法律英語語序調(diào)整課件

1十.法律英語語序調(diào)整21.普通英語的語序調(diào)整1.1逆序翻譯1．Ithasbecomeaconventionalwisdomthatchildrenhavebecomesovulnerablethattheyshouldbeprotectedbyspecialrightandcodes.

孩子們?nèi)菀资艿絺Γ瑧?yīng)該制定特別的法律法規(guī)予以保護，這已達成了共識。3

模仿翻譯:經(jīng)濟增長不能以環(huán)境破壞為代價，這已達成了共識。

Ithasbecomeaconventionalwisdomthateconomicgrowthcouldnotbegainedatthecost(expense)ofenvironmentaldestruction.5模仿翻譯:父母親為我們付出了很多，我們花時間和精力回報父母是值得的。Itjustifiesthetimeandenergytorepayourparentswhohavedonesomuchforus.63．Thepoorarethefirsttoexperiencetechnologicalprogressasacursewhichdestroystheoldmuscle-powerjobsthatpreviousgenerationsusedasameanstofighttheirwayoutofpoverty.對于以往幾代人來說，舊式的體力勞動是一種擺脫貧困的手段，而技術(shù)的進步則摧毀了窮人賴以生存的體力勞動。因此，首先體驗到技術(shù)進步之害的是窮人。74．Couldanyspectacle,forinstance,bemoregrimlywhimsicalthanthatofgunnersusingsciencetoshattermen’sbodieswhile,closeathand,surgeonsuseittorestorethem?炮手在使用科學(xué)手段來摧毀人們的軀體，而與此同時，醫(yī)生就在近旁應(yīng)用科學(xué)來醫(yī)治創(chuàng)傷。難道還有比這更為怪誕可怕的景象嗎？9詞匯辯析:ResistancePersistenceinsistenceConsistence102．IamopposedtoanydiversionwhichwillinEisenhower'sopinionjeopardizethesecurityofhiscurrentsituationinItaly,thebuildupofwhichisexceedinglyslowconsideringthewell-knowncharacteristicsofhisopponentwhoenjoysamarkedsuperiorityingroundtroopsandpanzerdivisions.敵人在意大利享有地面部隊和坦克部隊方面的顯著優(yōu)勢，這是眾所周知的事。由于這一情況，艾森豪威爾在那里的進展甚為緩慢。因此，我不同意任何足以使艾森豪威爾認為有損于他當(dāng)前安全情況的分散其兵力的措施。113．Thegrowthofclassconsciousnessamongtheworkerswasinhibitedbycontinuedhighlevelsofemploymentandrisingearningsforalmost15years,combinedwiththepropagandaofviewsinthelabormovementreflectingtheinfluenceofKeynesiantheoriesabouttheabilityofcapitalismtosolvepermanentlytheproblemof"boomandbust"throughaneconomyof"built-instabilizers”.將近十五年來，就業(yè)率一直保持高水平，工資收入不斷增長,再加上凱恩斯有一套理論，認為資本主義制度有能力通過名曰“內(nèi)在穩(wěn)定因素”的國家經(jīng)濟永遠解決繁榮與危機交替出現(xiàn)的問題。勞工運動的宣傳受凱恩斯理論的影響。這種種因素結(jié)合在一起，就使工人階級覺悟的提高受到阻礙。13

5．1953年，英美兩國計劃對中國援朝部隊使用原子彈，并準(zhǔn)備用核武器進攻中國。當(dāng)這個消息由第三國外交官轉(zhuǎn)告北京時，新中國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人深感憂慮。立即作出了建立和發(fā)展原子彈和導(dǎo)彈事業(yè)的決定。譯文1：In1953,theUnitedStatesandBritainplannedtouseatomicbombsagainstChineseaidingtroopsinKoreaandtoattackChinawithnuclearweapons.WhenthenewswastransferredtoBeijingfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountry,theleadersofnewChinafeltdeeplyworriedandimmediatelydecidedtosetupanddevelopatomicbombandmissilecause.14譯文2:In1953,whentheylearnedfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountythattheUnitedStatesandBritainwerepreparedtoattackmainlandChinaandtheChinesetroopsinKoreawithnuclearweapons,theleadersofnewChina,deeplyconcerned,decidedthatChinamusthaveitsownatomicbombsandmissiles.15譯文3:TheleadersofnewChina,deeplyconcerned,decidedin1953thatChinamusthaveitsownatomicbombsandmissiles,whentheylearnedfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountythattheUnitedStatesandBritainwerepreparedtoattackmainlandChinaandtheChinesetroopsinKoreawithnuclearweapons.173．我原打算在今年一月訪問中國，后來我又不得不予以推遲，這使我深感失望。ItwasakeendisappointmentthatIhadtopostponethevisitIhadintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.4．我們是1959年出國的，之后中國連續(xù)三年遭受自然災(zāi)害，當(dāng)我們得知這個消息，心情頗為低沉。WehadbeendismayedatthenewsofthenaturalcalamitiesthatfollowedoneanotherforthreeyearsafterweleftChina.18

