(精修版)2015年高考全國(guó)卷II(新課標(biāo))英語試題及答案解析

PAGEPAGE42015年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語（課標(biāo)卷II）第Ⅰ卷第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldn’tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater,whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseven-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn’tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic(靜電)noise.Forsomereason,whencertainshowsswitchedintoacommercial,aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds.Gradully,thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow,andtogetridofit,Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.Sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork,andIhadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound.Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles(肌肉)shakingmyset.Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise,Iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist,anditstoppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62,andthesetisworkingwellnow,butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.1.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?A.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B.Hecouldn’treturnitwhenitwasbroken.C.Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.D.Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase”signedoff”inParagraph1?A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannelsC.changedtocommercialsD.showedall-nightmovies3.HowdidtheauthorfinallygethisTVsetworkingagain?A.Byshakingandhittingit.B.Byturningitonandoff.C.Byswitchingchannels.D.Byhavingitrepaired.4.Howdoestheanthorsoundwhentellingthestory?A.CuriousB.AnxiousC.CautiousD.HumorousBYourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious（難為情）whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces-andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishs.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake（攝入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.5.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout_______.A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets6.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople_________.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites7.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetest?A.IsYourHourseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?CMorestudentthaneverceforearetakingagap-year(間隔年)beforegoingtouniversity.Itusedtobecalledthe“yearoff”betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginated(起源)withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.C.BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmileE.Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthemF.TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG.Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall___21__placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant___22__somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe____23__ofseeingthisfirsthandona___24___Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso__25___atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome__26___experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams__27___trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her__28___didnotgetoneseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I__29___seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,__30___stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe__31__betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey__32__fortheirSundaygame,theywere__33__different.Theyhadbeguntointegrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad__34__thedaybeforeintotheir__35__.Theyplayedaggressivelyand__36__scoredagoal.It__37__methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat__38__momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.