國(guó)際港口介紹中英課件

Portwelcomeeveryone

Whatisaport?

港口是具有水陸聯(lián)運(yùn)設(shè)備和條件，供船舶安全進(jìn)出和停泊的運(yùn)輸樞紐。是水陸交通的集結(jié)點(diǎn)和樞紐，工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品和外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口物資的集散地，船舶停泊、裝卸貨物、上下旅客、補(bǔ)充給養(yǎng)的場(chǎng)所。由于港口是聯(lián)系內(nèi)陸腹地和海洋運(yùn)輸(國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸)的一個(gè)天然界面，因此，人們也把港口作為國(guó)際物流的一個(gè)特殊結(jié)點(diǎn)。Aportisalocationonacoastorshorecontainingoneormoreharborswhereshipscandockandtransferpeopleorcargotoorfromland.Portlocationsareselectedtooptimize(使···完善)

accesstolandandnavigablewater,forcommercialdemand,andforshelter（庇護(hù)所）fromwindandwaves.Portswithdeeperwaterarerarer,butcanhandlelarger,moreeconomicalships.Sinceportsthroughouthistoryhandledeverykindoftraffic,supportandstoragefacilitiesvarywidely,mayextendformiles,anddominatethelocaleconomy.Someportshaveanimportantmilitaryrole.Theclassificationofport（1）基本港(BasePort)是運(yùn)價(jià)表現(xiàn)定班輪公司的船一般要定期掛靠的港口。大多數(shù)為位于中心的較大口岸，港口設(shè)備條件比較好，貨載多而穩(wěn)定。規(guī)定為基本港口就不再限制貨量。運(yùn)往基本港口的貨物一般均為直達(dá)運(yùn)輸，無(wú)需中途轉(zhuǎn)船。但有時(shí)也因貨量太少，船方?jīng)Q定中途轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，由船方自行安排，承擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)船費(fèi)用。按基本港口運(yùn)費(fèi)率向貨方收取運(yùn)費(fèi)，不得加收轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi)或直航附加費(fèi)。并應(yīng)簽發(fā)直達(dá)提單。（2）非基本港(Non-BasePort)凡基本港口以外的港口都稱(chēng)為非基本港口。非基本港口一般除按基本港口收費(fèi)外，還需另外加收轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi)。達(dá)到一定貨量時(shí)則改為加收直航附加費(fèi)。例如新幾內(nèi)亞航線的侯尼阿臘港(HONIARA)，便是所羅門(mén)群島的基本港口；而基埃塔港(KIETA)，則是非基本港口。運(yùn)往基埃塔港口的貨物運(yùn)費(fèi)率要在侯尼阿臘運(yùn)費(fèi)率的基礎(chǔ)上增加轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi)43.00美元(USD)/FT。

Theclassificationofport按所處位置(Location)分，有河口港、海港和河港等河口港（estuaryharbour）位于河流入?？诨蚴艹毕绊懙暮涌诙蝺?nèi)，可兼為海船和河船服務(wù)。一般有大城市作依托，水陸交通便利，內(nèi)河水道往往深入內(nèi)地廣闊的經(jīng)濟(jì)腹地，承擔(dān)大量的貨流量，故世界上許多大港都建在河口附近，如鹿特丹港、倫敦港、紐約港、列寧格勒港、上海港等。河口港的特點(diǎn)是，碼頭設(shè)施沿河岸布置，離海不遠(yuǎn)而又不需建防波堤，如岸線長(zhǎng)度不夠，可增設(shè)挖入式港池。

