旅游英語簡要概述

TourismEnglish

---旅游英語BriefIntroductionofTourismEnglish作為世界文明古國之一的中國，有著悠久的文化歷史傳統(tǒng)。祖國的人文歷史、民族風情、山水名勝等得天獨厚的條件吸引著來自世界各地的旅游愛好者。旅游業(yè)已成為我國主要的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。涉外導游和旅游業(yè)管理人員已成為我國急需的人才。作為專業(yè)的旅游英語人才，將有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。Aswewillgraduatefromcollegenextyear,manyofstudentsmaywanttobeatourguide.ThenIwanttointroducetourguideinchina.涉外導游Wecalltourguideforforeigners“涉外導游”.涉外導游是一個需要知識、技能、公關和管理等綜合能力的職業(yè)。指有業(yè)務可出國的本國導游，需要考試通過才可出國！HowtogettouristcertificateinChina?報名條件與要求遵守憲法，熱愛祖國，堅持四項基本原則，具有高級中學、中等專業(yè)學?；蛘咭陨蠈W歷，身體健康，具有適應導游需要的知識和語言表達能力的中華人民共和國公民。Contentoftheexam考試內(nèi)容一、導游綜合知識：為筆試主要內(nèi)容為：（1）【旅游方針政策與法規(guī)及每年的時事政治】（2）【導游業(yè)務】（含旅游案例分析）（3）【全國導游基礎知識】和【地方導游基礎】（4）【漢語言文學基礎】（北京與湖南的考生須考）（

（5）【導游外語】（外語類考生須考，國語類考生不用考）二、導游服務能力：為現(xiàn)場考試，即口試，主要內(nèi)容為：（1）【導游講解能力】

（2）【導游規(guī)范服務能力】；（3）【導游特殊問題處理及應變能力】

外語類考生須用所報考語種的語言進行"導游服務能力"一科考試，并加試口譯（中譯外和外譯中）。DefinitionoftourismThetouristmovementofplacetodestinationsawayfromtheirhome,theactivitiesentereduponduringtheirstayinthosedestinationsandthefacilitiesdevelopedtoprovidefortheirrequirements/needs.Classificationoftourism1.InternationaltourismInbound,Outbound,Cross-border2.Internaltourism(domestictourism)PurposesoftravelOnbusinessattendaconferenceInspectionsVisitfriendsorrelativesTravelforseekingknowledgeWanttoseeIndiabecauseoftheculture.Ifyounevergoanywhere,yoursphereoflifeisquietlimited.Natureoftourism

Tourismis,therefore,asocialandculturalphenomenon.Tourismindustrycanbecharacterizedbyamixtureofdifferenttrades,organizationsandactivities.Tourism-relatedindustriesFoodindustriesFood&Beverage:Notonlyprovidebasicsustenancefortouristsbutanimportantfactorintheoveralltourismexperience.

TransportationStagecoach(1500A.D.)InventedinHungary.Railroads(1825)FirstpassengertrainwasinEngland.Boats&Ships(early400B.C.,butfirstoceanliner1840)Auto(1908)HenryFord'sModelTAirTravel(1919)ThehotelindustryCommercialhotelsLuxuryhotelsResorthotelsIn-citymotelsBudgetmotelsUpper-classtouristsStudentsandbudgettravelersBusinesspeopleormiddle-classtouristsDrivingtravelerswhowanttovisitsomecentralcityattractionsTourismEnglishTranslation包括旅游景點介紹，旅游宣傳廣告，旅游告示標牌，民俗風情畫冊，古跡對聯(lián)解說，等等。FunctionsofTourismTranslation旅游翻譯的兩個目的傳遞信息（informative）/誘導行動（appellative)旅游翻譯注重的應是原文與譯文間信息內(nèi)容和文體功能的對等，而不是語言形式上的對應，更不是展示原語言文化異質(zhì)性的場所。這類功能的核心在于“讀者層”，使讀者“完全不覺得在讀譯文”為了實現(xiàn)譯文的功能，譯者有理由對某些原文信息進行調(diào)整和改寫。（In

ordertobefunctionalthispartofthetextwouldrequireafairamountofrewriting)!MainPrinciples旅游文體是文化歷史社會信息的高度濃縮，翻譯中往往為適合讀者的需要增加或刪減信息。漢語往往融情于景，注重言辭華美，句式工整，用夸張，排比，對偶，比喻等等手法（說明文體除外）。英文傾向物我分離，寫實，具體，客觀情形的再現(xiàn)。漢譯英的過程中要向英文的風格靠攏。最忌“對號入座”，死譯硬譯。例：杭州是中國著名的六大古都之一，已有二千多年的歷史。杭州不僅以自然美景聞名于世，而且有著傳統(tǒng)文化的魅力。不僅有歷代文人墨客的題詠，而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工藝品。可以直譯的介紹性廣告OneofChina’ssixancientcapitalcities,Hangzhouhasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.Itisfamousnotonlyforitsnaturalbeautybutalsoforitsculturaltraditions.Apartfromalargenumberofpoemsandinscriptionsinitspraiseleftbehindbyscholarsandmenoflettersthroughthecenturies,italsoboastsdeliciousfoodandprettyhandicrafts.例：（于是舟子導往）。村在兩山夾道中。園依山而無石，老樹多極紆回盤郁之勢。亭榭窗欄盡從樸素，竹籬茅舍，不愧隱者之居。中有皂莢亭，樹大可兩抱。余所歷園亭，此為第一。

