2006-6-19164424英語(yǔ)(本科段)畢業(yè)水平考試大綱及樣題

2006-6-19164424英語(yǔ)(本科段)畢業(yè)水平考試大綱及樣題LtDPAGEPAGE4廣東省高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科段畢業(yè)水平考試大綱與樣題(課程代號(hào):8267)廣東外語(yǔ)外貿(mào)大學(xué)自學(xué)考試辦公室組編廣州外語(yǔ)音像出版社I.聽(tīng)力理解（ListeningComprehension）測(cè)試要求：能聽(tīng)懂交際場(chǎng)合中各種英語(yǔ)會(huì)話(huà)。能聽(tīng)懂有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、文化教育、語(yǔ)言文學(xué)、科普等方面的一般性講座。錄音速度為每分鐘120個(gè)詞。題型：聽(tīng)力理解部分為多項(xiàng)選擇題，分SectionA和SectionB，考試時(shí)間共計(jì)20分鐘。SectionA:ConversationsA項(xiàng)由兩段對(duì)話(huà)組成，每段對(duì)話(huà)后有五道選擇題，每道選擇題后有15秒的間隙，要求考生從試卷所給的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。SectionB;MonologuesB項(xiàng)由兩段獨(dú)白組成，每段獨(dú)白后有五道選擇題，每道選擇題后有15秒的間隙，要求考生從試卷所給的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。II．校對(duì)與改錯(cuò)和完形填空（ProofreadingandCloze）這部分由SectionA和SectionB組成，考試時(shí)間共計(jì)40分鐘。SectionA:Proofreading測(cè)試要求：A項(xiàng)要求考生能運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法、修辭、結(jié)構(gòu)等語(yǔ)言知識(shí)識(shí)別短文內(nèi)的語(yǔ)病并提出改正的方法?？荚嚂r(shí)間共計(jì)20分鐘。題型：A項(xiàng)由一段200詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文組成，短文中有20行標(biāo)有題號(hào)。該20行中除個(gè)別行之外均含有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，要求考生首先判別該行是否有錯(cuò)。如果詞句有誤，必須根據(jù)“增添、刪去、更換”三種方法之一加以改正。SectionB:Cloze測(cè)試要求：B項(xiàng)要求考生在全面理解所給短文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最佳的單詞題填入空白處，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。題型：B項(xiàng)在一篇250詞左右，題材熟悉，難度中等的短文中留有20個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白為一題。在短文后有25個(gè)單詞供選擇，每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。III．閱讀理解（ReadingComprehension）測(cè)試要求：能讀懂英美國(guó)家出版的中等難度的文章和材料，掌握主旨和大意。能分析文章的思想觀(guān)點(diǎn)，通篇布局，語(yǔ)言技巧及修辭手法?？荚嚂r(shí)間共計(jì)40分鐘。題型：由數(shù)篇短文組成，其后共有選擇題25道，要求考生根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容、隱含意義及文體特征選出最佳答案。IV．翻譯（Translation）測(cè)試要求：要求考生運(yùn)用翻譯的理論和技巧，將中文和英文報(bào)刊中的一般性文章從一種語(yǔ)言譯成另一種語(yǔ)言?？荚嚂r(shí)間共計(jì)50分鐘。題型：SectionA:ChinesetoEnglishA項(xiàng)要求考生將一段150字左右的漢語(yǔ)短文譯成英語(yǔ)。SectionB:EnglishtoChineseB項(xiàng)要求考生將一段150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文譯成漢語(yǔ)。V．寫(xiě)作（Writing）1．測(cè)試要求：要求考生根據(jù)所給題目及要求撰寫(xiě)一篇200詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。所作短文應(yīng)語(yǔ)言通順，用詞得體，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，文體恰當(dāng)，具有說(shuō)服力。2．題型：命題作文。英語(yǔ)（本科段）畢業(yè)水平考試內(nèi)容一覽表大題號(hào)小題號(hào)項(xiàng)目題型題數(shù)計(jì)分考試時(shí)間（分鐘）I1-56-1011-1516-20ListeningComprehensionSectionA:ConversationsConversation1Conversation2SectionB:MonologueMonologue1Monologue2客觀(guān)題（多項(xiàng)選擇題，四項(xiàng)選一）5555555520II21-4041-60ProofreadingandClozeSectionA:ProofreadingSectionB:Cloze主觀(guān)題（指出錯(cuò)誤，改正錯(cuò)誤）客觀(guān)題（25詞選20詞，每詞用1次）202010102020III61-85ReadingComprehension客觀(guān)題（多項(xiàng)選擇題，四項(xiàng)選一）252540IVTranslationSectionA:ChinesetoEnglishSectionB:EnglishtoChinese主觀(guān)題（筆譯）101050VWriting主觀(guān)題（命題作文）1540合計(jì)8585+3100190樣題ENGLISHGRADUATIONPROFICIENCYTESTFORSELF-TAUGHTUNDERGRADUATESTUDENTSGUANGDONG(SAMPLE)(QuestionBooklet)考生注意：1.