北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2020-2021上學(xué)期期末練習(xí)高三英語(yǔ)試題(無(wú)答案)

豐臺(tái)區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)試題第豐臺(tái)區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)試題第#頁(yè)共11頁(yè)豐臺(tái)區(qū)2020?2021學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末練習(xí)高三英語(yǔ)筆試2021.01考生須知.答題前，考生務(wù)必先將答題卡上的學(xué)校、年級(jí)、班級(jí)、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚，并認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名，在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區(qū)”貼好條形碼。.本次考試所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項(xiàng)。非選擇題必須使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)黑色字跡簽字筆書(shū)寫，要求字體工整、字跡清楚。.請(qǐng)嚴(yán)格按照答題卡上題號(hào)在相應(yīng)答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫的答案無(wú)效，在試卷、草稿紙上答題無(wú)效。.本試卷滿分共100分，作答時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。HelpingPawsCraigCookhasaveryspecialservicepartner—atwenty-five-year-oldfemalecapuchinmonkeynamedMinnie.In2012,whenhewasthirtyyearsold,Craigwasinacar1thatlefthimaquadriplegic,someonewhosearmsandlegsdon'tworkproperly.Forseveralyears,Craigneededhelpfromotherpeopleforsuchbasicneeds2gettingadrinkofwater.ThenMinniecametoCraigthroughtheHelpingHandsOrganization.MinniewasbornatSouthwick’sZooinNewYork.AspartofthespecialHelpingHandsprogram,whileshewasababy,shewasgiventoafoster（寄養(yǎng)）family3caredforherandhelpedherlearntolivewithpeople.Shelearnedbasic4suchasturningofflightsandfetchingoncommand.Next,Minnie5theHelpingHandsMonkeyCollegefortwoyears.Atthecollege,shelearnedtasksthatwouldhelpa（n）6person.Theseincludedtakingfoodoutofarefrigerator,turningpagesinabookoneatatime,andpickingupobjectsthathadbeendropped.Itisalong7process,butcapuchinmonkeyscanlivetobeforty-fiveyearsold.Sotheycanbe8toprovideserviceformanyyears.Craigsaid,“LivingwithMinnieislikelivingwithagoodfriend.Andsinceshe'sbeenwithme,Minnie'slearned9moreneatthingstodo,likemakingpopcorninthemicrowave(微波爐).ThankstoMinnie,Icanlive10withcaregiversonlycominginforashorttimeeachday.And,whenIgoout,insteadofbeingseenastheguyinthewheelchair,I'mnowtheguywiththemonkey.”1.A.accidentB.parkC.saleD.race2.A.upB.asC.forD.to3.A.whenB.whyC.whoD.what4.A.ideasB.skillsC.principlesD.rights5.A.returnedB.visitedC.supportedD.attended6.A.elderlyB.poorC.disabledD.lonely7.A.decision-makingB.trainingC.planningD.risk-taking8.A.basedonB.turnedonC.fedonD.countedon9.A.evenB.onceC.justD.yet10.A.happilyB.energeticallyC.independentlyD.safely第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ATheBritishmusthavereallyhighstandards.IwaspartofastudentexchangeprogrammebetweenauniversityinEnglandandmyuniversityinChina.Ihadspentdaysin11(prepare)formyfirstEnglishpaper.IknewIdidagoodjobandwaslookingforward12gettingapositivecomment.WhenIgotthepaperback,Ifoundthatmyteacher13(write)thecomment“Notbad!”Notbad?Butthereweren'tany14(mistake)inmypaper.BThecollegeentranceexaminationisjustaroundthecorner.Homeworkandtests

willkeepmanyofyouuplateatnight,andyoumayplantomakeupforyourlostsleepduringtheweekends.15isituseful?AstudypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologycompletelyhaschanged16peopleusedtothink.Itshowsthatthehabitofsleepinginonweekendsdoesn’tfixthedamagedonebyalackofsleepduringtheweek.Even17(bad),itmaydamageyourhealth.CTheInternationalDayofFamilies,which18(name)bytheUnitedNationsin1993,isheldonMay15theveryyear.Thedaycelebratesthe19(important)offamilies.Itaims20(develop)people'sunderstandingofissuesthatarerelatedtofamilies.Withadifferentthemeeachyear,thedayisobservedwithawiderangeofeventsthatareorganizedatlocal,nationalandinternationallevels.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADon’tyouthinkrobotsareapartofyourlife?Infactories,robotsputtogethereverythingfromtoystocars.Somehomeshaverobotsthatsweepfloorsormowthelawn(剪草坪).Andmorerobotsaresoontocome.LikeaHumanRobotsdon'texpectanythanksforalltheworktheydoforus.Afterall,theydon'thavefeelings.ButthatmaybechangingwithNexi,arobotcreatedbyscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Nexicanmoveitsfacetoshowanger,happiness,orsadness.Itcanalsoraiseitseyebrowstoshowsurprise.24Howwouldyoulikearobottohelpcleanupyourtoys,oronethatplayshide-and-seekwithyou?Naocanbeprogrammedtodoboththoseactivities,andmore.Atwo-foot-tallrobot,NaowasdesignedbyacompanyinFrancetobeahelperandcompanion.Itcantalk,walkandevenrememberfaces,voices,andplaces.Also,itcanbeprogrammedtoassistwithdailytasks,suchascheckinge-mails.

