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許國璋英語第二冊(含課文、對話、閱讀、課后練習(xí)及答案)第十三課許國璋英語第二冊(含課文、對話、閱讀、課后練習(xí)及答案)第十三課PAGEPAGE10許國璋英語第二冊《第十三課》(一)課文:課文原文:THELASTLESSONAlphonseDaudet(adapted)Iwasverylatethatmorningonmywaytoschoolandwasafraidofbeingscolded.Themasterhadtoldushewouldquestionusonverbs,andIdidnotknowathingaboutthem,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.ForamomentIthoughtofplayingtruant.Theairwassowarmandbright,andIcouldheartheblackbirdswhistlingattheedgeofthewoods,andthePrussiansdrillinginthemeadowbehindthesawmill.Ilikethismuchbetterthanlearningtherulesforverbs,butIdidnotdaretostop,soIranquicklytowardsschool.Passingthemayor’soffice,Isawpeoplestandingbeforethelittlebulletinboard.Fortwoyearsitwastherethatwehadreceivedallthenewsofbattles,ofvictoriesanddefeats.“Whatisitnow?”Ithought,withoutstopping.Then,asIranalong,theblacksmith,whowastherereadingthenotice,criedouto,“to,e,ulhrlnIthoughthewasmakingfunofmeandranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.Usuallyatthebeginningofschool,thenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosed,andlessonsrepeatedatthetopofthevoicescouldbeheardoutinthestreet.Occasionallythemasterbeatthetablewiththeheavyrulerashecried,“Silence,please,silence!”Ihadhopedtobeabletotakemyseatinallthisnoisewithoutbeingseen;butthatmorningtheroomwasquietandorderly.ThroughtheopenwindowIsawmyschoolmatesalreadyintheirplaces.Themasterwaswalkingupanddowntheroomwiththeironrulerunderhisarmandabookinhishand.AsIenteredhelookedatmekindly,andsaid,withoutscolding”,Goquicklytoyourplace,littleFranz;weweregoingtobeginwithoutyou.Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.”Iclimbedovermybenchandsatdownatonceatmydesk.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterworehisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkembroideredcap.Butwhatsurprisedmemostwastoseesomeofthevillagepeopleseatedonthebenchesattheendoftheroom.Oneofthemwasholdinganoldspellingbookonhisknee;andtheyalllookedsadlyatthemaster.WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.“hesaid,“thisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.AnorderhascomefromBerlinthatnolanguagebutGermanmaybetaughtintheschoolsofAlsaceandLorraine.AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.TodayisyourlastlessoninFrench.IbegyoutopayThesewordsfrightenedme.Thiswaswhattheyhadpostedonthebulletinboardthen!Thiswaswhattheblacksmithwasreading!(tobecontinued)全文譯文:最后一課阿方斯·(改寫)那天早上我很晚才去上學(xué),心中害怕要挨訓(xùn)斥。老師說過要問我們動詞的問題,可是我沒有溫習(xí)功課,一點(diǎn)也不會。在吟唱,鋸木廠后面的草坪上傳來普魯士軍人操練的聲音。此情此景比學(xué)習(xí)動詞規(guī)則有趣多了,可是我不敢逗留,就趕緊朝學(xué)校跑去。戰(zhàn)爭的各種消息,有打勝仗的,有吃敗仗的?!坝钟惺裁词铝??”我尋思著,沒停下腳步。我剛跑過去,這時,在那兒看布告的鐵匠朝我喊道我以為他是同我開玩笑,便跑得更快了。