2023年初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法不定式句法功能詳解及典型考題分析

2023年初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法不定式句法功能詳解及典型考題分析1.不定式做主語(yǔ)(1)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，這類引導(dǎo)詞最常見(jiàn)的是for和of。這一類相應(yīng)的搭配有以下：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong。如：Doctorssaythatwalkingisoneofthebestmethodsforhumanbeingstokeepfit。醫(yī)生說(shuō)，走路幾乎是保持健康最好的方法。It’ssoconsiderateoftoarrangetheaccommodationforus。都幫我們安排了食宿，您真是考慮的太周到了。.(2)不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：掌握常用不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句型。注意不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，并采用相應(yīng)形式。如：besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed+todosth.例如：Youwerewarnednottoreadinthestronglight，causeitwillhurtyoureyesight。不要在強(qiáng)光下看書，會(huì)傷害你的眼睛。2.不定式做賓語(yǔ)掌握要求接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：afford,arrange,attempt,claim,desire,determine,expect,fail,guarantee,endeavor,intend,pledge,pretend,resolve,request,swear,tend,venture。如：Ican’taffordtobuyahouseofmyownnow.我現(xiàn)在還買不起自己的房子。3.不定式做定語(yǔ)(1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next,last,only,nota,the,very等限定詞時(shí)，該名詞用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如：Heisthelasthumanbeingtoseealivedinosaur他是最后一個(gè)看到活恐龍的人（哈哈，小編插一句，這也太傳奇了）(2)如果其動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)，相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如：decisiontodo→decidetodoHemadedecisiontodothehousework=hedecidedtodothehousework.(他決定做家務(wù)了)不定式五大考點(diǎn)解析動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成形式為"to+動(dòng)詞原形"，to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無(wú)意義。一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見(jiàn)的句式有：(1)Itis+形容詞(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+名詞(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+形容詞(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì);句式(4)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肅省)2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to(安徽省)Keys：1.A2.C3.take，to，build4.B動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)Keys：1.C2.A3.D動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江蘇省)MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肅省)Key：1.B2.C四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)go，come，try，do/tryone'sbest等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)。1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)Key：1.A2.C"be+形容詞+todosth"結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原因或方式3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肅省)Keys：3.D4.B5.A在上述"too+形容詞/副詞(forsb)todo…"(太……而不能……)和"enough(forsb)todo…"(足以、足夠……做……)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改為意思相同的句子)Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.(廣東省)7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改為意思相同的句子)Theiceonthelakewasn't______enough______people__________________.(廣東省)Keys：6.is，too，small，for7.thick，for，to，skate，on五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山東省)Key：1.C2.D3.D

典型不定式考題分析1.

Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation________informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.

presenting

B.

presented

C.

beingpresented

D.

topresent2.

Weareinvitedtoaparty________inourclubnextFriday.A.

tobeheld

B.

held

C.

beingheld

D.

holding3.

Theplay________nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.

produced

B.

beingproduced

C.

tobeproduced

D.

havingbeenproduced4.

Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew________withallbyourselveseveryday.A.

deal

B.

dealt

C.

todeal

D.

dealing5.

Davidthreatened________hisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.

tobereported

B.

reporting

C.

toreport

D.

havingreported6.

Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit________.A.

reusing

B.

reused

C.

reuses

D.

tobereused7.

________,thepayisn’tattractiveenough,thoughthejobitselfisquiteinteresting.A.

Generallyspeaking

B.

Onthecontrary

C.

Inparticular

D.

Tobehonest8.

________theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.

Competing

B.

Havingcompleted

C.

Tohavecompleted

D.

Tocomplete9.

________,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.

Beingawinner

B.

Tobeawinner

C.

Beawinner

D.

Havingbeenawinner10.

Thechildrenallturned________thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.

lookedat

B.

tolookat

C.

tolookingat

D.

lookat11.

Schoolsacross

China

areexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,________reduceunemploymentpressures.A.

help

B.

tohavehelped

C.

tohelp

D.

havinghelped1.【解析】D。此題考查usesthtodosth結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“用……做某事”，其中的不定式為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意為：他們都試圖用工作站的力量來(lái)更有效地展示信息。又如：Peopleuseaknifetocutthings.

人們用刀切東西。Theboyusedtheboxtokeephistoysin.

這男孩用這個(gè)箱子裝他的玩具。2.【解析】A。由于party與hold之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以可以首先排除選項(xiàng)D；再根據(jù)句中的nextFriday可知，hold所表示的動(dòng)詞尚未發(fā)生，所以要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。又如：Theywerenotveryinterestedintheelectiontobeheldnextmonth.

他們對(duì)下月舉行的選舉不太有興趣。3.【解析】C。根據(jù)句中的nextmonth可知，動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，故應(yīng)填不定式的被動(dòng)式。又如：Doyouknowanythingabouttheconferencetobeheldnextweek?

你對(duì)下星期召開(kāi)的會(huì)議有什么了解嗎?4.【解析】C。此題考查havesthtodo句式，其意為“有……要……”。句意為：隨著世界的快速變化，我們每天都要獨(dú)自處理一些新的事情。5.【解析】C。表示威脅要做某事，threaten后習(xí)慣上接不定式，不接動(dòng)名詞。又如：Mysecretaryhasthreatenedtoleave.

我的秘書威脅說(shuō)要辭