__39__isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearnedmaynotbe__40__whattheywouldhavegotteninschool,butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.21.A.publicB.traditionalC.officialD.special22.A.passesB.worksC.liesD.ends23.A.dreamB.ideaC.habitD.chance24.A.tripB.holidayC.weekendD.square25.A.wonB.enteredC.organizedD.watched26.A.painfulB.strangeC.commonD.practical27.A.lessB.poorlyC.newlyD.better28.A.fansB.tutorsC.classD.team29.A.imaginedB.hatedC.avoidedD.missed30.A.ifB.orC.butD.as31.A.girlsB.parentsC.coachesD.viewers32.A.dressedB.showedupC.madeupD.planned33.A.slightlyB.hardlyC.basicallyD.completely34.A.seenB.knownC.heardD.read35.A.stylesB.trainingC.gameD.rules36.A.evenB.stillC.seldomD.again37.A.confusedB.struckC.remindedD.warned38.A.touchingB.thinkingC.encouragingD.learning39.A.ExperienceB.IndependenceC.CuriosityD.Interest40.A.harmfultoB.mixedwithC.differentfromD.appliedto第II卷第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theadobedwellings(土坯房）___41___(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven___42___mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__43___(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout___44__（use）electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__45___（slow）duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__46_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:__47__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle__48__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset（抵消）fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__49__(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__50__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。作文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏子符號(hào)（∧）并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater.Tonysawparents.Momsaid,”Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）假如你是李華，計(jì)劃和同學(xué)去敬老院（nursinghome）陪老人們過重陽節(jié)（theDoubleNinthFestival）。請(qǐng)給外教露西寫封郵件，邀她一同前往，內(nèi)容包括：1.出發(fā)及返回時(shí)間；2.活動(dòng)：包餃子、表演節(jié)目等。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.結(jié)語已為你寫好。答案解析一、閱讀理解A篇（故事類）1.C參考解析：根據(jù)第一段第四行“whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.”當(dāng)我看到報(bào)紙上75美元比我買的價(jià)格低的時(shí)候，我感覺我上當(dāng)了。故正確答案選C。2.A參考解析：根據(jù)后一句，幸運(yùn)的是，我不用整晚上看電影了，否則我不能睡覺了，故正確答案選A。3.D參考解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段，可知作者修電視機(jī)花費(fèi)了62美元，故正確答案選D。4.D參考解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)開頭說：沒有電視節(jié)目就可以睡覺，中間還說晃動(dòng)電視來鍛煉肌肉，可知作者語調(diào)幽默。故正確答案選D。B篇（科普類）5.B.參考解析：根據(jù)全文第一段內(nèi)容：房子對(duì)身體特征有影響，房子的設(shè)計(jì)一定程度上決定了你是長(zhǎng)肉還是減肉，所以這篇文章更可能是對(duì)那些在乎外形的人有幫助。6.B.參考解析：根據(jù)第三段第二句話inonestudy,可知答案是reducefoodintake.減少食物的攝入。7.C.參考解析：最后一段介紹，要想少吃，要用小碗小勺，前面介紹說到，吃得快，房間暗會(huì)增加飲食，放舒緩的音樂有助于減少飲食的速度和進(jìn)食量。8.A參考解析：根據(jù)開頭的后文可知，本文就房間的布置給那些想減肥的人士提了一些建議。所以選A可以更好地概括全文。C篇（社會(huì)類）9.C參考解析：由短文第二段及第三段第一句話可知間隔年越來越受到歡迎，因此選C。10.A參考解析：由人名定位到短文第三段。第三段在說它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，有間隔年之后再去上大學(xué)，會(huì)讓人更成熟有責(zé)任感，對(duì)大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)有幫助。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話可知選A。11.B參考解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段可知越來越多的學(xué)生會(huì)在gapyear期間被迫去掙錢。所以他對(duì)此是擔(dān)憂的。12.C參考解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句話可知。D篇（廣告類）13.B參考解析：根據(jù)原文TourB中Oxford：IncludedaguidedtourofEngland’soldestuniversityandcolleges判斷出答案為B。14.D參考解析：根據(jù)每一部分的價(jià)格介紹：TourA到3月17日為37英鎊，TourB為36英鎊，TourC為37英鎊，TourD為33英鎊，故此選D。15.A參考解析：根據(jù)HamptonwasoncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen判斷答案為A。二、七選五（生活類短文）16.C參考解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解。開始訓(xùn)練前，買最適合、做得最好的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。17.E參考解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解。上文提到：穿著鞋走走路以確保合適，下文提到跑。所以這里應(yīng)該說如果穿著的感覺很好，就可以跑了。故選E。18.A參考解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解。上文提到練習(xí)的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以這里應(yīng)該是練習(xí)一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故選A。當(dāng)你找到似乎合適的鞋，為了印證確實(shí)合適，穿上它們走幾天。