到學(xué)校的時候,已經(jīng)上氣不接下氣了。平時,剛開始上課的時候,在街上就能聽到課桌開開關(guān)關(guān)的乒乓聲和孩子們一遍遍高聲念課文的讀書聲。有時,老師還用大戒尺拍打講桌,喊道卻安安靜靜,規(guī)規(guī)矩矩。書,胳膊下夾著鐵戒尺,在教室里走過來走過去。我走進(jìn)教室,老師慈祥地看著我,口氣不帶責(zé)備地說朗茨,我們就要開始上課了,不準(zhǔn)備等你了。你應(yīng)該5衣,戴著黑色繡邊絲帽。但是最叫我吃驚的是看到教室后面的凳子上坐著好些村民,有個人還在膝上放著一本舊拼寫書。他們個個都憂郁地望著老師。我正感到納悶,只見老師登上了講臺,對我們說們德語。今天是你們最后一次法語課,我懇求你們用心聽講一個布告!(待續(xù))SOE(課文學(xué)習(xí))AphonseDaudetr的著名的短篇小說,是普法戰(zhàn)爭后愛國主義名作之一。Icouldheartheblackbirdswhistlingattheedgeofthewoods,andthePrussiansdrillinginthemeadowbehindthesawmill.PrussiansAlsace的普魯士軍隊。Franz聽得見從遠(yuǎn)處傳來他們操練的聲音。Fortwoyearsitwastherethatwehadreceivedallthenewsofbattlesofvictoriesanddefeats.的。Itis…that(who)是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。如:ItisthePartythathasbroughthappinesstousall.ItwasJackwhotoldmetheystory.ItwasinShanghaithatIfirstsawher.Thenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosed,andlessonsrepeatedatthetopofthevoices掀開和關(guān)上書桌的聲音和孩子們高聲溫習(xí)功課的聲音。sgdandd+動名詞(此處為被動式,作介Oflessonsof的賓語。Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.你應(yīng)該早五分鐘來才是?!皔oushouldhave+”Youshouldhavebeenmorecarefulaboutyourspelling.Youshouldhavehandedinyourcompositionyesterdaymorning.AnorderhascomefromBerlinthatnolanguagebutGermanmaybetaughtintheschoolsofAlsaceandLorraine.that-clauseordernolanguagebutGermanmaybetaught=onlyGermanmaybetaught,同樣地:NobodybutJohncoulddothis=OnlyJohncoulddothis.StudyoftheTEXT:Themasterhadtoldushewouldquestionusonverbs,andIdidnotknowathingaboutthem,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.先生說了,他上課要提問動詞,可是我連書都沒看,根本不知道什么是動詞。MasterMaster還可以用來指中、小學(xué)的校長。Onverbs意同aboutverbs。On的這種用法很多,如:adebateoneducation;anexamongeography;aspeechonacurrenttopic.Ilikedthismuchbetterthanlearningtherulesforverbs,butIdidnotdaretostop,soIranquicklytowardsschool.s是介詞,意思是“向著。,美國語為toward.Notsofast,littleone,youwillreachyourschoolsoonenough.用不著跑那么快,小家伙,一會兒你就到學(xué)校了。作者在這里為故事后來的發(fā)展留下了一句伏筆:鐵匠和其也一些村民圍交待。theschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.到了學(xué)校的時候,已經(jīng)上氣不接下氣了。Outof的一種含義是“缺乏”或“沒有”。例如:outofwork 失業(yè)outofpractice 缺乏訓(xùn)練outoftea茶葉用完了outofprint(某書)現(xiàn)在絕版Ihadhopedtobeabletotakemyseatinallthisnoisewithoutbeingseen.我原指望乘著一片混亂,偷偷溜到座位上去,而又不被發(fā)現(xiàn)。Withoutbeingseen 這個介詞短語中使用了被動語態(tài)形式的動名詞see.Themasterwaswalingupanddowntheroomwiththeironrulerunderhisarmandabookinhishand.先生(胳臂下)夾著鐵尺,手里拿著書,在教室里走來走去。Walkingupanddowntheroom中的up表示朝著黑板,down表示學(xué)著黑板.Butwhatsurprisedmemostwastoseesomeofthevillagepeopleseatedonthebenchesattheendoftheroom.但最使我吃驚的是,教室后面的長凳上坐著一些村民。句中的主語是名詞從句whatsurprisedmemost,表語是toseesomeofthevillagepeopleseated…WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.Towonderatsomething表示對某感到不解、詫異。