-----《浮生六記》第四章Thevillagestoodonapathbetweentwohills.Thegardensituatedonahillsidebutdevoidofallrocks;ontheotherhand,therearemanyoldtreeswithwindingbranchesofgreatstrengthandbeauty.Thepavilions,watershed,windowsandrailingsweredesignedinaverysimplestyleandtherewerebamboofencesandhay-thatchedmudcottages,aswasbecomingtheresidenceofarecluse.Inthecentertherewasapavilionwithahoney-locusttree,abouttwofathomsincircumferencenearby.OfallgardensIhaveseen,Iconsiderthisthebest.

----林語堂譯WelcometoGrandCanyonNationalPark.Apowerful

andinspiringlandscape，theGrandCanyonoverwhelmsour

sensesthroughitsimmensesize；277rivermiles(446km)long，upto18miles(29km)wide，andamile(1.6km)deep.EnglishScenicSpotsIntroductionTiny

islands

arestrungaroundtheedgeofthepeninsulalikeapearlnecklace.Hunksofcoralreef,coconutpalmsandfinewhitesand.(寫實）EnglishScenicSpotsIntroductionA

fascinatingcitybetweenseaandsky,likeVenusrisingfromthewaves,Venicewelcomestouristsfromthefivecontinentsdrawntoherbythecharmofherwaterandpellucidlight,freefromalldustandcooledbytheseabreeze.英文景點介紹風格一瞥改寫（Rewrite):以保證譯文的流暢通達為首要目的

這里三千座奇峰拔地而起，形態(tài)各異，有的似玉柱神鞭，立地頂天；有的象銅墻鐵壁，巍然矗立；有的如晃板壘卵；有的若盆景古董，玲瓏剔透……神奇而又真實,迷離而又實在,不是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造勝似藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造,令人嘆為觀止。Firstversion:Three

thousandcragsriseinvariousshapes.Theyarelikewhipsorpillarsproppingthesky;orhugewalls,solidandsound;orimmerseeggspiledonanunsteadyboarder;orminiaturerockyorcurios…Fantasticbutactual,dreamybutreal!Theyarenotartisticworks,butmoreexquisitethanartisticworks.OncecannothelpmarvelingattheacmeofperfectionofNature’screation.Secondversion:Threethousandcragsriseinvariousshapes—pillars,columns,walls,shakyeggstacksandpottedlandscapes…conjuringupunforgettablyfantasticimages.滿樹金花，芳香四溢的金桂；華白如雪，香氣撲鼻的銀桂；紅里透黃，花多味濃的紫砂桂；花色似銀，季季有花的四季桂；競相開放，爭妍媲美。進入桂林公園，陣陣桂香撲鼻而來。(The

parkofSweetOsmanthusisnotedforitsprofusionofOsmanthustrees.)Flowersfromthesetreesindifferentcolorsareinfullbloom,whichpervadethewholegardenwiththefragranceoftheirblossoms.她（黃河）奔騰不息，勇往直前，忽而驚濤裂岸，勢不可擋，使群山動容；忽而安如處子，風平浪靜，波光瀲滟，氣象萬千。It

tearsandboilsalongturbulentlythroughthemountainsand,atsomeplace,flowsonquietlywithasedateappearanceandglisteningripples.夢江蘇—情與水的中國文化之鄉(xiāng)Welcome

to

Jiangsu，theheartlandofOrientculture!詩話江南，山水浙江PoeticJiangnan,picturesqueZhejiang福天福地福建游A

happytourtoahappyland.香港，樂在此，愛在此Hong

Kong，liveitloveit.大寧河的風景不似三峽，勝似三峽。The

sceneryoverDaning

RiverismorefascinatingthantheYangtzGorges.阡陌交通，雞犬相聞，風和日麗，鳥語花香一片新天地。A

newlandwithcrisscrossedfields,brightsunshine,gentlebreeze,roosterscrowing,dogsbarking,birdssingingandflowersblooming.阿壩州風光秀麗，山河壯美。座座雪峰聳入云霄，原始森林遮天蓋地，莽莽草原花團錦簇，疊溪遺跡神秘奧妙，瀑布溪流蜿蜒跌宕，高山湖泊燦若明珠，藏羌村寨別具一格，肥沃河谷瓜果飄香。ThebeautifullandscapesofAbaPrefecturefeaturetoweringsnow-cladmountains,crisscrossingrivers,andboundlessforestsandgrassland.Onthisfertilelandarepeculiargeologicalruins,fantasticstreamsandwaterfalls,alpinelakes,andTibetanandQiangvillages.純中國元素的處理（增譯）歷史事件的發(fā)生年代，名人的生卒年代，身份，歷史貢獻，名勝具體位置，人名，地名，物品名，官階名等確切含義。清朝乾隆年間，揚州早已是一個興旺發(fā)達的城市了。During