答案全部寫(xiě)在答卷上，否則無(wú)效。2.本試卷共14頁(yè)。I.ListeningComprehension(20%,1%each)(Time:20minutes)SectionA:ConversationsConversation1Youwillhearaconversationbetweenamanandawoman.Listentoitcarefullyandanswerquestions1-5.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.1.Howdidthemancuthimself?(A)Withaknife.(B)Ontheedgeofsomemetal.(C)Onsomeglass.(D)Onapieceofpaper.2.Whatsurprisedtheman?(A)Howmuchthecuthurt.(B)Howdeepthecutwas.(C)Howeasilyhewascut.(D)Howconcernedthewomanwas.3.Accordingtothewoman,whatdetermineshowpainfulacutis?(A)Theamountofskinaffectedbythecut.(B)Thecauseofthecut.(C)Theamountofbleeding.(D)Thenumberofnerveendingsirritated.4.Whatadvicedoesthewomangivetheman?(A)Takeapainreliever.(B)Letthecutdryout.(C)Keepthecutclosed.(D)Gotoadoctor.5.Whatwillthemanprobablydoaboutthecutonhisfinger?(A)Keepitelevated.(B)Putabandageonit.(C)Cleanit.(D)Ignoreit.Conversation2Youwillhearaconversationbetweenamanandawoman.Listentoitcarefullyandanswerquestions6-10.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.6.Wheredidthemanseethewomanyesterday?(A)Ontelevision.(B)Atregistration.(C)Inclass.(D)Atwork.7.Howisthedistance-learningcoursedifferentfromtraditionalcourses?(A)Studentsarenotrequiredtoattendregularclasslectures.(B)Theprofessorvideotapesclasslecturesforreview.(C)Classesareheldatvariouslocationsthroughoutthearea.(D)Studentsreceivecreditforworkexperience.8.Whatdothespeakersagreeisthemajoradvantageofthedistance-learningcourse?(A)Itallowsthemtomeetstudentsfromotheruniversities.(B)Itpromotestheconceptofself-learning.(C)Itallowsmoreflexibilityinstudents’schedules.(D)Itdoesn’trequireanyexaminations.9.Whydidthewomandecidetoenrollinthedistance-learningcourse?(A)It’sarequirementforpsychologymajors.(B)Shewasn’tabletogetintoatraditionalcourse.(C)Shelivesfarfromtheuniversity.(D)Shehastoworkalotofhoursthissemester.10.Whatdoesthemanthinkisadisadvantageofdistancelearning?(A)Itrequirestoomuchtraveling.(B)Itlimitsinteractionamongstudents.(C)Itwillincreaseclasssize.(D)Itwillencouragestudentstowatchtoomuchtelevision.SectionB:MonologuesMonologue1Youwillhearashorttalk.Listentoitcarefullyandanswerquestions11-15.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.11.WhywasthestudentinBritishColumbia?(A)Tostudyitsgeography.(B)Tohelpatanarchaeologicaldig.(C)Totakeavacationwithfriends.(D)Todoresearchforaphysicsproject.12.Whatdidthestudentfindsounusualaboutthe“rainbow”hesaw?(A)Itsshape.(B)Itssize.(C)Itslocation.(D)Itsbrightness.13.Whatwasinsidethelargecircle?(A)Smallercircles.(B)Bandsofcolor.(C)Alargewhitedisc.(D)Curvedlegsoflight.14.Whatdidthecooksayaboutthephenomenonthestudenthadseen?(A)Ithadneverbeenseenbefore.(B)Itwasinthestudent’simagination.(C)Itwouldstaytherefordays.(D)Itwasfairlycommon.15.Whatdidthecookcallthephenomenon?(A)Ahalo.(B)Asunspot.(C)Asundog.(D)Arainbow.Monologue2Youwillhearashorttalk.Listentoitcarefullyandanswerquestions16-20.