河南省天一大聯考高二下學期階段性測試（四）英語

絕密★啟用前天一大聯考2020-2021學年高二年級階段性測試(四)英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上，錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whomadethereservation(預訂)?A.Mary.B.Burton.C.David.2.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.Payforthebill.B.Dothecooking.C.Getsomethingtoeat.3.Whydoesn’tthemanwanttogotothebeach?A.Hecan’tbearthehotweather.B.Hehasnointerestinit.C.Heiswaitingforafootballmatch.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themanisannoying.B.Herhomeworkistoohard.C.Themanisabsent-minded.5.Howdidthewomanspeakerknowabouttheplace?A.OntheInternet.B.Throughasign.C.Fromhercolleague.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisuncle?A.Heisfamous.B.Heisclever.C.Heispopular.7.Whendidtheman'sunclebegintodomedicalresearch?A.Attheageof10.B.Attheageof15.C.Attheageof25.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onthethirdfloor.B.Onthefourthfloor.C.Onthefifthfloor.9.Whereischildren'sclothessection?A.Nexttoaplayarea.B.Totheleftofthelift.C.Attheendofthefirstfloor.10.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Visitmen'sclothessection.B.Buyachild'sshirt.C.Withdrawsomemoney.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatseasonisitnow?A.Summer.B.Autumn.C.Winter.12.Whydoesthemandisagreeaboutawalkinthecountryside?A.Itisboring.B.Theweatherisbad.C.Itistiring.13.Whatoutdooractivitydothespeakersdecideon?A.Ice-skating.B.Climbing.C.Fishing.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Parentandchild.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandowithherreport?A.Giveexamples.B.Makecomparisons.C.Tellstories.16.Whatwillthespeakersdiscussnext?A.Schoolbags.B.Computers.C.Pictures.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatdidthestudyintheUKfindout?A.FivepeoplegothurtwhiledoingDIY.B.ManypeoplefailedtocompletesomeDIYtasks.C.HalfofthepeopleplannedtodoDIYinthefuture.18.Howdidthespeaker’sfriendfeelabouttheaccident?A.Worried.B.Annoyed.C.Confused.19.Whydidthespeakerthinkhewaslucky?A.Hewasn'tbadlyhurt.B.Herepairedhisshelves.C.HefinishedhisDIYwork.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Unexpectedmistakes.B.Houserepairs.C.DIYtroubles.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AExploretheNationalGalleryofArtSculptureGarden,whichoffersarelaxingsettingforyoutoenjoyworksofmodernsculpture.ChairTransformationNumber20B,madein1996-byLucasSamarasHere,Samarasexploresthedoublemeaningof"flight",referringtoboththestairlikeformcreatedbythestackedchairs,andthemovementofasinglechairmovingthroughspace.Fromdifferentviewpoints,thesculptureappearstobeupright,leaningback,orspringingforward.Fromtheside,itevenappearslikeazigzagging(之字形的)line.TypewriterEraser,ScaleX,madein1998-byCoosjevanBruggenTheartistchosethetypewritereraserashismodelforthisworkbaseduponchildhoodmemoriesofplayingwiththeobjectinhisfather'soffice.Herethebrusharcs(作弧形運動)back,conveyingasenseofmotion,asifthewheel-likeeraserwererollingdownthehillandmakingitswaytowardsthegateofthegarden.Moondog,model1974,madein1998-1999-byTonySmithThetitleitselfcomesfromtwosources:MoondogwasthenameofablindpoetandfolkmusicianwholivedinNewYorkCity,andSmithhasalsocomparedthissculpturetoDogBarkingattheMoon,apaintingbyJoanMiro.HefirstcreatedMoondogin1974asa33-inchcardboardmodelandcastitinbronzeasagardensculpturein1980.ThisversionwasdesignedbySmith,butitwasnotcompleteduntilafterhisdeath.ChevalRouge(RedHorse),madein1964-byAlexanderCalderDuringthelasttwodecadesofhislife,AlexanderCalderdevotedhisgreatesteffortstolarge-scalemobilesandstabiles(立式抽象派雕塑),manyofwhichhavebecomepopularpubliclandmarksincitiesaroundtheworld.Herethesilkylegsandtensile(張力的)up-thrust"neck"recallthepowerofahorse.ThisstabilereflectsCalder’sstatement:"Iwanttomakethingsthatarefuntolookat."21.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesculptureMoondog?A.Itwasoriginallyintendedforagarden.B.Itwastheonlyworkofitscreator.C.Itwasinspiredbyamodempainter.D.Itwasn’tcompletedbyitsdesigner.22.Whichwasbasedonitscreator'searlylife?A.Moondog.B.ChevalRouge(RedHorse).C.TypewriterEraser,ScaleX.D.ChairTransformationNumber20B.23.Whoseworkwascreatedtheearliest?A.TonySmith's.B.LucasSamaras'.C.AlexanderCalder's.D.CoosjevanBruggen's.BItwas1954whenayoungtravelernamedRobertBeachwashitchingridesonhiswayfromTampa,FloridatoLosAngeles,California.HisridebrokedownononecoldnightinDeming.Beachrememberedbeingtired,hungry,andcold.Withnomoneyinhispocket,hewonderedwherehemightspendthenight.PoliceofficersapproachedBeachwhowasstandingdowntownandhebeggedthemtotakehimtoprisonjustsohecouldbewarm.Theofficersofcourserefusedhisrequestashehadnotdoneanythingwrong.Beachfoundabusinessdoorwayandsettledinforthenight.Whenmorningcame,anAsianmanwalkedoutofthebuildingandaskedhimhowhemighthelpandthenhandedhimabagofdonuts,Beachrecalled.Thosewerelikelythebestdonutshehadevertasted.Thenreachingouttohisfamily,hereturnedhomeimmediately.Now,sixty-sevenyearslater,BeachgotintouchwiththeDeming-LunaChamberofCommerceandtoldhisstoryabouthisbriefsojourninDemingtothenewExecutiveDirectorDebbieTroyer.TroyerpostedBeach'sstoryontheChamberofCommerceandCommunityFacebookpagewhereseveralpeoplethoughtBeachmightbereferringtotheBowman’sBakeryonPineStreet.Thecommunitycontinueditssearchwhiletheworkerscontinuedtolookthrougholdphonedirectories(電話簿).Finally,theydecidedtheyhadcometoadeadend.After50yearsservingasajudgeandenteringretirement,Beachwantedtosaythank-youtothecommunityofDemingbysendinga$1,000checktoalocalhomelessshelter.MargaretFairmanofSilverLiningsThriftStoreandCampSilverforthehomelessrangupBeachandlaterthegenerouscheckhepromised-acheckrepresentingthekindnessofDeming-wasdeliveredtoFairmaninearlyFebruary."TheChamberwouldliketothankJudgeRobertBeachforbringingDemingtogetherintheirsearchforthemysteriousbaker,"Troyersaid."Wewillletyouthinkabouttheownerofthisgenerousbakeryfromthepastandperhapsthisstorywillfindsomeanswers."24.WhatdidBeachaskthepolicetodo?A.Declarehimguilty.B.Throwhimintoprison.C.Findhimsomewarmclothes.D.Showhimthewaytothebakery.25.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"sojourn"inparagraph3?A.introductionB.speechC.stayD.success26.MargaretFairmancalledBeachprobablyto.A.keephispromisetofindthebakerB.requestthepromisedcheckfromhimC.givehimtheanswertothemysteryD.expressthanksforhisbringingDemingtogether27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EveryKindnessDeservesaGenerousRewardB.ThejourneytoFindaMysteriousBakerinDemingC.AYoungTraveler'sMagicColdNightinDeming67YearsAgoD.RetiredRoridaJudgeRewardsKindnessinDeming67YearsLaterCWhetheryou'reanearly-birdoranight-owl,gettingregularexerciseisstillgenerallyagoodideaatsomepointinyourschedule.Itturnsout,however,thatwhenyoudoyourworkoutmayaffectyourbodydifferently.