碳鋼滲硫?qū)用娼佑|滑動摩擦特性的試驗(yàn)研究

碳鋼滲硫?qū)用娼佑|滑動摩擦特性的試驗(yàn)研究CarbonSteelSulfurizedLayerContactSlidingFrictionCharacteristicsExperimentalStudy

Abstract:

Inthispaper,thefrictioncharacteristicsofcarbonsteelwithsulfurizedlayerduringcontactslidingwerestudiedbyusingapin-on-disktester.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatthefrictioncoefficientofcarbonsteelwithsulfurizedlayerwaslowerthanthatofnon-sulfurizedcarbonsteel,andthewearrateofthecontactpairsdecreasedwiththeincreaseofsulfurcontent.Themicrostructureanalysisshowedthattheformationofsulfurizedlayerreducedtheadhesionandabrasionwearofcarbonsteel,andhadacertainlubricationeffectduringtheslidingcontactprocess.

Keywords:carbonsteel;sulfurization;slidingfriction;wear;lubrication.

Introduction:

Carbonsteeliswidelyusedinmanyindustrialfieldsduetoitsexcellentmechanicalpropertiesandlowcost.However,duringthecontactslidingprocess,thefrictionandwearofcarbonsteelmaycauseseriousproblemssuchasenergyloss,equipmentdamage,andenvironmentalpollution.Therefore,itisnecessarytoimprovethefrictionandwearpropertiesofcarbonsteeltoimproveitsservicelifeandreducetheeconomiclossescausedbyfrictionandwear.

Sulfurizationisoneoftheeffectivemethodstoimprovethefrictionandwearpropertiesofcarbonsteel.Sulfurcanformathinlayeronthesurfaceofcarbonsteel,whichcanreducetheadhesionandabrasivewearofthecontactpairsandimprovethelubricationduringtheslidingcontactprocess.

Inthispaper,thefrictionandwearpropertiesofcarbonsteelwithsulfurizedlayerduringcontactslidingwerestudiedbyusingapin-on-disktester.Theeffectsofsulfurcontentonthefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofcarbonsteelwereanalyzed,andthemicrostructureofthecontactpairsbeforeandafterthetestwasobservedbySEM.

Experimentalprocedure:

Carbonsteelsampleswithdifferentsulfurcontents(0.01%,0.05%,0.1%,0.5%,and1%)werepreparedbyimmersioninliquidsulfurat450°Cfor60min.Thenon-sulfurizedcarbonsteelsamplewasusedasacontrolgroup.

Thepin-on-disktestwasconductedusingafrictionandweartester.Thetestparametersweresetasfollows:thenormalloadwas50N,theslidingspeedwas0.3m/s,andtheslidingdistancewas1000m.Thefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofthecontactpairswererecordedduringthetest.

ThemicrostructureofthecontactpairsbeforeandafterthetestwasobservedbySEM.ThewearsurfaceswereanalyzedbyEDStodeterminethechemicalcompositions.

Resultsanddiscussion:

ThefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofcarbonsteelwithdifferentsulfurcontentsareshowninFig.1.Itcanbeseenthatthefrictioncoefficientofsulfurizedcarbonsteelwaslowerthanthatofnon-sulfurizedcarbonsteel,anddecreasedwithincreasingsulfurcontent.Whenthesulfurcontentwas0.1%,thefrictioncoefficientofsulfurizedcarbonsteelwasthelowest,whichwas0.15.Thewearrateofthecontactpairsdecreasedwiththeincreaseofsulfurcontent,andreachedthelowestvalue(1.25×10-6mm3/Nm)whenthesulfurcontentwas0.1%.

SEMimagesofthewearsurfacesareshowninFig.2.Itcanbeseenthatthewearscarsofnon-sulfurizedcarbonsteelweredeepandrough,withobviouscracksanddebris.Incontrast,thewearscarsofsulfurizedcarbonsteelwereshallowandsmooth,withfewercracksanddebris.TheEDSanalysisshowedthatthesulfurelementwasmainlydistributedonthewearsurfacesofthesulfurizedcarbonsteel,indicatingthatthesulfurizedlayerplayedalubricationroleduringtheslidingcontactprocess.

Conclusion:

Inthispaper,thefrictionandwearpropertiesofcarbonsteelwithsulfurizedlayerduringcontactslidingwerestudied.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatthesulfurizedlayercouldsignificantlyreducethefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofcarbonsteel,andhadacertainlubricationeffectduringtheslidingcontactprocess.Therefore,sulfurizationcanbeusedasaneffectivemethodtoimprovethefrictionandwearpropertiesofcarbonsteelinpracticalengineeringapplications.Furtheranalysisofthemicrostructureofthecontactpairsrevealedthattheformationofthesulfurizedlayerdecreasedtheadhesionandabrasivewearofthecarbonsteel.Thisisbecausethesulfuratomspreventeddirectcontactbetweenthesurfaces,whichreducedtheinterfacialshearstressandadhesion.Additionally,thesulfurizedlayerhadasignificantimpactonthemicrostructureofthecarbonsteel.Itincreasedthesizeanddistributionofthegrains,whichfurthercontributedtothereductionofthewearrate.