Introduction海港（harbour）位于海岸、海灣或?yàn)a湖內(nèi)，也有離開(kāi)海岸建在深水海面上的。位于開(kāi)敞海面岸邊或天然掩護(hù)不足的海灣內(nèi)的港口，通常須修建相當(dāng)規(guī)模的防波堤，如大連港、青島港、連云港、基隆港、意大利的熱那亞港等。供巨型油輪或礦石船靠泊的單點(diǎn)或多點(diǎn)系泊碼頭和島式碼頭屬于無(wú)掩護(hù)的外海海港，如利比亞的卜拉加港、黎巴嫩的西頓港等。瀉湖被天然沙嘴完全或部分隔開(kāi)，開(kāi)挖運(yùn)河或拓寬、浚深航道后，可在瀉湖岸邊建港，如廣西北海港。也有完全靠天然掩護(hù)的大型海港，如東京港、香港港、澳大利亞的悉尼港等。

Introduction

河港（riverport）位于天然河流或人工運(yùn)河上的港口，包括湖泊港和水庫(kù)港。湖泊港和水庫(kù)港水面寬闊，有時(shí)風(fēng)浪較大，因此同海港有許多相似處，如往往需修建防波堤等。蘇聯(lián)古比雪夫、齊姆良斯克等大型水庫(kù)上的港口和中國(guó)洪澤湖上的小型港口均屬此類(lèi)進(jìn)港航道(approachchannel)進(jìn)港航道要保證船舶安全方便地進(jìn)出港口，必須有足夠的深度和寬度、適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?、方向和彎道曲率半徑，避免?qiáng)烈的橫風(fēng)、橫流和嚴(yán)重淤積，盡量降低航道的開(kāi)辟和維護(hù)費(fèi)用。當(dāng)港口位于深水岸段，低潮或低水位時(shí)天然水深已足夠船舶航行需要時(shí)，無(wú)須人工開(kāi)挖航道，但要標(biāo)志出船舶出入港口的最安全方便路線。如果不能滿足上述條件并要求船舶隨時(shí)都能進(jìn)出港口，則須開(kāi)挖人工航道。人工航道分單向航道和雙向航道。大型船舶的航道寬度為80～300米，小型船舶的為50～60米。錨泊地（anchoringberthORanchoragearea）錨泊地指有天然掩護(hù)或人工掩護(hù)條件能抵御強(qiáng)風(fēng)浪的水域，船舶可在此錨泊、等待靠泊碼頭或離開(kāi)港口。如果港口缺乏深水碼頭泊位，也可在此進(jìn)行船轉(zhuǎn)船的水上裝卸作業(yè)。內(nèi)河駁船船隊(duì)還可在此進(jìn)行編、解隊(duì)和換拖(輪)作業(yè)。港池（dockbasin）港池指直接和港口陸域毗連，供船舶靠離碼頭、臨時(shí)停舶和調(diào)頭的水域。港池按構(gòu)造形式分，有開(kāi)敞式港池、封閉式港池和挖入式港池。港池尺度應(yīng)根據(jù)船舶尺度、船舶靠離碼頭方式、水流和風(fēng)向的影響及調(diào)頭水域布置等確定。開(kāi)敞式港池內(nèi)不設(shè)閘門(mén)或船閘，水面隨水位變化而升降。封閉式港池池內(nèi)設(shè)有閘門(mén)或船閘，用以控制水位，適用于潮差較大的地區(qū)。挖入式港池在岸地上開(kāi)挖而成，多用于岸線長(zhǎng)度不足，地形條件適宜的地方。

Theequipmentofaport陸上設(shè)備包括間歇作業(yè)的裝卸機(jī)械設(shè)備（門(mén)座式、輪胎式、汽車(chē)式、橋式及集裝箱起重機(jī)、卸車(chē)機(jī)等）、連續(xù)作業(yè)的裝卸機(jī)械設(shè)備（帶式輸送機(jī)、斗式提升機(jī)、壓縮空氣和水力輸送式裝置及泵站等）、供電照明設(shè)備、通訊設(shè)備、給水排水設(shè)備、防火設(shè)備等。港內(nèi)陸上運(yùn)輸機(jī)械設(shè)備包括火車(chē)、載重汽車(chē)、自行式搬運(yùn)車(chē)及管道輸送設(shè)備等。水上裝卸運(yùn)輸機(jī)械設(shè)備包括起重船、拖輪、駁船及其他港口作業(yè)船、水下輸送管道等。