Totakeone’splace意即“就位”,對于老師來說是走到講臺上;對于學(xué)生來說是坐到座位上。Ibegyoutopayattention.我請求你們注意聽講。BegaskyoutopayPlease(pleasepay的語氣都要重得多,常有“懇求”的含義。課堂問答:Whereisthestorysetin?Thestoryissetinthe19thcenturyFrance.FrancewasatwarwiththePrussiansin1870.Consequently,Francewasdefeatedandlosttwoprovinces,AlsaceandLorraine,tothePrussians.WhowaslittleFrance,.Howolddoyouthinkhewas?HewasapupilinaschoolinAlsace.Ithinkhewasabovesixbutnomorethanten.Doyouthinkheunderstoodmuchaboutthewar?No,hedidn’t.hehadnoideathathishomelandhadbeenlosttothePrussian.Hedidn’tevenhatethatPrussians.Whyhadtheschoolmasterputonhisfinegreencatandblacksilkembroideredcap?Becausehewantedthislastlessontobewellremembered.Itwasasolemnoccasion,andhemustputonhisbestclothes.Whydoyouthinksomevillagepeoplecametotheschoolroom?TheyhadcomewillinglybecausetheyknewitwasgoingtobetheirlastlessoninFrench.WhywasFranzfrightenedathiswordsthatitwouldbethelasttimehetaughtthemFrench?Franzwasfrightenedbythesewordsbecauseherealizedthathewouldneverbeabletostudyhismotherlanguage.課堂筆記:Icouldheartheblackbirdswhistlingattheedgeofthewoods,andthePrussiansdrillinginthemeadowbehindthesawmill.Hear感知動詞,后面既能跟ing區(qū)別。比較:Iheardhimcough.我聽到他咳嗽。(咳嗽了一聲)Iheardhimcoughing.我能聽到他正在咳嗽(反復(fù)咳嗽)hearing表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,往往是反復(fù)持續(xù)的hearing形式,但不能用被動的不定式。Idyeg我聽到有人叫我的名字(g可省略)Iheardmyname。我聽到有人叫我的名字。Fortwoyearsitwastherethatwehadreceivedallthenewsofbattles,ofvictoriesanddefeats.Itwas…that..強(qiáng)調(diào)句(或叫分列句)Itisthereformthat(which)hasbroughtprosperitytotheChinesepeople.ItwasJackwhophonedMarylastnight.Itwasthebluepenthat(which)Iwant,nottheredone.Itisfromthesunthatwegetheatandlight.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)ItwaswhenIwasamereboythatIfirstmethim.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語)Itwasbecausesheworkedhardthatshepassedtheexam.強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語)Youwillreachyourschoolsoonenough.YouknowwellenoughwhatImean.你很明白我的意思。Heisreadyenoughtoaccepttheoffer.他十分愿意接受這個提議。Iarrivedatthestationearlyenough.我到這車站句早的(我趕上火車了)AnorderhascomefromBerlinthatnolanguagebutGermanmaybetaughtintheschoolsofAlsaceandLorraine.Ihadtheimpressionthathewouldbecomeanentrepreneur.Ihaveafeelinghemaygetdivorced.Hispredictionthattherewouldbeanearthquakefrightenedusall.Ihavenoideawhatyou我不知道你什么意思。NewscamefromthefrontthatourRedArmyhaddefeatedtheenemy.課堂翻譯:我聽見他上樓。Ihearhimgoupstairs.我隱約聽見廚房里電話鈴在響。Ifaintlyhearthetelephoneringinginthekitchen.我第一次聽到有人用英文唱這首中國民歌。ItwasthefirsttimeIhadheardthisChinesefolksongsunginEnglish.是小李幫我照料孩子的。ItwasXiaoLIwhohelpedmwiththechildren小王是上星期踢足球時扭傷腳踝的。ItwaslastweekthatXiaoWangsprainedhisanklewhileplayingfootball.正是因為我們覺得有必要才采取這樣的措施的。