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenandtheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvinediscoveredthesesignificantdifferencesbyplacingmiceonatreadmill(跑步機)atvarioustimesofday.Miceareanimalsactiveatnightsotheirbiologicalrhythm(生物節(jié)律)runsintheoppositedirectionfromhumans.Theirmorningstartswhenitgetsdarkandtheirnightstartswhenitgetslight."Thereappeartoberathersignificantdifferencesbetweentheeffectofexerciseperformedinthemorningandevening,andthesedifferencesareprobablycontrolledbythebody'sbiologicalclock,"saysco-authorJonasThueTreebak,anassociateprofessorfromtheNovoNordiskFoundationCenterforBasicMetabolicResearch,inarelease.Theauthorsfoundthatwhenmiceareonamorningexerciseschedule,thecellsintheirmusclesareabletoprocessfatandsugarbetter.Thatbeingsaid,theyalsonotedthatrunningonthetreadmillintheeveningcausesmicetousemoreenergy(burnmorecalories)forlongerperiodsoftime."Morningexercisestartsgeneprogramsinthemusclecells,makingthemmoreeffectiveandbetterabletometabolize(代謝)sugarandfat.Eveningexercise,ontheotherhand,increaseswholebodyenergyconsumptionforanextendedperiodoftime,"saysTreebak.Thesefindingsareespeciallyinterestingtotheresearchteambecausetheyseemtoindicatethetimeofdaywhenpeoplewithsevereoverweightortype-2diabetesmightbeabletomaximizetheexercisegains.Still,thesedifferingeffectsmakeitdifficultfortheresearcherstodeterminewhenisbetteringeneraltoexercise."Atthispoint,wecanonlyconcludethattheeffectsofthetwoappeartodiffer,andwecertainlyhavetodomoreworktodeterminethepotentialmechanisms(機制)forthebeneficialeffectsofexercisetrainingperformedatthesetwotime-points,"saysTreebak.28.Whatdecidesthedifferenteffectsofexerciseaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Thebiologicalclock.B.Theplacetoworkout.C.Theexercisemachine.D.Thelengthoftheexercise.29.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thebesttimeformicetoexercise.B.Unexpectedthingsduringmice’sexercise.C.Theimportanceofexercisinginthemorningtomice.D.Thedifferenteffectsofmorningandeveningexerciseonmice.30.Whydothefindingsinteresttheresearchers?A.Theycanhelpsomepeopletoputonweight.B.Theycanprovideanewwaytotreatsomepatients.C.Theymayinstructsomepatientstorecoverfrominjuries.D.Theymayshowthebesttimetocurepeopleoftype-2diabetes.31.Whatwilltheresearchersdonext?A.Setthebesttimeforpeopletoexercise.B.Trainmorepeopletoperformmorningexercise.C.Takesomemeasurestotreatunhealthypeople.D.Figureoutthereasonsforthedifferentbenefitsofexercise.DAreportlastingalmostthreedecadesshowedthattransportation-flying,driving,rail,commercialshipping,etc.-isresponsibleforalargershareofdomesticgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions(排放)thananyothereconomicsector.Thoughpassengercarscurrentlyaccountforthelargestportionoftransportation-relatedGHGemissions,airtravelisoneofthefastest-growingpolluters.In2018,aircraftwereresponsiblefor9%ofU.S.transportationsectorGHGemissionsand2.4%oftotalcarbondioxideemissionsglobally.Thecarbondioxideemittedfromoneround-tripflightfromNewYorktoLondontotalsabout1,259poundsperpassenger,accordingtoICAO'sCarbonEmissionsCalculator-that'smorethanwhattheaveragecitizenofKenya(andmorethan30othercountries)emitsoverafullyear.Planesalsoleavebehindthoseicetrails(痕跡)-calledcontrailclouds-whichareevenmorepollutingthantheCO2theyproduce.Theword"contrails"isamixof"condensation"and"trails".Theyoccurwhenwastegasesmixwithlow-temperature,high-humidity(濕度)air.Contrailsareharmfulnotjustbecausetheyblocksunlight,butalsobecausetheytrapheatcomingupfromtheground,finallycreatingawarmingeffectbelow.Today,alternativefuelsthataresimilarinchemistrytotraditionalfossiljetfuel,butmadefromwasteandrawmaterialsinstead,arebecomingmorecommonplace.SanFranciscoInternationalAirporthasalreadystarteddeliveringsustainableaviation(航空)fuelthroughapipeline:American,JetBlue,andAlaskaAirlinesaresomeoftheindustryplayersthathavecommittedtousingit.Newresearchsuggeststhatbecausecontrailcloudsformonlyinverylowtemperatures,reducingthealtitudeofflightsevenslightlycoulddramaticallyminimizecontrailclimateforcing.Onestudyfoundthatjust2%offlightsinJapan’sairspacewereresponsiblefor80%ofthatspace'sradiativeforcing.Thesamestudyestimatedthatifeven1.7%offlightsreducedtheiraltitudeby2,000feet-whichisanormalamountofvariationfromtheflightpathanyway-theclimateimpactofcontrailscouldbecutby59%.32.WhatcanwelearnaboutairtravelinAmericafromparagraph1?A.ItemittedmoreCO2thanpassengercarsdidin2018.B.Itisthemostconvenientmeansoftransportation.C.ItaccountedforovertwopercentofglobalCO2emissionsin2018.D.Itisconsideredasthelargestairpolluterrecently.33.Whatharmwillthecontrailsoftheplanecause?A.Globalwarming.B.Lowtemperatures.C.Expensiveflyingcosts.D.Increasingwaterintheair.34.Whydoestheauthormentiontheairlinesinparagraph4?A.Toshowalternativefuelsaremuchcheaper.B.Toprovealternativefuelsareincreasinglypopular.C.Toannouncealternativefuelshaveahugeeffectontheair.D.Tostressrawmaterialsofalternativefuelsarecommon.35.Whatdoesthenewresearchexpectairplanestodotoreducetheharmofthecontrails?A.Changetheirflightpaths.B.Reducesomeflightdistance.C.Developalternativefuels.D.Flyataslightlyloweraltitude.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Weallarefamiliarwiththetermprocrastination(拖延癥).36Thisphenomenonisalsocalledmoodrepairbysomeresearchersinwhichweavoidthebadmoodassociatedwithourworkbyspendingtimeonmoodboostingactivities.Hereyou’11findfoursimplewaystohelpyouquitprocrastinationhabitto’growyourcareer.1.37Weallneedtobreakdownourprojectsandgoalsintosmaller,moremanageablethings.Concentratingononethingatatimecanhelpyoucompleteyourtaskmorequicklythanyouthink.2.Setarealisticdeadline.38Tasksarenotlikelytobeconcentratedinourmindswithoutaclearlysetdeadline.Theambiguity(不明確)isalsothebiggestcauseofprocrastination.3.Stepawayfromataskforawhile.Tomaintainthelevelofefficiency,leaveyourdesktotakeabreakorgooutsideforawalk.39Continuouslythinkingaboutyourtaskcancausesevereanxietyandmakeyoufeeloverwhelmed.Takingabreakwillhelpyouovercomeyourprocrastinationandworktowardscompletingyourtaskgoals.4.Perfectionismwastestime.Itishumannaturethatwealwaystrytodoourbest,butinprofessionallife,weallneedtocompletethetaskandmoveontothenext.Asnofinishedproductisperfect,wecanonlytrytomakeitperfect.Butifyoukeeptryingforperfection,youwillneverfinishyourtask.Thereisnoperfectproduct,anywhere.Youcanjustcompleteyourtaskthatisreallygoodandacceptthatsomefaultsareunavoidable.40A.Doonethingatatime.B.Keepawayfromcomplexprojects.C.Thismakestaskaccomplishmenteasier.D.Instead,focusonbeingbetterthanperfect.E.Letyourmindrelaxwithoutthinkingaboutyourtasks.F.Afterall,youcanalwayscomebacktoimproveoninthefuture.G.Itisathought,anemotionalreactiontoputtingoffthetaskathand.