Technicalfeature主要有港口水深、碼頭泊位數(shù)、碼頭線長(zhǎng)度、港口陸域高程等港口水深(harbourdepth)碼頭泊位數(shù)(Numberofberth)碼頭線長(zhǎng)度(Terminallinelength)港口陸域高程(landareaelevation)

Addition水工建筑物（hydraulicstructure）

一般包括防波堤、碼頭、修船和造船水工建筑物。進(jìn)出港船舶的導(dǎo)航設(shè)施（航標(biāo)、燈塔等）和港區(qū)護(hù)岸也屬于港口水工建筑物的范圍。防波堤（breakwater）碼頭（wharf）修船和造船水工建筑物（hydraulicstructureofShiprepairingandshipbuilding）航標(biāo)（navigationmark）燈塔（LighthouseORbeacon）港區(qū)護(hù)岸（Portrevetment）

碼頭結(jié)構(gòu)形式有重力式、高樁式和板樁式。主要根據(jù)使用要求、自然條件和施工條件綜合考慮確定。①重力式碼頭?？拷ㄖ镒灾睾徒Y(jié)構(gòu)范圍的填料重量保持穩(wěn)定，結(jié)構(gòu)整體性好，堅(jiān)固耐用，損壞后易于修復(fù)，有整體砌筑式和預(yù)制裝配式，適用于較好的地基。②高樁碼頭。由基樁和上部結(jié)構(gòu)組成，樁的下部打入土中，上部高出水面，上部結(jié)構(gòu)有梁板式、無(wú)梁大板式、框架式和承臺(tái)式等。高樁碼頭屬透空式結(jié)構(gòu)，波浪和水流可在碼頭平面以下通過(guò)，對(duì)波浪不發(fā)生反射，不影響泄洪，并可減少淤積，適用于軟土地基。近年來(lái)廣泛采用長(zhǎng)樁、大跨結(jié)構(gòu)，并逐步用大型預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管柱或鋼管柱代替斷面較小的樁，而成為管柱碼頭。③板樁碼頭。由板樁墻和錨碇設(shè)施組成，并借助板樁和錨碇設(shè)施承受地面使用荷載和墻后填土產(chǎn)生的側(cè)壓力。板樁碼頭結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，施工速度快，除特別堅(jiān)硬或過(guò)于軟弱的地基外，均可采用，但結(jié)構(gòu)整體性和耐久性較差。鹿特丹港（rotterdamport）Rotterdamisthesecond-largestcityintheNetherlandsandoneofthelargestportsintheworld.Startingasadam（大壩）constructedin1270ontheRotteRiver,Rotterdamhasgrownintoamajorinternationalcommercialcentre（商業(yè)中心）.Itsstrategic（戰(zhàn)略的）locationattheRhine（萊茵河）-Meuse（墨茲河）-Scheldt（斯凱爾特河）delta（三角洲）ontheNorthSeaandattheheartofamassive（大規(guī)模）rail,road,airandinlandwaterwaydistributionsystemextendingthroughoutEuropeisthereasonthatRotterdamisoftencalledthe"GatewaytoEurope".IntheprovinceofSouthHolland,RotterdamisinthewestofNetherlandsandthesouthoftheRandstad.Thepopulationofthecitywas616,250onFebruary1,2012.ThepopulationofthegreaterRotterdamarea,called"Rotterdam-Rijnmond（地區(qū)）"orjust"Rijnmond",isapproximately1.3million.RotterdamisoneofEurope'smostvibrant,multiculturalcities;knownforitsuniversity(Erasmus),cutting-edge（尖端）architecture,livelyculturallife,strikingriversidesetting,itsmaritimeheritage（傳統(tǒng)）andtheRotterdamBlitz（閃電）.ThelargestportinEuropeandoneofthebusiestportsintheworld,theportofRotterdamwastheworld'sbusiestportfrom1962to2004,whenitwassurpassedbyShanghai.Rotterdam'scommercialandstrategicimportanceisbasedonitslocationnearthemouthoftheNieuweMaas(NewMeuse),achannelinthedeltaformedbytheRhineandMeuseontheNorthSea.TheseriversleaddirectlyintothecentreofEurope,includingtheindustrialRuhrregion（魯爾區(qū)）.Rotterdamiscurrentlybidding（投標(biāo)）tohostthe2018SummerYouthOlympics.BeautifulrotterdamTheErasmusBridgeacrosstheMeuseFlagLocationofRotterdam南安普頓港口（Southamptonport）Theaveragetidalrange（平均潮差）isapproximately5feet,with17hoursperdayofrisingwaterthanksto（由于）theport's"doubletides".Theseallowthelargestcontainerandcruiseshipsaccesstotheportforupto（多達(dá)）80percentofthetime,accordingtothecontainerterminaloperatorDPWorldSouthampton.Acommonmisconception（常識(shí)錯(cuò)誤）isthatthedoubletideiscausedby'onetide（潮汐）comingupeachsideoftheIsleofWight'.However,theeffectisactuallycausedasaresultoftidalflowthroughtheEnglishChannel.HightideatoneendoftheChannel(Dover)occursatthesametimeaslowtideattheotherend(Land'sEnd).Pointsnearthecentrehaveonehighwaterasthetidalswell（隆起）goesfromlefttoright,anotherasitthengoesfromrighttoleft,makingtwoforeachoneateitherend,neitherashighastheoneateachendBeautifulSouthamptonTheUnitedKingdomLocation