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.16.Whatisthemainsubjectofthistalk?(A)RockformationsintheNevadadesert.(B)Graduatestudiesinanthropology.(C)Excavationtechniquesusedinarchaeology.(D)PrehistoricdesertpeopleofNevada.17.WhatpointdoesthespeakermakeabouttheprehistoricpeopleoftheNevadadesert?(A)Theyplannedtheirmigrations.(B)Theydidn’ttravelfarfromtheirbasecamps.(C)Theyhidfromtheirenemiesincaves.(D)Theyplantedseedsneartheircamps.18.Whydidn’tpeopleliveinthecavedescribedbythespeaker?(A)Theyhadtroublefindingit.(B)Lackoflightmadeitimpossible.(C)Itwastoosmallforagrouptofitinto.(D)Itemsstoredbyotherstookupmostofthespace.19.Whathavearchaeologistsfoundinthecave?(A)Prehistoricdesertpeople.(B)Migratoryanimals.(C)Foodsuppliesandtools.(D)Growingplants.20.Whydoesthespeakershowaphotototheclass?(A)Toillustratethesizeofsomeobjects.(B)Tointroducethenextassignment.(C)Toshowsomeartifactsondisplayatthecampusmuseum.(D)Todemonstratehisphotographicability.II.ProofreadingandCloze(20%)SectionA:Proofreading(10%)(Time:20minutes)CorrecttheerrorsinthepassageontheANSWERSHEET.Somelinesarecorrect,andtheothersareincorrect,eachlinecontainingonlyoneerror:withawrongword,anunnecessarywordORamissingword.Makethecorrectionsinthefollowingway.Foracorrectline:Putatick(√)inthespacegiven.Foranunnecessaryword:Crossouttheunnecessaryword,andthenwritethewordinthespacegiven.Foramissingword:Markthepositionofthatmissingwordwithacaret“”,andthenwritethewordinthespacegiven.Forawrongword:Underlinethewrongword,andthenwritethecorrectoneinthespacegiven.Sample:Whenartmuseumwantsanewexhibit,it 1.anneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs 2.neverthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum 3.√wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit. 4.exhibitNOWdoitonyourANSWERSHEETSectionTwo:Cloze(10%)(Time:20minutes)Thereare20blanksinthepassage,and25wordsintheboxbelowthepassage.Decidewhichgivenwordshouldgotowhichblank.Livingatcollege,firstofall,givesmeasenseofresponsibility,ofbeingonmyown.Myparentsaren’t41tosay,“No,you’renotgoingouttonight”or“Didyoufinishyourhomework?”EverythingIdohastobemy42,andthatgivesmetheresponsibilityof43myownlife.DuringthesecondweekIwas44college,Ihadtogooutandlookforabank45Icouldopenanaccount.BeforethatIlookedinthephonebooksinceIhadno46aboutanybanksaroundhereorwheretheywere47.Someonetoldmeaboutagoodbank:ContinentalFederalSavings.Iwenttothebankandmadedecisions48myself–whethertohaveacheckingorsavingsaccountand49ornotgetaMASTERcard.Thatwasoneexampleofhavingresponsibility50thatI’monmyownandofmakingmyowndecisions.Friendlypeople:that’sanotheraspectIlike51college.Onmyfirstday(andevennow)peoplewere52tome.IcametoMarymountUniversityhereinVirginia53NewYorkand–eventhoughI’dbeenherebefore–Iwasabit54aboutwhereIwasgoing.MymotherandIdrovein,55knowingthebuildingweweresupposedtogoto,andtheguardwas56nice:withasmile,hetolduswhatbuildingwewerelookingfor57wherewecouldparkourcar.MyroomwasonthefirstfloorofNewGerard,andIknewIhadtogo58someglassdoors–butmymotherandIdidn’tknowwhichones