Itisonlybecauseweregarditasabsolutelynecessarythatwearetakingsuchmeasures.你很快會知道的。Youwillknowsoonenough.我有一種感覺,那就是他遲早會回中國的。IhaveafeelinghewillcomebacktoChinasoonerorlater.(二)對話:ATELEPHONECONVERSATIONJohn:Hello,isthatyou,Mary?ThisisJohnspeaking.Look,ATELEPHONECONVERSATIONJohn:Hello,isthatyou,Mary?ThisisJohnspeaking.Look,goingtobeaconcertatourschoolandI’vegotanextraticket.Wouldyouliketocome?Mary:Certainly.Whattimeistheconcert?Begpardon?I’msorry,butIstillcan’thearyou.Oh,tomorrownightat7:45?IthinkIcanmanage.John:Yourememberhowtogettoourschool,don’tyou?Mary:Letmesee.ItaketheNO.7busandgetoffatHeadingley.ThenIcrosstheroadandturnright.Isn’tthatright?John:that’sright.It’sonlyabouttenminutes’walkfromthebus-stoptomyplace.2)譯文:電話交談約翰:你好,是你嗎,瑪麗?我是約翰。聽著,我們學(xué)校要有一場音樂會,我這兒多余一張票,你想來嗎?7:45約翰:你還記得來我們學(xué)校怎么走吧?7路公共汽車在海丁里站下車對不對?約翰:對了。從車站走到我這兒大約只有10分鐘的路。課堂筆記:yourememberhowtogettoourschool,you?ItaketheNo.7busandgetoffatHeadingley. ThenIcrosstheroadandturnright.Isn’tthatright?以上兩句皆為反意問句:Iamlate,aren’ti?我遲到了,不是嗎?Youhaven’tbeentoNewYork,haveyou?Youhardlyknowher,doyou?你幾乎不認(rèn)識他,對嗎?(否定詞)Nodoubtyou’dratherhestayedinAmericanow,wouldn’tyou?毫無疑問,你寧愿讓他現(xiàn)在呆在美國。Isupposeyou’renotserious,areyou?我想你不當(dāng)真吧,是嗎?如果不需對方回答,輕讀,It’salovelyday,isn’tit?今天天氣很好,不是嗎?(三)語法:動名名詞由動詞加ing構(gòu)成,動名詞舉例:Walkingquicklyindarknessisdifficult.Walkinginstepisdifficult.LearningEnglishseemstobemymainhobby.sorryforhavingwastedyourtime.Theboywasafraidofbeingscolded.動名詞的名詞特點(diǎn)Learningisfun.Iloveitit代替。Ourteacheroftengivesreadingsofsomeshortstories.Theyarevery相當(dāng)they代替。WehavemadeanewrecordingTherecordingwasmadea,the限定。allthisarguing?this限定。Ididalittleshoppingthisafternoon.Iappreciateyourhelpingme.your等。Slowcookingmakestoughmeat前面可加形容詞3)句法功能:作主語:Practicinglisteningandspeakingisveryusefulwhenyoustudyaforeignlanguage.Itisveryusefulpracticinglisteningandspeaking…Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Beinglostcanbeaterrifyingexperience.作表語:MyjobisteachingEnglishtoChinesestudents.Myfavoritepastimeisdrinkingbeerwithmyfriends.作動語或介詞的賓語:Sorry,weallowsmokinginthebus.Iwishwecouldfinishworkinginhalfantime.3)HowlongareyouthinkingofstayinginBeijing?Thankyouforgivingmesomuchhelp.Hemaybeinthereading-room,forallIknow.6)Hereareyourrunning–shoes.作補(bǔ)語:IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。Thisiscalledturningthingsupside這叫做把事物顛倒了。(四)WORDSTUDY:(詞匯學(xué)習(xí))Stop停,歇1)V.Howlongwillthetrainstopatthenextstation?Therainstopped.Theskyclearedup.That’llbeenoughfortoday.Let’sstopnow.2)V.Hasitstoppedraining?Stoptalking,please.Classwillbeginintwominutes.n.