ThePortofKarachiisoneoftheSouthAsia'slargestandbusiestseaport,handlingabout60%ofthenation'scargo(25milliontonsperannum(每年))locatedinkarachiPakistan.ItislocatedbetweentheKarachitownsofKiamariandSaddar,closetothemainbusinessdistrictandseveralindustrialareas.Thegeographicposition（地理位置）oftheportplacesitincloseproximity（臨近）tomajorshippingroutessuchastheStraitofHormuz（霍爾木茲海峽）.Theadministration（管理）oftheportiscarriedoutbytheKarachiPortTrust（卡拉奇港務(wù)局）,whichwasestablishedinthenineteenthcentury.ThePortofKarachi(卡拉奇港口)PortofMiami（邁阿密港）TheDanteB.FascellPortofMiamiisaseaportlocatedinBiscayneBay（比斯坎灣）inMiami,Florida,UnitedStates.ItisconnectedtoDowntownMiamibyPortBoulevard（大馬路）,abridgeovertheIntracoastalWaterway（近岸內(nèi)航道）.TheportislocatedonDodgeIsland（道奇島）,whichisthecombinationofthreehistoricislands（歷史性島嶼）(Dodge,LummusandSam'sIslands)thathavesincebeencombinedintoone.Itisnamedinhonorof（向···致敬）FloridaCongressmanDanteFascell.Asof2011,thePortofMiamiaccountsfor176,000jobsandhasanannualeconomicimpact（經(jīng)濟(jì)影響）inMiamiof$18billion.Itisthe11thlargestcargocontainerportintheUnitedStates.In2010,arecord4.33millionpassengerstraveledthroughthePortofMiami.Oneinsevenofalltheworld’scruisepassengersstartfromMiami