.59upperclassmensawmeandasked,“Areyouanewstudent?”Whentheyfound60IwaslookingforNewGerard,onesaid,“Oh,justfollowus;that’swherewe’regoing.”EvennowIfeelcomfortableinthedormbecausetherearefriendlypeoplearoundtotalkwith.a.aroundb.wherec.throughd.aboute.forf.decisiong.ath.somei.nicej.whetherk.moneyl.excellentm.timen.goo.sayp.handlingq.locatedr.outs.fromt.nowu.confusedv.notw.especiallyx.andy.clueIII.ReadingComprehension(25%)(Time:40minutes)Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Youhave40minutestoreadthemandanswerthe25questionsfollowingthesepassages.Questions61to66refertothepassagebelow:Whendopeopledecidewhetherornottheywanttobecomefriends?Duringtheirfirstfourminutestogether,accordingtoabookbyDr.LeonardZunin.Inhisbook,Contact:TheFirstFourMinutes,heoffersthisadvicetoanyoneinterestedinstartingnewfriendships:“Everytimeyoumeetsomeoneinasocialsituation,givehimyourundividedattentionforfourminutes.Alotofpeople’swholeliveswouldchangeiftheydidjustthat.”Youmayhavenoticedthattheaveragepersondoesnotgivehisundividedattentiontosomeonehehasjustmet.Hekeepslookingovertheotherperson’sshoulder,asifhopingtofindsomeonemoreinterestinginanotherpartoftheroom.Ifanyonehaseverdonethistoyou,youprobablydidnotlikehimverymuch.Whenweareintroducedtonewpeople,theauthorsuggests,weshouldtrytoappearfriendlyandself-confident.Ingeneral,hesays,“Peoplelikepeoplewholikethemselves.”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,weshouldnotmaketheotherpersonthinkwearetoosureofourselves.Itisimportanttoappearinterestedandsympathetic,realizingthattheotherpersonhashisownneeds,fears,andhopes.Hearingsuchadvice,onemightsay,“ButI’mnotafriendly,self-confidentperson.That’snotmynature.Itwouldbedishonestformetoactthatway.”Inreply,Dr.Zuninwouldclaimthatalittlepracticecanhelpusfeelcomfortableaboutchangingoursocialhabits.Wecanbecomeaccustomedtoanychangeswechoosetomakeinourpersonality.“It’slikegettingusedtoanewcar.Itmaybeunfamiliaratfirst,butitgoesmuchbetterthantheoldone.”Butisn’titdishonesttogivetheappearanceoffriendlyself-confidencewhenwedon’tactuallyfeelthatway?Perhaps,butaccordingtoDr.Zunin,“totalhonesty”isnotalwaysgoodforsocialrelationships,especiallyduringthefirstfewminutesofcontact.Thereisatimeforeverything,andacertainamountofplay-actingmaybebestforthefirstminutesofcontactwithastranger.Thatisnotthetimetocomplainaboutone’shealthortomentionfaultsonefindsinotherpeople.Itisnotthetimetotellthewholetruthaboutone’sopinionsandimpressions.Muchofwhathasbeensaidaboutstrangersalsoappliestorelationshipswithfamilymembersandfriends.Forahusbandandwifeoraparentandchild,problemsoftenariseduringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraftertheyhavebeenapart.Dr.Zuninsuggeststhatthesefirstfewminutestogetherbetreatedwithcare.Ifthereareunpleasantmatterstobediscussed,theyshouldbedealtwithlater.Theauthordeclaresthatinterpersonalrelationsshouldbetaughtasarequiredcourseineveryschool,alongwithreading,writing,andmathematics.Inhisopinion,successinlifedependsmainlyonhowwegetalongwithotherpeople.Thatisatleastasimportantashowmuchweknow.61.Whichofthefollowingcanbestbeusedasthetitleofthispassage?A.Dr.LeonardZuninB.TheFirstFourMinutesC.TactMoreImportantthanHonestyD.TotalHonestyNotAlwaysGood62.Dr.LeonardZuninismostlikelyanexpertin______.A.botanyB.biologyC.physiologyD.psychology63.AccordingtoDr.Zunin,tobesuccessfulinlife,onemust_______.A.maintainagoodrelationshipwithotherpeopleB.ignoreinterpersonalrelationsC.socializewithsuccessfulpeopleonlyD.notexpecttoomuchfromotherpeople64.Whenonemeetsnewpeople,heshouldmakethemfeelthathe_______.A.isacocksurepersonB.isbeingpoliteC.treatsthemlikefriendsD.canconfidehissecretstothem65.“Thereisatimeforeverything”means“________”.A.OneshoulddoallthingsinthesamewayinallsituationsB.EverythingisOKifyouknowhowtodoitC.AnythingmayhappenD.NothingisOKforalloccasions66.Whatistherightthingtodowhenwemeetastranger?A.ShowingtotalhonestyB.Doingsomeplay-actingC.Complainingaboutone’shealthD.PointingoutthefaultsinhimQuestions67-72refertothefollowingpassage:Mostpeoplefeelstressatsometimeintheirlives.Somepeoplelikethispressureandworkbetterbecauseofit.Otherpeoplearenotcomfortablewithanystressatall;theysoonbecomeunhappyiftheyfeelstress.Sometimesstresscanleadpeopletodothingstheywouldn’tusuallydo,suchasovereat,smoke,drink,orusedrugs.Stress,however,isaverynormalpartoflife.Itisimportanttounderstandthatstressdoesn’tcomefromaneventitself;thatis,fromthethingsthatarehappeninginourlives.Itcomesfromthemeaningwegivetowhathashappened.Forexample,acryingbabymaybestressfultoonepersonwhileanotherpersonmaybeabletostaycalm.Wecanexperiencestressanytimewefeelwedon’thavecontrol.Itcancomefromafeelingthatwecan’tdoanythingaboutasituation.Basically,itisthebody’swayofshowinganxietyorworry.Stressisnotjustcausedbyourmentaloremotionalcondition.Itisalsoinfluencedbyhowtiredweare,whetherwehaveabalanceddietwithenoughvitaminsandminerals,whetherwegetenoughphysicalexercise,andwhetherwecanrelax.Thepointatwhichstressbecomesaproblemchangesfromdaytoday,evenforthesameperson.Insomesituations,ifwearerestedandfeelgoodaboutourselves,alittlestresswillnotbeaproblem.Inanothersituation,ifwearetiredorfeelunsureaboutourabilities,evenasmallamountofstresscancauseproblems.Forexample,wemightbegintoworryaboutthingsthathaven’thappenedyetinsteadofworkingonthingsthatarehappeningnow,orwemightnotfeelabletofindsolutionstoeverydayproblems.Ifwefeelstressed,thereareseveralthingsthatwecando.First,weneedtolearnhowtorelaxandbreatheslowlyandsmoothly.Wecanalsotakesometimeoutofourworried,busyscheduletonoticethesmallthingsinlife.Smelltheair,lookattheflowers,noticethesmalldesignsintheleavesonatreetheseactivitiescandomuchtoquietusandtogiveourselvesasmallbreakinabusyschedule.Weneedtotakecareofourbodies.Beingtiredmakesiteasierforustogetsickandtodevelopphysicalproblemsrelatedtostress.Weneedtogetenoughrest,eatwell,anddosomeregularexercise.Scientistshavefoundthatforourmindstothinkclearly,ourbodiesneedtohavecertainvitaminsandminerals;someofthemostimportantvitaminsaretheB-complexvitamins.Doingregularexerciseisalsoaphysicalwaytoletgoofangryfeelingsorfeelingsofhelplessness.Finally,weneedtofindwhatiscausingthestressinourlives.Oncewehavefoundit,weneedtobegintochangethatpartofourlives.Ifwebelievethatwecancontrolstress,wecanbegintocontrolourlives.Thenwecanstarttousestressinapositiveway.67.Thispassagemainlytellsus________.A.whatstressisB.howwecancontrolstressC.whoexperiencestressD.whystressishardtobear68.Accordingtotheauthor,stress________.A.ifproperlyviewedandtreated,canbecomeagoodthingB.willdefinitelyruinourlivesC.,thoughusuallynotfatal,isanincurablediseaseD.isnothingtoworryabout69.“Themeaningwegivetowhathashappened”means_______.A.significanceweattachtowhathashappenedtousB.theefforttodomeaningfulthingsC.ourattitudetowardsthingsweencounterD.thehappeningsaroundus70.WhatisNOTthecauseofstress?A.Abalanceddiet.B.Anemotionalcondition.C.Fatigue.D.Noexercise.71.WhatisNOTtherightthingtodoifwefeelstressed?A.Slowingdownourwork.B.TakingB-complexvitaminpills.C.Findingthecauseofstress.D.Ignoringtheproblem.72.Fromthispassagewecaninferthat________.A.copingwithstressisalosingbattleB.stressiscausedbytheabsenceofacertainchemicalinthebrainC.infantsneverfeelstressedD.stressisaconditioneveryonemustreckonwithQuestions73-78refertothepassagethatfollows:Muchofananimal’sbehaviourdependsonwhatitinheritsfromitsparents,thatis,oninstincts.Thesedonotchangeaccordingtocircumstances.Behaviourwhichislearned,ontheotherhand,doesvaryandcanadapttodifferentconditions.Allanimalscanlearn,butlearningiseasierforsomespeciesthanforothers.Wormsandoctopuses,forexamples,learnmuchmoreslowlythanmice.Somespecies(chimpanzees,gorillasandelephants,forinstance)arefamousfortheirabilitytolearnandtoremember.Andinterestinglyinallspecies,includingmanofcourse,learningiseasierforsomethanforothers.I.P.Pavlov(18491936),afamousRussianscientist,foundthatdogsassociatedthesoundofabellwithfoodiftheyalwaysreceivedfoodafterhearingabell.Ofcourse,whentheyseefood,mostanimalssalivate.Pavlovdiscoveredthat,afteratime,salivatingoccurredwhenthedogsheardthebell,eveniftherewasnofood.Thiswasbecauseconditioninghadtakenplace.Hecalledthiskindofreactionaconditionedreflex.However,Pavlovalsofoundthattheeffectofconditioningdisappearedgraduallyiftherewasnoreward(thatis,thedogsstoppedsalivatingifonmanyoccasionsthebellrangbutnofoodfollowed).Thisshowedthatreinforcingtheanimals’conditionedbehaviourwasveryimportant.Learningthroughconditionedreflexesisnottheonlykindoflearningthatanimalsarecapableof.Inlaboratoryexperimentswithrats,forinstance,ithasbeenprovedthatthosewhicharebroughtupinavery“l(fā)imited”(boring)environmentfinditmoredifficulttolearnthingslaterthanthosewhicharebroughtupin“stimulating”environments,withmorethingstodo(likeclimbingladders,exploringtunnels,etc.).Itseemsthat,asJulianHuxleysaid,“Captivitycagesmindsaswellasbodies”.Thenthereisthequestionofintelligence.Somespeciescanrecognisecolours(bees,forexample),somecanrecognisenumbers,andsome(suchaschimpanzees)candoquitecomplicatedtasks,whileothers(likethefamouselephantthat“neverforgets”)candistinguishandrememberhundredsofdifferentcommands.Someanimals,especiallychimpanzeesandgorillas,cansolveproblemswhicharenewforthemand,usingdifferentkindsofcodes,caneven“speak”tothescientistsstudyingthem,usingsignlanguage.Infact,manyanimalscancommunicate,buttheycannotreallyspeak.Theyarephysicallyincapableofdoingso.Humanbeingshavebeenabletospeakforthousandsofyears,andspeakingmaybethemostimportantelementinlearning.Certainly,ithashelpedmantodistinguishhimselffromotherspecies.73.Whichstatementbestsumsupthecontentofthispassage?A.Onlyhumanbeingscanspeak.B.Chimpanzees,gorillasandelephantsareclevererthanotheranimals.C.Animalslearninmanyways.D.Pavlovmadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofbiology.74.Animals’instinctandbehaviour________.A.arevirtuallyoneandthesamethingB.aredifferentinthattheformerisnotpossessedbyallspeciesC.aresimilarbecausetheybothchangewiththeenvironmentD.aredifferentinthatoneisinheritedandtheotherlearned75.WhichstatementisNOTtrue?A.Someanimalslearnmoreeasilythanothers.B.Animalsofthesamespecieslearnwithexactlythesameease.C.Somechimpanzeeslearnfasterthanothers.D.Micecanlearnfasterthanmanyotheranimals.76.Pavlov’sexperimenttellsusthat_________.A.dogscanlinkfoodwithacertainsignalB.dogscansalivatemoreeasilythanotheranimalsC.conditionedreflexexistsonlyindogsD.thebell’ssoundmadethedogssalivate77.Thesentence“Captivitycagesmindsaswellasbodies”tellsusthat________.A.cagesareoftenusedtokeepanimalsincaptivityB.cagesslowlykilltheanimalsincaptivityC.cagedanimalshatelifeincaptivityD.cagedanimalsarephysicallyandmentallyweaker78.Whichstatementistrue?A.Animalscannotspeak,owingtotheconstitutionoftheirbodies.B.Animalscanbeunderstoodbyallotheranimals.C.Allanimalscancommunicatewithhumanbeings.D.Animalscannotspeak,becausetheyhavenochancetolearnto.Questions79-85refertothepassagebelow:Amanisdrivingdownalong,straightArizonahighway.Suddenlyhestartstodriftacrosstotheothersideoftheroad.Anoncomingtruckflashesitsheadlightsandhootsfuriously,buttonoavail.Thereisasickeningcrash;thetruckendsuphalfofftheroad,thedriverofthecardies.TheArizonahighwaypolice,whoarriveonthesceneshortlyafterwards,immediatelyaskalltheobviousquestions.Drink?No.Drugs?No,thepost-mortemshowednoevidenceofdrugs.Medicine?No,hiswifewassurehehadnotbeentakinganymedicinewhichmighthaveaffectedhim.Sleep?No,hehadsleptsevenandahalfhoursthenightbefore,andanywayhewasanexperiencedhighwaydriver.Theweather?No,itwasamildautumnday.Thecar?Asfarasthepolicecouldtell,thecarhadbeeningoodmechanicalcondition.Therewasonething,though:itwasanewcar,andthemanhadneverdrivenitbefore.Sowhathadcausedtheaccident?Infra-soundissoundthatthehumanearcannothear,asitcannotpickupvibrationsbelowaboutthirtycyclesasecond(oraboveabout22000).Amotorvehiclerunningsteadilyatspeedproducesaudiblesound,butitalsoproducesinfra-sound,atbetweentenandtwentycyclespersecond.Thissoundcannotbeheardbutitcanaffectus.TheBritishAcousticalSocietyhasrecentlystatedthat,dependingonthecar,theroadsurfaceandthepersonconcerned,thisinfra-soundcanproduce“euphoria,recklessness,lowerefficiencyanddizziness”.Youcanbecomeliterally“drunkwithsound”.WasthatwhathappenedtothemanontheArizonahighway?Perhapsinhiscase,weshallneverknow.Infactinfra-soundcanbeextremelydangeroustothebody,asProfessorGavreauofMarseillesrecentlydiscovered.Hewantedtoinvestigatelow-frequencysound,andrealisedthatanordinaryFrenchgendarme’swhistleproducesplentyofinfra-sound.Hethereforebuiltahugecopyofapolicewhistle,sixfeetlong,andconnectedittoanair-compressor.Theresultsweremoresurprisingthanheexpected:theoperatorwhoswitcheditondroppeddeadonthespot.Apost-mortemexaminationshowedthathisinternalorganshadbeenreducedtoajellybythelow-frequencyvibrations.Afterthat,Gavreauworkedmorecarefully.Evenso,inhissecondtesthebrokeeverywindowineverybuildingwithinhalfamileofthetestsite.Low-frequencyvibrationscanbedetectedseveralminutesbeforeanearthquake.Peoplewholiveinearthquakezonesareawarethatdogsoftenstarttohowlbeforeanearthquake,andseismographsconfirmthatwhatthedogscansenseisreallyoccurring,thoughhumansareunawareofit.Waterisparticularlysensitivetolowfrequencyvibrations,andgoldfishmaybethefirstinhabitantsofahousetobeawarethatanearthquakeiscoming.TheJapanese,wholiveontopofasystemoffracturesandfaults,arefamiliarwiththisphenomenon,andoftenkeepgoldfishintheirhouses;whenthefishstartswimmingfranticallyabout,itistimetolookforasafeplacewellawayfromalargebuilding!Ithasevenbeenclaimedthatsomeanimalsbecomeawareofearthtremorsasmuchasseveralhoursbeforetheyareobservedbyhumanbeings,andthatrabbitsanddeerhavebeenseenrunninginterrorfromwhatafterwardsturnsouttobetheepicenterofanearthquake.Moreresearchwillbeneededbeforewearesurehowinfra-soundcanbeused,buttwothingsarealreadyclear:theinformationitprovidesmaybevital,andinfra-sounditselfcanbedangerous.79.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?A.UnusualVibrationsB.Infra-SoundC.Prof.Gavreau’sDiscoveryD.TheCauseofEarthquakes80.“Tonoavail“(inline3)means_________.A.“nouse”B.“notheard”C.“notseen”D.“notheeded”81.A“postmortem”isanexaminationofthebody________.A.seriouslywoundedB.injuredinaroadaccidentC.injuredinanyaccidentD.afterdeath82.Fromthesecondparagraphweknowthat_________.A.infra-soundcausedthecrashmentionedaboveB.infra-soundissoundmadebyvibrationsbelow30cyclesasecondC.thehumanearcanpickupinfra-soundD.thehumanearcannothearvibrationsof30—20000cyclespersecond83.ThetwotestsconductedbyProfGavreaushowthat________.A.infra-soundwillkillallofussoonerorlaterB.tallbuildingscanbeleveledtothegroundbyinfra-soundC.alllow-frequencyvibrationsbringdisastersD.low-frequencyvibrationscanbedestructive84.WhichremarkisNOTtrue?A.Someanimalsbehaveabnormallybeforeanearthquake.B.Low-frequencyvibrationsoftencausewaterleveltoriseorfall.C.Rabbitsanddeerwouldrushtowardstheepicenterofanearthquake.D.Goldfishreactviolentlytolow-frequencyvibrations.85.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Wecanneverputinfra-soundtouse.B.Scientistsalreadyknowalotaboutinfra-s