第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。WhenIdecidedtoleavemyhomecountryofIranforaPh.D.inCanada,Ididn'texpectthatcommunicationwouldbeaproblem.IhadtakenEnglishlessonsandscoredwellontheEnglish41foruniversityadmission.ButaftermyarrivalintheEnglish-speakingworld,IbegantoknowhowwrongIwas.Ihadahardtimeremaining42andfocusedinconversationsbecauseIwas43thinkingaboutwhatIwouldsaynext.Igraduallyturnedinwardand44,especiallywhensurroundedbynativeEnglishspeakers.AndIworriedaboutmyfuture.45,effectivecommunicationinEnglishiscriticaltobeing46inmanyacademicandprofessionalenvironments.Thenasimpleideaoccurredtome.Whynot47thediscussioninwriting,inanemailtomycolleagues?Afterwards,Ioftensatatmycomputer,puttingmy48intoEnglishwords.Overtime,this49helpedmethinkandspeakatthesametimeinEnglish.Meanwhile,Ilearnedtobe50withcolleaguesaboutthelanguagebarriersIfaced.IoftenheldbackinourmeetingsbecauseIstillwasn't51aboutmyEnglish.Soon,however,I52thenativeEnglishspeakersontheteamwould53myapparentlackofparticipationasalackofinterest.SoIdecidedto54themthatEnglishisnotmyfirstlanguage,andIaskedthemtospeakmoreslowlytohelpmefollowthediscussionand55fully.Atfirst,theyseemedslightlysurprisedandkeptspeechlessforsometime.Butthesituationquickly56.Now,12yearsafterImovedtoCanada,the57oftheconversationcanstillsometimespresentachallenge.But1havelearnedthatIcan58andbeopenwithothersaboutthedifficultiesImay59.Withsomeeffortonbothsides,languagebarriersneednotbe60.41.A.classB.testC.meetingD.team42.A.presentB.unknownC.considerateD.silent43.A.casuallyB.skilfullyC.deliberatelyD.constantly44.A.negativeB.modestC.reliableD.aggressive45.A.AboveallB.AsaresultC.AfterallD.Ingeneral46.A.reformedB.recognizedC.clarifiedD.consulted47.A.contributetoB.approveofC.searchforD.accountfor48.A.anxietiesB.thoughtsC.strengthsD.thanks49.A.progress·B.accidentC.practiceD.challenge50.A.patient’B.strictC.busyD.open51.A.curiousB.seriousC.confidentD.particular52.A.predictedB.arguedC.realizedD.announced53.A.interpretB.appointC.confirmD.declare54.A.impress,B.convinceC.remindD.warn55.A.assistB.recoverC.updateD.participate56.A.spreadB.aroseC.repeatedD.improved57.A.endB.paceC.artD.style58.A.followB.prepareC.escapeD.distinguish59.A.imagineB.describeC.overcomeD.experience60.A.undefeatableB.unchangeableC.inflexibleD.unforgettable第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Tianwen-1,China'sfirstindependentinterplanetarymission(星際任務),61(reach)Marswithindaysoftwoothermajormissions:theUnitedArabEmirates'HopesatelliteandNASA'sPerseverancerover(探測器),afterithadtravelled292millionmilesfromEarth.Allthreetookadvantageofa62(particular)suitablelaunchwindowwhenobjectslaunchedfromEarthwouldhavea63(short)andmoreefficientpathtoMars.ButallthreemissionswillhaveplentytodoontheRedPlanet.Variousspacemissio