舊金山灣區(qū)（圣克拉拉、圣何塞等）、東京都市圈（東京、筑波、橫濱等）、歐洲（劍橋、埃因霍溫等）以及中國(guó)臺(tái)灣（新竹）圖

2-9

全球半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域前沿網(wǎng)絡(luò)格局Figure2-9LANDSCAPEOFGLOBALSEMICONDUCTORFRONTIER

NETWORKfivenewunicornshavebeenestablishedinJakartasince2021.Thecityisknownforitsvastconsumermarketanddynamicentrepreneurialecosystem.Semiconductorsarethecornerstoneofdigitaleconomyandhighlydependentonglobaldivisionoflabor.SincethestartoftheUS-Chinatradewar,theUS,EuropeandSouthKoreahaveallincreasedinvestmentinthechipindustrytoenhancesupplychainsecurity.ThesigningoftheCHIPSandScienceActof2022hasfurtherexacerbatedthecrisisofdeglobalizationinthesemiconductorindustry.Accordingtotheanalysisoftheabovethreefrontiers,theinnovationcentersinthesemiconductorindustryaremainlylocatedintheSanFranciscoBayArea(SantaClaraandSanJose),theGreaterTokyoArea(Tokyo,TsukubaandYokohama),Europe(CambridgeandEindhoven)

and圖

2-8

全球產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新前沿網(wǎng)絡(luò)格局Figure2-8LANDSCAPEOFGLOBALINDUSTRIALINNOVATIONFRONTIER

NETWORK排名表

2-3

產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新前沿

TOP20

城市 Table2-3

TOP

20

CITES

IN

INDUSTRIALINNOVATIONFRONTIER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Ranking

City城市舊金山San

Francisco西雅圖Seattle倫敦London圣何塞San

Jose紐約New

York首爾Seoul東京Tokyo上海Shanghai北京Beijing杭州Hangzhou深圳Shenzhen菲尼克斯Phoenix班加羅爾Bangalore新加坡Singapore洛杉磯Los

Angeles波士頓Boston柏林Berlin巴黎Paris圣保羅S?o

Paulo奧斯汀Austin全球生產(chǎn)與服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)：生產(chǎn)更分散、服務(wù)更集聚GLOBALPRODUCTIONANDSERVICENETWORK:DECENTRALIZEDPRODUCTIONANDCENTRALIZED

SERVICE在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)變革背景下，北美、西歐及北歐、東亞上榜全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)前百?gòu)?qiáng)城市減少，上榜全球服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)前百?gòu)?qiáng)城市增多，呈現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)更分散、服務(wù)更集聚的空間特征。在前

20

位城市中，北京、東京仍舊穩(wěn)居前兩位，新加坡、臺(tái)北、深圳、巴黎等在戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)或制造智能化中有突出表現(xiàn)的城市排名穩(wěn)固或提升。此外，隨著全球新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入繁榮期，部分戰(zhàn)略資源型城市迎來(lái)新機(jī)遇，如智利首都圣地亞哥，集聚了引領(lǐng)全球鋰電池技術(shù)發(fā)展方向的大型企業(yè)，發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?。Inthecontextofglobalindustrialtransformation,thenumberofcitiesinNorthAmerica,

Western

Europe,

Northern

Europe,

and

East

Asia

that

enterthe

top

100

list

of

the

global

productionnetwork

have

increased.

Meanwhile,theproductionnetworkismoredecentralizedwhereastheservicenetworkbecomesmorecentralized.Amongthetop20cities,BeijingandTokyoremaininthetoppositions,whileSingapore,Taipei,Shenzhen,Parisandothercitieswithoutstandingperformanceinstrategicemergingindustriesorintelligentmanufacturinghavemaintainedorimprovedtheirrankings.Inaddition,astheglobalnewenergyindustryentersaboomingperiod,citieswithabundantstrategicresourcesareembracingnewopportunities.Forinstance,Santiago,thecapitalofChile,withnumerouslargeenterprisesthatleadtheglobaldevelopmentoflithiumbatterytechnology,enjoysgreatdevelopment