如果（幾天過后）仍然感覺不錯(cuò)，你就可以穿上它們跑步了。19.D參考解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解。這里在討論逐漸加長(zhǎng)跑步的距離，每天增加一定的距離才合理，故選D。六天之后，休息一天。20.G參考解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解。最后是提速。在規(guī)定的距離內(nèi)如何訓(xùn)練自己跑得快。這樣才能參加比賽。第三部分.英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用一、完形填空（教育類）21.B參考解析：public公眾的;traditional傳統(tǒng)的;official官方的;special特別的;根據(jù)語境可知，這里提到的應(yīng)該是傳統(tǒng)教育方式。22.C參考解析：考查動(dòng)詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.passes傳遞；B.works起作用；C.lies在于；D.ends結(jié)束。本句應(yīng)該分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：thelearning后是定語從句youreallywant，所以這里所填的是做謂語的動(dòng)詞。真正想要的學(xué)習(xí)卻不在上述的這些地方，在其他的地方。23.D參考解析：考查名詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.dream夢(mèng)想；B.idea想法；C.habit習(xí)慣；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。我有機(jī)會(huì)看到了這樣的學(xué)習(xí)。24.C參考解析：考查名詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.trip旅行；B.holiday假期；C.weekend周末；D.square廣場(chǎng)。從下文的周六的比賽會(huì)很艱苦和Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe31betweenSaturdayandSunday.可知，是周末發(fā)生的事。25.B參考解析：考查動(dòng)詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.won贏；B.entered進(jìn)入；參加；C.organized組織；D.watched觀看。從下文可知，女兒所在的足球隊(duì)打得好所以參加了錦標(biāo)賽。26.A參考解析：考查形容詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.painful痛苦的；B.strange奇怪的；C.common普通的；D.practical實(shí)用的。由語境可知，對(duì)手比作者女兒的隊(duì)bettertrained，可以推斷這將是一場(chǎng)痛苦的比賽。27.D參考解析：考查副詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.less少于；B.poorly差的；C.newly新的；D.better更好的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，參加錦標(biāo)賽的一般都是訓(xùn)練更好的隊(duì)伍。28.D參考解析：考查名詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.fans粉絲；B.tutors教練；C.class班；D.team隊(duì)。根據(jù)上下文可知，是女兒所在的足球隊(duì)沒進(jìn)球得分。29.B參考解析：考查動(dòng)詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.imagined想象；B.hated不喜歡；C.avoided避免；D.missed想念，錯(cuò)過。作為家長(zhǎng)，一般都不會(huì)喜歡看自己的孩子盡力了，又要輸。30.C參考解析：考查連詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.if如果；B.or或者；C.but但是；D.as因?yàn)?。根?jù)上文可知，沒進(jìn)球，自己的孩子盡力了卻要輸，這是作為家長(zhǎng)所不愿意看到的。31.A參考解析：考查名詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.girls女孩；B.parents家長(zhǎng)；C.coaches教練；D.viewers觀眾。本文一直在說女兒，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是說女孩子們的變化。32.B參考解析：考查動(dòng)詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.dressed給……穿衣服；B.showedup出現(xiàn)；C.madeup編造；D.planned計(jì)劃。從下文可知，周日和周六的表現(xiàn)完全不同。33.D參考解析：考查副詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.slightly輕微地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.basically基本地；D.completely完全地；根據(jù)后面文章可知，這些孩子們表現(xiàn)和之前完全不同，completely符合語境。34.A參考解析：考查動(dòng)詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.seen看；B.known知道；C.heard聽到；D.read讀。她們把她們所看到的球隊(duì)的打法運(yùn)用到自己的比賽中。35.C參考解析：考查名詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.styles風(fēng)格；B.training訓(xùn)練；C.game比賽；D.rules規(guī)則。她們把前一天在賽場(chǎng)上看到的打法和團(tuán)隊(duì)精神運(yùn)用到自己的賽場(chǎng)上。所以才和以前不同。36.A參考解析：考查對(duì)語境的理解。他們采用攻擊性的踢球，甚至進(jìn)了一個(gè)球。37.B參考解析：strikesb.意思是讓某人突然想到，符合語境。38.D參考解析：考查對(duì)語境的理解，單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)技巧。呼應(yīng)第一段。39.A參考解析：考查名詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.Experience經(jīng)歷；B.Independence獨(dú)立；C.Curiosity好奇；D.Interest興趣。結(jié)合全文的意思可知，經(jīng)歷是最好的老師。40.C參考解析：考查動(dòng)詞以及對(duì)語境的理解。A.harmfulto對(duì)……有傷害；B.mixedwith混合；C.differentfrom不同；D.appliedto應(yīng)用于。親身體驗(yàn)得到的東西和在學(xué)校里學(xué)到的可能不同，但是更有個(gè)性有意義。二、語法填空41.built參考解析：過去分詞做定語42.the參考解析：最高級(jí)前加the43.ability參考解析：their后接名詞，able名詞形式ability.44.using參考解析：介詞without后接動(dòng)名詞use去掉字母e再加-ing45.slowly參考解析：副詞修飾動(dòng)詞giveout.46.tocool參考解析：形容詞加enough后接不定式。47.at參考解析：atthesametime是固定詞組48.goes參考解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。這種循環(huán)日復(fù)一日。49.natural參考解析：形容詞做定語修飾名詞architects。50.how參考解析：根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用how修飾形容詞thick，連接賓語從句。第三部分.寫作一、短文改錯(cuò)（本文講述了小男孩Tony和父母上街購物，街上人多，