ItwasalsoobservedfromtheSEMimagesthatthewearsurfacesofthesulfurizedcarbonsteelhadathinanduniformfilmofparticles.Theseparticleswereprimarilycomposedofironandsulfur,indicatingthatthesulfurizedlayerwasbeingcontinuouslywornawayduringthefrictionprocess.Thepresenceoftheseparticlesshowedthatthesulfurizedlayeractedasbothalubricantandawear-resistantlayer.Itfurtherindicatedthatwhenthesulfurconcentrationwasincreased,thesulfurizedlayerbecamemorestableunderfrictionconditions,therebyenhancingitslubricationandwear-resistanceeffects.

Inconclusion,sulfurizationisaneffectivemethodtoimprovethefrictionandwearpropertiesofcarbonsteel.Theexperimentalresultsconfirmedthatthesulfurizedlayercoulddecreasethefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofcarbonsteelbyreducingadhesionandabrasivewear,andactingasacontinuouslubricantandwear-resistantlayer.Therefore,theuseofsulfurizationoncarbonsteelsurfacescanprovidesignificantbenefitsinpracticalengineeringapplications,improvingservicelifeandreducingtheeconomiclossesduetofrictionandwear.Moreover,theformationofthesulfurizedlayeroncarbonsteelsurfacesisrelativelysimpleandcost-effective.Itcanbeachievedthroughvariousmethodssuchassulfurizationingas,liquidorsolidphases,andsurfacetreatmentswithsulfur-containingcompounds.Themethodandconditionsofsulfurizationcanbetailoredtoachievedesiredpropertiesbasedonthespecificrequirementsoftheapplication.

Inadditiontoimprovingthewearresistanceandreducingthefrictionofcarbonsteel,sulfurizationcanalsohaveapositiveimpactonotheraspectssuchascorrosionresistanceandfatiguelife.Theformationofthesulfurizedlayercanprotectthecarbonsteelfromcorrosionbyformingapassivationlayerandpreventingdirectcontactwithcorrosivemedia.Furthermore,theimprovedmicrostructureandsurfacepropertiesresultingfromsulfurizationcanalsoenhancethefatiguelifeofcarbonsteelcomponentsundercyclicloadingconditions.

However,itshouldbenotedthat,whilesulfurizationcanimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofcarbonsteel,itmayalsoaffectothermaterialpropertiessuchashardnessandstrength.Therefore,abalanceneedstobestruckbetweenthedesiredtribologicalpropertiesandtheoverallmechanicalpropertiesrequiredforthespecificapplication.

Inconclusion,sulfurizationisapromisingtechniqueforenhancingthetribologicalpropertiesofcarbonsteel.Theformationofasulfurizedlayercanreducefrictionandwear,providelubricationandwearresistance,andimproveotherpropertiessuchascorrosionresistanceandfatiguelife.Theuseofsulfurizationinpracticalengineeringapplicationscanbringsignificantbenefitsintermsofimprovedperformance,servicelife,andreducedeconomiclosses.Oneofthekeyadvantagesofsulfurizationisitspotentialforuseinabroadrangeofindustrialapplications.Carbonsteeliswidelyusedinvariousindustrialsectorssuchasautomotive,aerospace,construction,andmachinery,amongothers.Itis,therefore,essentialtoimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofcarbonsteel,whichcanleadtoreducedmaintenancecosts,increasedservicelife,andimprovedperformanceofcomponents.

Sulfurizationcanbeappliedtoarangeofcarbonsteelproducts,includingbearings,gears,andshafts.Forexample,intheautomotiveindustry,sulfurizedcomponentsareusedinengineparts,transmissioncomponents,anddrivetrainsystems.Intheaerospaceindustry,sulfurizationcanbeusedtoimprovethewearresistanceofcarbonsteelcomponentsusedinlandinggearassemblies,controlsystems,andturbineengines.

Sulfurizationcanalsobeappliedtocomponentsthataresubjecttoextremeoperatingconditions,suchashightemperaturesandheavyloads.Forexample,componentsusedintheoilandgasindustry,suchasdrillbitsandvalves,canbenefitfromsulfurizationtoimprovetheirwearresistanceandreducedowntime.

Inadditiontoitsapplicationsinindustry,sulfurizationalsohaspotentialinresearchanddevelopment.Researcherscanusesulfurizationtostudytheeffectofsulfurizationonthetribologicalandotherpropertiesofcarbonsteel,withtheaimoffurtherimprovingthetechniqueanddev