potential.為主，中國(guó)城市如北京、上海、武漢、香港等在基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域有一定基礎(chǔ)，但技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面仍有巨大差距。隨著科研封閉趨勢(shì)持續(xù)醞釀和傳播，全球化的創(chuàng)新體系面臨解體，全球創(chuàng)新生態(tài)面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn)。TaiwanofChina(Hsinchu).ChinesecitiessuchasBeijing,Shanghai,WuhanandHongKonghavemadeprogressinbasicresearch,yettheystilllagfarbehindintermsoftechnologyandindustrialization.Asthetrendofdeglobalizationinscientificresearchisbrewingworldwide,theglobalizedinnovationsystemhasbeenstretchedtothebreakingpointandtheglobalinnovationecosystemisfacinggreat

challenges.產(chǎn)業(yè)前沿

科學(xué)前沿

技術(shù)前沿產(chǎn)業(yè)前沿動(dòng)蕩與重構(gòu)：2022

年“一帶一路”倡議下的全球城市報(bào)告TURMOIL

AND

REALIGNMENT:

THE

ANNUAL

REPORT

2022

ON

GLOBAL

CITIES

IN

THE

VISION

OF

THE

BELT

AND

ROADINITIATIVE1213圖

2-10全球傳統(tǒng)汽車及新能源汽車制造代表性企業(yè)布局4Figure2-10DISTRIBUTIONOFREPRESENTATIVECONVENTIONALANDNEWENERGYVEHICLE

MANUFACTURERS44

選取梅賽德斯奔馳、福特、本田、特斯拉、比亞迪為樣本企業(yè)，數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源企業(yè)官網(wǎng)，僅識(shí)別工廠、研發(fā)職能所在地。 Mercedes-Benz,FordMotor,HondaMotor,Tesla

andBYDare

selected

as

sample

companies,

with

data

sourced

from

their

official

websites,

identifying

only

the

locationsof

factories

and

R&D

functions.生產(chǎn)分散化：北美、西歐及北歐、東亞三大板塊周邊成為新增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)在全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)維度，產(chǎn)業(yè)方向變革帶動(dòng)生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢(shì)城市陣型的變化。以汽車制造業(yè)為例，隨著新能源汽車需求爆發(fā)，全球汽車制造中心從底特律、DecentralizedProduction:NorthAmerica,WesternandNorthernEurope,

and

East

Asia

as

New

Sources

of

GrowthIntheglobalproductionnetwork,thetrendofindustrialtransformationhaschangedthematrixofcitieswithadvantagesinproduction.Takingautomotivemanufacturingasanexample,withexplosivedemandsfornewenergyvehicles,theglobalautomotivemanufacturing

centers排名表

2-4

全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

TOP20

城市 Table

2-4

TOP

20

CITES

IN

GLOBAL

PRODUCTION

NETWORK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Ranking

City城市北京Beijing東京Tokyo首爾Seoul上海Shanghai臺(tái)北Taipei新加坡Singapore香港Hong

Kong深圳Shenzhen廣州Guangzhou迪拜Dubai倫敦London哥本哈根Copenhagen里加Riga巴塞羅那Barcelona孟買Mumbai舊金山San

Francisco波哥大Bogotá武漢Wuhan鹿特丹Rotterdam圣地亞哥（智利）Santiago

(Chile)科隆、柏林、東京，走向引領(lǐng)全球生產(chǎn)方式革新的舊金山、上海、深圳。同時(shí)，由于全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈格局調(diào)整重塑，生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢(shì)城市分布趨于分散，北美、西歐及北歐、東亞上榜前百?gòu)?qiáng)城市數(shù)量占比從2021

年的56%

下降至50%，相應(yīng)中美、東歐及南歐等周邊區(qū)域上榜城市數(shù)量增加。服務(wù)集聚化：北美、西歐及北歐、東亞三大板塊城市占比更加提升在全球服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)維度，服務(wù)優(yōu)勢(shì)城市分布趨于集聚，北美、西歐及北歐、東亞上榜前百?gòu)?qiáng)城市數(shù)量占比從

2021

年的

50%

上升至

54%。在服務(wù)業(yè)數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化趨勢(shì)下，紐約、倫敦穩(wěn)居前列，都柏林、伊斯坦布爾等邊緣門戶城市崛起。由于國(guó)際金融及專業(yè)服務(wù)業(yè)格局調(diào)整，東歐、南歐地區(qū)的保加利亞、羅馬尼亞、烏克蘭、克羅地亞、塞爾維亞等新興市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體城市排名相對(duì)下降。haveshiftedfromDetroit,Cologne,Be