停車站:I’llgetoffatthenextstop.LookV.i:Lookat看:Lookatthesentenceontheblackboard.Lookfor找:Whatareyoulookingfor?Lookafter照料:.Shelookedafterourchildrenwhilewewereaway.2.n: MayIhavealookatyournewdictionary?linkv.:Helooksquiteyoung.Lookhappy(healthy,angry,inhighspirits.Etc.)holdv.t.握住:PleaseholdthepaperformewhileIwrite.舉行:WorkersallovertheworldholdMayDayparadestoshowtheirstrengthandsolidarity.Holdameeting(discussion,aconversation,etc.)Reachv.t.到達(dá):ThetrainreachedPekingat8:30p.m.Yourletterreachedmeyesterday.伸手碰到:Theboycan’treachthebooksonthetopshelf.(五)(練習(xí))Answerthefollowing據(jù)課文回答)Whowastheauthorofthestory?AlphonseDaudetwastheauthorofthestory.HewasaFrenchwriteroftheWhatwarformsthebackgroundtothestory?Whendidthewartakeplace?Whatwastheresultofthewar?It’stheFrance-PrussianWar.Ittookplacein1870.TheFrencharmywasdefeatedandFrancelosttwoprovinces,AlsaceandLorraine,tothePrussians.WhowaslittleFranz?Howolddoyouthinkhewas?HewasapupilinaschoolinAlsace.Ithinkhewasabovesixbutnomorethanten.Doyouthinkheunderstoodmuchaboutthewar?No,hedidn’t.hehadnoideathathishomelandhadbeenlosttoPrussians.Hedidn’tevenhatethePrussians.Didtheboynoticeanythingunusualabouttheschool?Whatwasit?Yes,hedid.Usuallyatthebeginningofschool,theclassroomwasnoisy.Butthatmorningeverythingwasquietandorderly.Whyhadtheschoolmasterputonhisfinegreencoat?Becausehewantedthislastlessontobewellremembered.Itwasasolemnoccasion,andhemustputonhisbestclothes.Whatnew“Pupils”werethereintheschoolroomthatmorning?whathadtheycomefor?Thereweresomevillagepeoplesittingatthebackoftheroom.Ithinktheyhadcomebecausethemasterhadaskedthemto.AndtheyhadcomewillinglybecausetheyknewitwasgoingtobetheirlastlessoninFrench.Whatdidthemastersaytohispupilsbeforethelessonbegan?whywasFranzfrightenedathiswords?HetoldthepupilsthatthiswouldbethelasttimehetaughtthemFrench.HesaidanorderhadcomefromBerlinthatnolanguagebutGermanmightbetaughtintheschoolsofAlsaceandLorraine.FranzwasfrightenedbythesewordsbecauseherealizedthathewouldneverbeabletostudyFrench.Giveadverbscorrespondingtothefollowingadjectives:Warm,casy,simple,beautiful,Kind,busy,gentle,successfulQuiet,happy,terrible,carefulStudythemeaningofthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontotheidiomaticuseofadverbs:afraidshein.我擔(dān)心她不在。TheywerebothoutwhenIcalledattheirafraidheup我擔(dān)心他還未起床。She’llbedownina她馬上就下來。on今晚有什么節(jié)目?Wemustbeoff我們該走了。Areyou你說完了嗎?Istheperformanceover表演完了沒有?StudytheuseofthegerundandputthesentencesintoChinese:ForamomentIthoughtofplayingtruant.一瞬間我想逃學(xué)。ThechildrenstoppedsingingwhenMr.Jonescamein.當(dāng)杰進(jìn)來時,小孩們停止了唱歌?!癢hatisitnow?”Ithought,withoutstopping.“發(fā)生什么事了?”我想著,但沒有停步。Ilikedthisbetterthanlearningtherulesforverbs.和學(xué)動詞規(guī)則相比,我更喜歡這些。nousediscussingtheplannow.現(xiàn)在討論這個計劃沒用。Ihadhopedtobeabletotakemyseatinallthisnoisewithoutbeingseen.