HotMiamiA

erialview（鳥(niǎo)瞰圖）ofthePortofMiamiTheUnitedStatesTypeofharbor

Natural/ArtificialPortDirector

BillJohnsonVesselarrivals

2,489Annualcargotonnage

7.42millionPassengertraffic（客流量）

4.33millionAnnualrevenue

$94.70millionPortMetroVancouver（溫哥華港）PortMetroVancouverisanon-shareholder（股票持有人）,financially（財(cái)政上）

self-sufficient（自給自足）corporation,establishedbytheGovernmentofCanadainJanuary2008,pursuantto（根據(jù)）theCanadaMarineAct,andaccountable（有責(zé)任的）tothefederalMinisterofTransport（聯(lián)邦交通運(yùn)輸部部長(zhǎng)）.Itistheprincipalauthority（主要權(quán)威）forshippingandport-relatedlandandseauseintheMetroVancouverregion（地區(qū)；范圍）.In2010,itwasthelargestportbytonnageinCanadaandthefourthlargestinNorthAmerica.

gorgeousVancouverFounded

Amalgamation

January1,2008Formerauthorities（前政府）priortoamalgamation-PortofVancouver-NorthFraserPortAuthority-FraserRiverPortAuthorityMajormarineterminals

28,includingautomobile（汽車(chē)）(2),breakbulk（雜貨）(2),bulk（散裝）(19),containers(4)andcruise(2)Annualcontainervolume

2.2millionTEUAnnualcargotonnage

102millionmetricrevenuetonsCruise

traffic

898,473passengers256

sailingsPresidentandCEO

RobinSilvester

ThePortofMontreal（蒙特利爾港）ThePortofMontreal,isaportlocatedinMontreal,Quebec,（魁北克）Canada,ontheStLawrenceriver.Itisoneofthelargestinlandportsintheworld,itisthesecondbusiestportinCanada,anditisoneofthebusiestportsinNorthAmerica.ItisalsotheentrypointtoothermajorcitiessuchasToronto,DetroitandCleveland.Ithandles26,000,000tonnes(28,660,094shorttons;25,589,370longtons)ofcargoannually.Itremainsatrans-shipmentpointforgrain,sugar,petroleumproducts,machinery,andconsumergoods（生活消費(fèi)品）.Forthisreason,MontrealisalsotherailwayhubofCanada.In1964,theCanadianCoastGuardbegantouseicebreakers（破冰船）tokeepthenavigationchannelopen,firstandforemost（首要的）asanenvironmentalmeasuredesignedtoprotectriversidecommunitiesfromspringfloodscausedbyicejams（冰塞）,butalsoallowingwinternavigationintheport.Theportispreparingtobuildandoperateanew$500-million(U.S.)containerfacility,andhasopenedanofficeinChicagotopromoteitsadvantagesinservingtheU.S.Midwest

HelloMontreal！Majormarineterminals

4Vesselarrivals

2,039(FY2010)Annualcontainervolume

1,331,351twenty-footequivalentunits(TEU)

Annualcargotonnage

25,919,667t(28,571,542shorttons;25,510,305longtons)revenuetonsCruisetraffic

40,142passengersPresidentandCEO

SylvieVachon

Limassol（利馬索爾）LimassolorLemesosisthesecond-largestcityinCyprus,withapopulationof235,056(2011).Itisthelargestcityingeographicalsize（地理大?。?andthebiggestmunicipalityontheisland.ThecityislocatedonAkrotiriBay,ontheisland'ssoutherncoastanditisthecapitalofLimassolDistrict.LimassolisthebiggestCypriotportintheMediterraneantransittrade（過(guò)境貿(mào)易）.Ithasalsobecomeoneofthemostimportanttourism,tradeandservice-providingcentresinthearea.Limassolisrenownedforitslongculturaltradition,andishometotheCyprusUniversityofTechnology.Awidespectrum（范圍）ofactivitiesandanumberofmuseumsandarchaeologicalsites（考古遺址）areavailabletotheinterestedvisitor.Consequently（因此）,Limassolattractsawiderangeoftouristsmostlyduringanextendedsummerseasontobe

accommodatedinawiderangeofhotelsandapartments.Alargemarina（碼頭）iscurrentlybeingconstructedneartheoldtown.Limassolwasbuiltbetweentwoancientcities,AmathusandKourion,soduringByzantinerule（拜占庭規(guī)則）itwasknownasNeapolis(newtown).Limassol'stouriststrip（旅游帶）nowrunseastalongthecoastasfarasAmathus（可見(jiàn)）.TothewestofthecityistheAkrotiriSovereignBaseArea,partoftheBritishOverseasTerritoryofAkrotiriandDhekelia.