RobotsatWorkNeedaliftoutofbed?RIBA,shortfor“RobotforInteractiveBodyAssistance”，willlenditshelpfularms!Somepatientsathospitalsandnursinghomeshaveahardtimegettinginandoutofbed.RIBAcangentlyliftapatientoutofbedandhelphimorherintoawheelchair.Therobotcansafelypickupandcarrypeopleweighing135pounds.WaterBotsRobotsthatworkinwater-andlooklikefamiliarseacreatures—aremakingnewslately.Oneofthemisaroboticfish.Researchersbuilttherobo-fishtoswiminwatertodetectpollution.There'sevenaroboticpenguincalledtheAP,whichusesflippers（魚(yú)鰭）topaddleandcanmoveinalldirections.Expertspredictthatby2025wecouldhaverobotsineveryhousehold!Youmightbelivingorworkingwithoneofthemeveryday!Bymovingitsface,Neximightshowits .A.feelings B.power C.interest D.opinionsIfapatientneedsassistanceoutofbed,whichmaybeagoodhelper?A.Nexi. B.AP. C.Nao. D.RIBA.Accordingtothepassage,aroboticfishmightbeusedfor .A.discoveringfish B.pickinguprubbishC.studyingseacreatures D.findingoutpollutionWhichsubtitlecanbefilledintheblank?A.HouseholdHelpers B.ProgrammeDesignersC.HotelCleaners D.GamePlayersBThePartyofTheirLivesInLosAngeles’sinfamousSkidRow,therearehundredsofchildrenlivingonthestreetsorinshelters.It’saplacewheredreamsgotodie.Butonecoupleisdeterminedtousetheirownexperiencewithlosstofosterasenseofhope.In2013,MaryDavisandherhusbandlosttheirfirstunbornkid.Refusingtolettheheartbreakbreakthem,theybecamevolunteersinaSkidRowhomelessshelter.Theyfoundthatmanyofthekidstherehadneverhadasinglebirthdaypartybefore,sotheydecidedtothrowabirthdaypartyforthosehomelesskids.TheytookoveraroomintheUnionRescueMissionandfilleditwithstreamers,giftsandacake.Thekidsweresoexcitedthattheymadetheirownmusic—singingandclappingand,ofcourse,laughing.Sincethen,thecouplehavethrownapartyeachandeverymonth.Theyroutinelyattract250kidsandtheirparents.Anhourbeforeeachparty,volunteersarrivetosetupthedecorationsandactivities:facepainting,balloonartists,aDJ,cake,andpizza.Therearesmallpresentsforthekidscelebratingtheirbirthdays,buttheDavismakesuretherearemorethanenoughtogoaround.“Irememberamomcamewithherkid,”Marysays.“Itwastheirfirstnightattheshelter,andherchildhadabirthday.Wehadanextragiftforher—pinkheadphones.Thelittlegirlwassoexcited.Andhermom...she’scrying.‘Ineverimaginedwewouldeverneedtobeinashelter.Ididn’tknowwhattoexpect.ButIreallydidn’texpectabirthdaypartyformychild.’shecriedwithhappiness.”Doingherbesttonormalizethesekids’livesisbothheartwarmingandbittersweet,Marysays.“Ifyoulookoutside,youseehomelesspersonafterhomelesspersononthestreet,anditremindsyouthatthesekidsdon’tgettoleavethisareaaftertheparty.”Itmaybewhy,afterthrowing88parties,shestillcriesaftereachone.Shecreditsthekidsintheshelterwithhelpingherholdontohope.“Wedidn’trealizehowmuchjoytheyweregoingtobringus,”shetoldCBSNews.“Anditwassohealingforbothkidsandus.”InSkidRow,hundredsofkids .A.werehomeless B.losttheirparentsC.droppedoutofschool D.werecrazyaboutpartiesHowdidthecouplehelpthekids?Theyraisedmuchmoney.Theyrentedmanyhouses.Theyhostedbirthdayparties.Theymadebirthdaypresents.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribeMary?A.Honestandgenerous. B.Caringandgenerous.C.Outgoingandcaring. D.Outgoingandhonest.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?Wellbegun,halfdone.Eastorwest,homeisbest.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround.Wherethereislove,thereishope.CWildfireshaverecentlyruinedregionsacrosstheworld,andtheirseverityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang,achemistatRenminUniversityofChina,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivedevicetodetectsuchfiresearlierandwithlesseffort.Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffectiveresponse.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotherwarningscomefromroutinefootpatrols（巡邏隊(duì)）andwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspotsomething,but“thefirefirstappearsontheground,”Wangsays.“Whenyouseethefirefromthesky,itistoolate.”Theteamsaysitsnewdevicecanbeplacedneartreetrunks’basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisanunusualtemperatureincrease.Thekeyismolten$2加（熔鹽）liquids:asuddentemperaturechangecauseselectrons（電子）totravelwithintheliquids,creatingelectricalenergythatcauseselectrodestosendthesignal.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasens.orJessicaMcCarty,ageographeratMiamiUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysplaceswherewildlandandcitymeetcouldpotentiallybenefitfromsuchadevice.Shesays,“Whenafirebreaksout,thehomeownerwillknowbeforethefireagencymayhavedetectedit.”Butimprovingintegrationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmorevitaltoaddress,saysGrahamKent,aseismologistattheUniversityofNevada,whowasalsonotpartofthestudy.“Thewholewaythatyourespondtoafireuntilit'sputoutislikeaballet,"hesays.“You'dhavetochoreograph（編舞）itjustso,”withresourcesdistributedatpreciselytherighttimeandplacefromdetectiontoconfirmationtodispatch（派遣）toextinguishing.“Firedetectionisjuststepone;ifyoublowstepstwothrough98,allthattechnology...justdoesn'tmatter.”Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthedevice'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectivewallforit.Thedevice'seffectiveness,McCartynotes,willalsoneedtobetestedinthefield.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewdevice?Itcanspotfirefromthesky.Itcansendtimelywarningoffire.Itusesmoltensaltstotestthesignal.Itreceivessignalsfromtreetrunks’bases.AccordingtoGrahamKent,whatisthekeytofirefighting?A.Thetimefordetection.Theprovidednewtechnology.Preciselydistributedresources.Cooperationofdifferentdepartments.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FightingFirewithPaper B.FireIsunderControlC.FightingFireintheForest D.FirefightingIsaMatterofUrgencyDHumanshaveahabitofdelayingtheirownprogress.Fromcoffeetorefrigeratortogeneticallychangedfood,historyisfilledwithinnovationsthatcausedresistancebeforetheybecomenecessityineverydaylife.CalestousJuma,aprofessorofHarvardUniversity,exploresthisphenomenoninhislatestbook,InnovationandItsEnemies:WhyPeopleResistNewTechnologies.AmongJuma’sclaimsisthatpeopledonotfearinnovationsimplybecausethetechnologyisnew,butbecauseinnovationoftenmeanslosingapieceoftheiridentityorlifestyle,andseparatingpeoplefromnatureortheirsenseofpurpose.Jumaidentifiedinhisresearchthreekeysourcesofoppositiontoinnovation:thosewithcommercialinterestsinexistingproducts,thosewhoidentifywithexistingproducts,andthosewhomightlosepowerasaresultofchange.Thefirstgroupisperhapsthemostobvious.Manyindustrieshavebeenaffectedbyinnovation.Justtakealookatthepointlesseffortsofmusicpublisherstostopthechangetodigitalmusic.Someconsumersmightopposeaninnovationbecausetheexistingproductisdeeplyrootedintheiridentity,cultureorcustoms.TheBritishpreferredteatimeathometosittinginacoffeeshop,forexample.Finally,theriseofnewtechnologiescanalsoresultinachangeredistributingwealthandinfluenceawayfromsomegroups,andtowardothers.Theexpansionofharvestersandothermechanicalequipmentreducedtheneedforfarmlabor,andthechangeinpopulationawayfromruralareashadsignificantpoliticalconsequence.Humansmakedecisionsaboutnewinnovationswiththeirinstinct（直覺(jué)）ratherthanevidence.Opponentsandenthusiastsofanewtechnologywilloftenmakeshockingclaimstosupporttheirarguments.Jumasaidbeneaththoseargumentswastypicallyobviousconcernofnewtechnologies,ratherthanareasonedresponse.Jumasaid,“Peopleseeanewproductandthereisanemotionalreactiontothatproductbecauseitchallengestheiroutlookontheworld.Thishasbeenthestorywithalmosteverynewproduct.”Historically,technologistshavebeenmoreconcernedwiththefunctionalityoftheproductstheycreate,payinglessattentiontotheconsequenceitmayhaveonsocietyatlarge,Jumaclaims.Fortunately,thatmaybestartingtochange.AccordingtoPara.2and3,whatisthekeyreasonwhypeopleresistinnovation?Thereliabilityoftheexistingtechnologies.Thedifficultiesofmasteringnewtechnologies.Theconcernoverthedevelopmentoftechnologies.Thefearforthechangescausedbynewtechnologies.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetopeople’soppositiontoinnovation?A.Uncertain.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.Whatdoesthepassageimply?Technologies’effectonsocietyshouldbevalued.Theuseofnewproductsreducestheneedforlabor.Enthusiastsofthetechnologiesaremorereasonable.Thefunctionalityofnewproductscausesmoreworries.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whatisyourrecoveryrate?Howlongdoesittakeyoutorecoverfromactionsandbehaviorsthatupsetyou?Minutes?Hours?Days?Weeks?Briefly,thelongerittakesyoutorecover,themoreinfluencethatincidenthasonyouractions,andthelessableyouaretoperformtoyourpersonalbest.35Youarewellawarethatyouneedtoexercisetokeepthebodyfitand,nodoubt,acceptthatareasonablemeasureofhealthisthespeedinwhichyourheartandrespiratorysystem（呼吸系統(tǒng)）recoversafterexercise.Likewisethefasteryouletgoofanissuethatupsetsyou,thefasteryoureturntocalm,thehealthieryouwillbe.36Theyknowthatthefastertheycanforgetanincidentormissedopportunityandgetonwiththegame,thebettertheirperformance.Similarly,imagineyourselftobeanactorinaplayonthestage.37Youhavebeengivenascriptandattheendofeachsentenceisafullstop.Eachtimeyougettotheendofthesentenceyoustartanewone.Althoughthenextsentenceisrelatedtothelastitisnotaffectedbyit.Yourjobistodelivereachsentencetothebestofyourability.So,itisunnecessarytoliveyourlifeinthepast.38Thoughtsofthepastshouldn’tbeallowedtoreduceyourpersonalbest.Beingpresentisagatewaytorecoverquickly.39Reflectonyourrecoveryrateeachday.Everydaybeforeyougotobed,lookatyourprogress.Whenyouarelyinginbed,youshouldn,tblameyourselfforhavingdonethiswrongornothavingdonethatbetter,butlookatyourdayandnotewhenyoumadeanefforttoplaceafullstopafteranincident.Inthisway,youaretakingcontrolofyourlifeandachievetheaim:reducethetimespentinrecovery.You’reundertakingrealchangeshere.Remember:Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.Herearesomecaseswhereyoucanlearnaboutit.Youraimistoplayyourparttothebestofyourability.Insteadofthepast,itisthepresentthatyouhavetofocuson.Thebestexampleofthisbehaviorisfoundwithprofessionalsportspeople.It’ssaidthattheaveragetimeforsportspeopletowinthegameis30minutes.第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題；第1、2題各2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問(wèn)題。BalancingTreesandCO2Treeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofreducingclimatechange.Perhapsit,stimeforustorethinkthispractice.TreespullCO2fromtheair.ThiseffectivelyremovesCO2fromtheatmosphere.ButtreesonlyholdontoCO2aslongasthey,realive.Oncetheydie,treesdecay（腐爛）andreleasethatCO2backintotheatmosphere.Recentstudieshavefoundthattreesaroundtheworldaregrowingfasterthanever.TheriseofCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossilfuels,isprob