我希望在這樣喧嘩的場合回到座位上,而不被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。Makesentencesaftertheexamplesgiven:Haveyoufinishedcleaningthedining-hall?readthatessayHaveyoufinishedreadingthatessay?reviewtheoldlessons.Haveyoufinishedreviewingtheoldlessons?cleanthewindowsHaveyoufinishedcleaningthewindows?mopthefloorHaveyoumoppingthefloor?Let’sstopwritingandhandintheessays.talk,getdowntoworklet’sstoptalkingandgetdowntowork.runroundthetrack,playbasket-ballinsteadlet’sstoprunningroundthetrackandplaybasket-ballinstead.play,haveashortrestlet’sstopplayingandhaveashortrest.raisequestions,trytolookintothemattermoredeeply.Let’sstopraisingquestionsandtrytolookintothemattermoredeeply.Makesentenceswithverbsinthepassivevoice:Write:thestoryofthetextwaswrittenbyAlphonseDaudet.send:Theteacheraskedmetohavethebookssenttothelibrary.Make:Thedecisionwasmadeaweekago.Hold: Ameetingwillbeheldtodiscusstheproblem.Tell: Hewastoldtotakepartinthesportsmeet.Build: Anewlibrarywillbebuiltbyouruniversity.Finish:Theworkcannotbefinishedwithinaweek.putoff:Theexamwillbeputofftillnextweek.Makesentenceswiththefollowingword-groups,usingthemassubject,objectorpredicative:thepostcardsshesentyouThepostcardsshesentyouareverybeautiful.Ihavebroughtthepostcardsshesentyou.Thesearethepostcardsshesentyou.theperformanceshegaveTheperformanceshegavewasagreatsuccess.Didyouwatchtheperformanceshegave?Iamsurethiswastheperformanceshegave.thequestionsheraisedthequestionsheraisedwasasurprisetomanypeople.Whoisgoingtoanswerthequestionsheraised?Thatwasthequestionsheraised.theplaytheyputontheplaytheyputonlastedonehour.Everyoneistalkingabouttheplaytheyputon.whathesaidwhathesaidwasquiteinteresting.Didyouhearwhathesaid?Thisiswhathesaid.whatheaskedmetotellyouwhatheaskedmetotellyouisthathedoesn’tagreetoyourproposal.Doyouknowwhatheaskedmetotellyou?Thisiswhatheaskedmetotellyou.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:他受了重傷,但是沒有停止射擊。Hewasbadlywound,buthedidnotstopshooting.我們想在下星期開會討論這個問題。Wewanttoholdameetingtodiscussthisquestionnextweek.孩子們喜歡在江邊草地上玩Thechildrenarefondofplayingonthemeadowbytheriver.我不知道他們是不是已經(jīng)把宿舍打掃完畢Iwonderwhethertheyhavefinishedcleaningtheroom.我們?nèi)デ魄扑麄儎偛旁诓记粕腺N出的通知。tsoandeakateeyettpneboard.請你把剛才說的話再說一遍Pleaserepeatwhatyoursaidjustnow.一九四九年中國勞動人民在歷史上第一次成了國家的主人(forthefirsttime)In1949,theWorkingpeopleinChinabecamethematersofthecountryforthefirsttimeinhistory.(march)UndertheLeadershipoftheCommunistParty,wearemarchingfromvictorytovictory.Readingmaterial:JAMESWATTAboywassittinginthekitchenwithhisgrandmother.Hewaswatchingtheredflamesinthefireplaceandquietlywonderingaboutthecausesofthings.Ind

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