star-studdedLimassolViewoftheport

Location

FlagoftheareaPopulation235,056ThePortofBarcelona（巴塞羅那港）ThePortofBarcelonahasa2000-yearhistoryandgreatcontemporary（當(dāng)代）commercialimportance.ItisCatalonia（加泰羅尼亞）'slargestport,vyingwith（和···競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）Tarragona(塔納戈拉),andEurope'sninthlargestcontainerport,withatradevolumeof2.57millionTEU'sin2008.ItisalsooneofthemostimportantportsintheMediterranean.TheportismanagedbythePortAuthorityofBarcelona.Its7.86km2aredividedintothreezones:PortVell(theOldPort),thecommercial/industrialportandthelogistics（后勤）port(BarcelonaFreePort).Theportisundergoing（經(jīng)歷）anenlargement（擴(kuò)大）thatwilldoubleitssizebydiverting（使轉(zhuǎn)移）themouthoftheLlobregatriver2kmtothesouth,andslightlypushingbacktheLlobregatDeltaNatureReserve（自然保護(hù)區(qū)）.

passionateBarcelonaViewofthePortofBarcelonaLandarea

10.653squarekilometres

Vesselarrivals 8,182vessels

Annualcargotonnage

41,968,000tonnesAnnualcontainervolume

1,945,733TEU'sPassengertraffic

1,096,515-totalflagVishakhapatnam（維沙卡帕特）VisakhapatnamisaportcityonthesoutheastcoastofIndia.Withapopulationof1,730,520,itisthesecond-largestcityinthestateofAndhraPradesh(afterHyderabad（海德拉巴）)andthethird-largestcityontheeastcoast(afterChennai（金奈）andKolkata（加爾各答）).Visakhapatnamislocated625kilometreseastofthestatecapital,Hyderabad.Thecityishometoseveralstate-ownedheavyindustriesandasteelplant（鋼鐵廠）;itisoneofIndia'slargestseaportsandhasthecountry'soldestshipyard.VisakhapatnamhastheonlynaturalharbourontheeastcoastofIndia.Thecitywasnamedafter（以···命名）Visakha,theHindugodofvalor（印度勇猛之神）.Itisnestledamong（坐落在）thehillsoftheEasternGhats（東高止山脈）andfacestheBayofBengalontheeast.VisakhapatnamistheadministrativeheadquartersofVisakhapatnamdistrictandheadquartersoftheEasternNavalCommandoftheIndianNavy.VisakhapatnamhasanicknameTheCityofDestiny[2]and,morerecently,theGoaoftheEastCoast.Likeitswest-coastcounterpartitoffersattractivebeaches,lateritehillocksandapleasinglandscape.Itisalsoafocusofurbanandtouristdevelopment.

silentVishakhapatnamAerialviewofVisakhapatnamNickname:TheCityofDestinyAreaTotal544km2Elevation（海拔）

5mPopulation

Total 1,730,320Density 3,240/km2

TheflagofIndiaPortofPiraeus（比雷埃夫斯港）PiraeusisaportcityintheregionofAttica（阿提卡）,Greece.PiraeusislocatedwithintheAthensUrbanArea（城市地區(qū)）,12kmsouthwestfromitscitycenter(municipality（市區(qū)）ofAthens),andliesalongtheeastcoastoftheSaronicGulf（塞隆尼克灣）.Accordingtothe2001census（人口普查）,Piraeushadapopulationof175,697peoplewithinitsadministrativelimits（行政限制）,makingitthethirdlargestmunicipalityinGreeceandthesecondlargestwithintheurbanareaoftheGreekcapital（希臘首都）,followingthemunicipalityofAthens.ThemunicipalityofPiraeusandseveralothersuburbanmunicipalities（郊區(qū)）withintheregionalunitofPiraeusformthewiderPiraeusUrbanAreaorGreaterPiraeus,withatotalpopulationof466,065.PortofPiraeus（比雷埃夫斯港）Piraeushasalongrecordedhistory,datingtoancientGreece.Thecitywaslargelydevelopedintheearly5thcenturyBC（公元前）,whenitwasselectedtoserveastheportcityofclassicalAthensandwastransformedintoaprototypeharbour（原型港口）,concentratingalltheimport（進(jìn)口）