5．經(jīng)過多年的努力，我們國家已能用僅占世界百分之七的耕地，養(yǎng)活了占世界百分之二十二的人口，使十一億人民基本解決了溫飽問題。Afteryearsofefforts,nowithassolvedtheproblemoffoodandclothingtoapointwhereithasmanagedtofeedits1.1billionpeople,22percentoftheworld'stotalpopulation,withonly7percentofworld'scultivatedland.192.法律英語的語序調(diào)整2.1調(diào)整定語1．PartyBshallnotdiscloseConfidentialInformationtoanyoneotherthantosuchpersonswhorequireaccesstheretofortheexclusivepurposeprovidedhereunderandwhoareawareoftheirobligationsofconfidentialityhereunder.乙方除了向為了本協(xié)議規(guī)定的目的而需要接觸機密信息、且了解本協(xié)議規(guī)定的保密義務(wù)的人員披露機密信息外，不得向其他任何人披露。21總統(tǒng)還公布了一份聯(lián)邦調(diào)查報告，報告顯示百分之六十五的公立學(xué)?？梢陨暇W(wǎng)。Thepresidentalsoissuedafederalreportshowing65percentofpublicschoolshaveaccesstotheInternet.haveaccessto222．“ConfidentialInformation”meansalldocuments,reports,financialorotherdata,records,forms,tools,products,methodologies,technicalknowledge,marketingplans,tradesecrets,andothermaterialsobtainedbyConsultantandClientfromeachother

inthecourseofperforminganyServices.“機密信息”系指在履行服務(wù)期間，顧問和客戶相互間獲得的一切文件、報告、財務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)或其它數(shù)據(jù)、記錄、格式、工具、產(chǎn)品、方法、技術(shù)知識、營銷計劃、商業(yè)機密及其他資料。233．Itisestimatedthatover3,000companies(includingnontechnologycompanies)whichhavecompletedinitialpublicofferingsofstockintheUnitedStatesoverthepasttwodecadeshavereceivedventurecapitalatsomepointintheirdevelopment.據(jù)估計，過去２０年中在美國完成首次公開發(fā)售股票的３，０００多家公司（包括非技術(shù)公司）在其發(fā)展的某個階段，曾獲得過風(fēng)險資本。255．TheContractorshallperformtheinspectionandexaminationofallequipment,machineryandmaterialsincludingsparepartsrequiredfortheconstructionoftheplant.承包商應(yīng)進行檢驗，并稽查建設(shè)工廠所需的一切設(shè)備、機械和材料，其中包括各種備用零部件。262.2調(diào)整狀語1．TheVendoracknowledgesthatthePurchaserhasenteredintothisAgreementinrelianceupontheWarrantiesandhasbeeninducedbythemtoenterintothisAgreement.出售方確認，購買方是以保證為依據(jù)、且受保證誘導(dǎo)而簽訂本協(xié)議的。2.Liabilityforsuchdamagesshallnotbewaivedintheevent

thenon-breachingPartyterminatesthisContractunderArticleX.如果非違約方根據(jù)X條終止本合同，違約方仍有責(zé)任給與損害賠償。295．TheboardofdirectorsmayauthorizeanyagentoragentstoenterintoanycontractororexecuteanddeliveranyinstrumentinthenameofandonbehalfoftheCorporation.董事會可授權(quán)任何代理人以公司名義并代表公司簽訂合同或簽發(fā)單據(jù)。306．Theborrowershallnotdoorcauseorsufferanythingtobedonewherebythelender’sinterestmaybeprejudiced.原譯文：借款人不得作出或促使作出任何事情發(fā)生借以使貸款人的利益可能受損。修改譯文：凡可導(dǎo)致受益人的利益受損的事情，借款人均不得作出，或促使或容許其發(fā)生。317.Wewouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgiveseriousthoughtstoourrequestforincreasingthequantityupto50,000tons.我們要求將數(shù)量增加到5萬噸，如果貴方能認真地考慮我們這個要求，將不勝感激。328．ThepreliminarydepositinrespectofUnitssoldonlytoprivatepurchasersreferredtoincondition(v)belowshallbepaidbycashierorderandshallbedealtwithasincondition(n)aboveasforpublicpurchasers.原譯文：有關(guān)下述條件（v）所指的只售與內(nèi)部購買人單位的初步訂金須以銀行本票支付，并按照上述條件（n）中處理公眾購買人的方式處理。修改譯文：凡屬下述條件（v）所指僅供內(nèi)部認購的單位，其初步訂金須以銀行本票支付，并按照上述條件（n）適用于公開發(fā)售的方式處理。339.貴方?jīng)]有按合同規(guī)定及時把貨備妥，致使我派去裝貨的船只滯期3天18小時。1.Youfailedtogetthegoodsreadyfor

loadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontract.Thereforeitresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentbyusfor3daysand18hours.2.Thefactthatyoufailedtogetthegoodsreadyforloadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontracthasresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentby3daysand18hours.3.Yourfailuretogetthegoodsreadyforloadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontracthasresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentbyusfor3daysand18hours.34Demurrage1.（船、車等的）滯留

ademurragefee(charge)2.滯留費352.3.2逆序翻譯TheOwnermayrequesttheremovalandreplacementofanypersonemployed,(1)inaccordancewiththeContractor,(2)ifsuchpersonontheSiteisinguiltyof

misconduct,incompetenceornegligence,(3)andensuretheaccomplishmentofthe

project.(4)為了保證工程的完成（4），業(yè)主認為工地上承包商的雇員品行不端、不能勝任工作或有失職行為（3），可依照本合同（2），要求承包商將此人調(diào)離或更換（1）。36Exceptintheeventofbreachofconfidentiality,innoeventshalleitherpartybeliableforanydamages,includinglossofdata,lostprofits,costofcoverorotherspecial,incidental,consequential,directorindirectdamagesarisingfromtheuseoftheProducts,orprovisionof,orfailuretoprovide,support,howevercausedandwhetherbasedonagreement,tort(includingnegligence)oranyothertheoryofliability.37Exceptintheeventofbreachofconfidentiality,innoeventshalleitherpartybeliableforanydamages,

includinglossofdata,lostprofits,costofcoverorotherspecial,incidental,consequential,directorindirectdamagesarisingfromtheuseoftheProducts,orprovisionof,orfailuretoprovide,support,howevercausedandwhetherbasedonagreement,tort(includingnegligence)oranyothertheoryofliability.38除非違反保密規(guī)定，任何一方在任何情況下，對因使用產(chǎn)品、或提供或未提供支持，無論何種原因，亦無論基于協(xié)議、侵權(quán)（包括過失）或其他責(zé)任理論而引起的損害，包括數(shù)據(jù)丟失、利潤損失、服務(wù)費用、或其他特殊的、附帶的、后果性的、直接的或間接的損害，均不負賠償責(zé)任。39Exercise:6．Thejudicialauthoritiesshallhavetheauthority,wherepartyhaspresentedreasonablyavailableevidencesufficienttosupportitsclaimsandhasspecifiedevidencerelevanttosubstantiationofitsclaimswhichliesinthecontroloftheopposingparty,toorderthatthisevidencebeproducedbytheopposingparty,subjectinappropriatecasestoconditionswhichensuretheprotectionofconfidentialinformation.40譯文：如果一方當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)提供足夠支持其權(quán)利主張并能夠合理取得的證據(jù)，同時指出了有另一方當(dāng)事人控制的證明其權(quán)利主張的證據(jù)，則司法當(dāng)局有權(quán)在適當(dāng)場合確保對秘密信息給與保護的條件下，責(zé)令另一方當(dāng)事人提供證據(jù)。417．Itshallbeunlawfulforanypersonengagedincommerce,inthecourseofsuchcommerce,topayorgrant,ortoreceiveoracceptanythingofvalueasacommission,brokerage,orothercompensation,oranyallowanceordiscountinlieuthereof,exceptforservicesrenderedinconnectionwiththesaleorpurchaseofgoods,wares,ormerchandise,eithertotheotherpartytosuchtransactionortoanagent,representative,ortheintermediarytherein42wheresuchintermediaryisactinginfactfororinbehalf,orissubjecttothedirectorindirectcontrol,ofanypartytosuchtransactionotherthanthepersonbywhomsuchcompensationissograntedorpaid.43譯文：商人在其商業(yè)過程中，支付、收取、接受任何傭金、回扣或其他補償，或作為替代的任何補貼或折扣是非法的。但對同商品購銷相關(guān)的，提供給另一方當(dāng)事人或代理機構(gòu)、或代表人、或其他中間機構(gòu)的勞務(wù)除外。這里的其他中間機構(gòu)事實上屬于、代表或服從于該交易一方的直接或間接控制，而不是回扣支付方所控制的中間機構(gòu)。（《克萊頓法》第2條第三款）劉期安：法律英語的長句翻譯44譯文：有些學(xué)者，雖然接收在判決中使用如“判決依據(jù)”和“附帶意見”這些術(shù)語，雖然也承認至少有些法官認為他們是根據(jù)先前判決的“判決依據(jù)”和“附帶意見”作出判決的，但認為影響法官的判決的重要因素應(yīng)從事情本身的特征，如法官的社會背景、當(dāng)時的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境甚至語言本身的特征中去發(fā)現(xiàn)。肖云樞：“法律英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點及其翻譯”459．Chinashallestablishordesignateanofficialjournaldedicatedtothepublicationofalllaws,regulationsandothermeasurespertainingtooraffectingtradeingoods,services,TRIPSorthecontrolofforeignexchangeand,afterpublicationofitslaws,regulationsorothermeasuresinsuchjournal,shallprovideareasonableperiodforcommenttotheappropriateauthoritiesbeforesuchmeasuresareimplemented,46exceptforthoselaws,regulationsandothermeasuresinvolvingnationalsecurity,specificmeasuressettingforeignexchangeratesormonetarypolicyandothermeasuresthepublicationofwhichwouldimpedelawenforcement.