thereignofEmperorQianlong(1736-1795)oftheQingDynasty(1644-1911),Yangzhouwasalreadyaprosperouscity.純中國元素的處理（增譯）清明節(jié)QingMingFestival，atimetorememberthedead

whenpeopletraditionallygo

tovisitthetombsofthe

deceased．秦始皇QinShihuang，thefirstemperor

inChinesehistorywhounifiedChinain221B.C.林則徐LinZexu，governmentofficialoftheQingDynasty(1636—1911)andkeyfigureintheOpiumWar直譯+注釋潑水節(jié)：Water-Sprinkling

Festival（abigfestivalfortheDainationalitytowisheveryonehappinessbysplashingwatertooneanother)歸化法（Domestication），此法也可以用音譯+注釋完成此策略突出evokedmeaning,強調(diào)expressivevalue,在讀者中產(chǎn)生在旅游者心目中會產(chǎn)生類似共鳴（Similar

impact）。紹興/蘇州：Venice

ofChina清明節(jié)：Chinese

Easter

觀音：Goddess

ofMercy月老：Chinese

Cupid魚米之鄉(xiāng)：Land

ofmilkandhoney(theBible)西施：

Chinese

Cleopatra（queenofEgypt(51–30)）歸化法（Domestication），此法也可以用音譯/直譯+注釋完成舟子前方架著一柄長舵，形如關云長的青龍偃月刀。The

helmlocatedinthefrontpartofboatisshapedliketheswordusedbyGuanYu,ageneraloftheStateofShuofthethreekingdomsperiod(220-280A.D.)…isshapedliketheknifeontheWestern’sdinnertable…UsefulExpressionsforTourismIwanttogotoAmericaformyvacation.IsthereanytourgroupthatIcangowith?Howlongisthetrip?Howmanyplaceswillbevisited?Andwhatarethey?What’sthepriceforthistrip?UsefulExpressionsforTourismWhatkindofservicesdoyouoffer?I’llthinkaboutit.TourpackageSignup(for)AsuperdeluxetripWegiveyouaspecialdeal.SentencesGuilinisthemostbeautifulcityinChina.桂林是中國最美的城市。Couldyoufillintheregistrationform,please?請?zhí)钜幌碌怯洷砗脝?？Itistoolatefortoday’slaundry.恐怕已經(jīng)過了今天的洗衣時間。I’dliketobookatablebythewindow.我想訂一張窗口邊的桌子。

Showmeyourpassport,please.請出示您的護照。Doyouhaveanylaundry?您有衣服要洗嗎？Letmecarryyourluggage.我來幫您提行李。Whatwouldyouliketoorder?您想點些什么？Iwouldliketobookapresidentialsuite,please.請幫我訂一個總統(tǒng)套房。Letmeconfirmyourarrivaldateanddeparturedate.讓我確認一下您的抵店日期和離店日期。這道菜色、香、味俱全Color,flavorandtasteareallnice.請?zhí)钜幌孪匆聠魏脝幔縁illinthelaundrylist,please.京劇有200多年的歷史。Beijingoperahasahistoryofover200years。我想訂一個包廂。Iwouldliketobookaprivateroom.請?zhí)顚懩男彰?、地址和護照號。Writedownyourname,addressandpassportnumber,please.

我能刷一下你的信用卡嗎？MayItakeaprintofyourcard?恐怕沒有空桌了。I’mafraidwedon’thaveanytableavailablerightnow.您的牛排要怎么做？Howwouldyoulikeyoursteak?桂林山水具有“山清、水秀、洞奇、石美”的特色ThelandscapeinGuilinischaracterizedbyits“Greenhill,clearwater,prettyclocks,andgrotesquecaves”.先生，可以為您點菜了嗎。Sir,MayItakeyourordernow?請?zhí)钜幌碌怯洷砗脝幔緾ouldyoufillintheregistrationform?您有多少件行李。Howmanypiecesofluggagedoyouhave?您打算怎么付賬？Howwouldyouliketosettleyourpayment?我想訂一張8人桌。Iwouldliketobookatablefor8.WordsinTourism

Food&beveragedepartment餐飲部Creditcard信用卡Arrivaldate抵達（店）日期

Registrationform登記表

Firstclass頭等艙

Travelservice旅行社

Dresscode穿衣規(guī)則

BeijingOpera京劇

Foreignexchangerate外幣兌換率

Remotecontrol遙控器

Themepark主題公園

Pa