andtransittrade（過(guò)境貿(mào)易）ofAthens.Consequently（因此）,itbecamethechiefharbourofancientGreece,butdeclined（衰退）graduallyafterthe4thcenturyAD,growingoncemoreinthe19thcentury,especiallyafterAthens'declaration（宣言）asthecapitalofGreece.Inthemodernera,Piraeusisalargecity,bustling（繁華的）withactivityandanintegralpart（主要部分）

ofAthens,actingashometothecountry'sbiggestharbourandbearingallthecharacteristicsofahugemarineandcommercial-industrialcentre.TheportofPiraeusisthechiefportinGreece,thelargestpassengerportinEurope

andthethirdlargestintheworld,servicingabout20millionpassengersannually.Withathroughputof1.4millionTEUs,PiraeusisplacedamongthefirsttenportsincontainertrafficinEuropeandthetopcontainerportintheEasternMediterranean.Thecityhostedevents（活動(dòng)；事項(xiàng)）inboththe1896and2004SummerOlympicsheldinAthens.

graceful

PiraeusViewofMikrolimano,PiraeusPopulation:

466,065-Area: 50.417km2-Density:9,244/km2

PortofDover（多佛港）ThePortofDoveristhecross-channelport（跨海峽港口）situated（位于）inDover,Kent（肯特）,south-eastEngland.ItisthenearestEnglishporttoFrance,atjust34kilometresaway,andoneofEurope'slargestpassengerports,with16milliontravellers,2.1millionlorries（卡車(chē)）,2.8millioncarsandmotorcyclesand86,000coaches（車(chē)廂）passingthroughiteachyear,withanannualturnover（年?duì)I業(yè)額）of￡58.5millionayear.TheporthasbeenownedandoperatedbytheDoverHarbourBoard,astatutory（法定的）corporation,sinceitwasformedbyRoyalCharter（皇家憲章）in1606byJames.MostoftheboardmembersareappointeesoftheDepartmentofTransport（交通部）.Theporthasitsownprivatepoliceforce（私人警察部隊(duì)）,thePortofDoverPolice.Theportclaims（主張）tobetheworld'sbusiestpassengerport.

SimpleDoverOpened 1606Availableberths 9Piers 2Passengertraffic

16,000,000PortofHamburg（漢堡港）ThePortofHamburgisaportinHamburg,Germany,ontheriverElbe（易北河）.Theharbourislocated110kilometresfromthemouthoftheElbeintotheNorthSea.ItisnamedGermany's"GatewaytotheWorld"andisthelargestportinGermany.IntermsofTEUthroughout,theportofHamburgisthethird-busiestportinEurope(aftertheportsofRotterdamandAntwerp（安特衛(wèi)普港；位于比利時(shí)）)and15th-largestworldwide.In2010,7.895millioncontainerswerehandledinHamburg.Theharbourcoversanareaof73.99km2(64.80km2usable),ofwhich43.31km2(34.12km2)arelandareas.Thelocationisnaturallyadvantagedbyabranching（分支）Elbe,creatinganidealplace（理想場(chǎng)所）foraportcomplexwithwarehousing（倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)）andtransshipment（轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)）facilities.Theextensive（廣泛的）freeportalsoenablestoll-freeshipping（免費(fèi)航運(yùn)）.

BigHamburgTheflagofGermanVesselarrivals 9,843Annualcargotonnag