47譯文：中國應(yīng)設(shè)立或指定一官方刊物，用于公布所有有關(guān)或影響貨物貿(mào)易、服務(wù)貿(mào)易、ＴＲＩＰＳ或外匯管制的法律、法規(guī)及其他措施，并且在其法律、法規(guī)或其他措施在該刊物上公布之后，應(yīng)在此類措施實施之前提供一段可向有關(guān)主管機關(guān)提出意見的合理時間，但涉及國家安全的法律、法規(guī)及其他措施、確定外匯匯率或貨幣政策的特定措施以及一旦公布則會妨礙法律實施的其他措施除外。488．Someacademics,whilstacceptingthattermslikeratiodecidendiandobiterdictaareusedinjudgments,andwhilstacceptingthatatleastsomejudgesthinktheyconstructtheirjudgments,onthebasisofratioandobiterinpreviousjudgments,believethatimportantinfluencesondecisionsmadebyjudgesaretobefoundinthenatureofmatterssuchasthesocialbackgroundofjudges,theeconomiccircumstancesofthetimeoreventheverynatureoflanguageitself.4910．Theprogresstothestatutebookofthenecessarylegalinfrastructureforelectroniccommercehasinmanycountriesbeendelayedbyadifficultandpoliticallysensitivedebatecreatedbytheconcernsoflawenforcementauthoritiesthatthewidespreaduseofstrongencryptionmayfacilitatecrimeandterrorismtoadegreethatwillde-stabilizecivilizedgovernments.

50譯文：在許多國家，執(zhí)法機關(guān)擔(dān)心嚴(yán)格加密的廣泛使用，會給犯罪分子和恐怖活動提供方便，從而破壞文明政府的穩(wěn)定。這種擔(dān)心引起了一場難以解決的、政治上敏感的辯論。而這場辯論則延誤了必要的電子商務(wù)法律歸入法典的進程。肖平飛：“法律英語的長句特征及其翻譯”51TRIPS：AgreementonTrade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRight與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定GATT：GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade《關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》，1996，是WTO世界貿(mào)易組織的前身。

關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定GATT有兩個含義：一是指一個國際協(xié)議，其中包含了從事國際貿(mào)易所應(yīng)遵守的規(guī)則；一是指后來建立的用以支持該協(xié)議的國際組織。

52GATT作為國際組織已不存在，取而代之的是WTO。但GATT作為協(xié)議仍然存在，但已不再是國際貿(mào)易的主要規(guī)則，而且已被更新。

經(jīng)過修改，GATT已成為新的WTO協(xié)議的一部分。更新后的GATT與《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》（GATS）和《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》（TRIPS）并列，WTO使三者并入一個單一的組織，形成一套單一的規(guī)則，并使用單一的爭端解決體制。5311．Inresponsetoquestionsfromcertainmembersof