中考英語(yǔ) 第三輪 中考題型聚焦 閱讀理解

中考英語(yǔ)第三輪中考題型聚焦閱讀理解第1頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)在近3年遼寧各地市的中考試題中，閱讀理解大多數(shù)地方均為4篇，在形式上以選擇型(4選1)為主要類(lèi)型，并且大部分地區(qū)都會(huì)涉及一定量的圖畫(huà)或表格，以增強(qiáng)試題的趣味性。各地話題涉及廣泛，文體以記敘文和說(shuō)明文為主，少量涉及議論文，詞數(shù)均在200左右。記敘文的話題以故事類(lèi)為主，包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等，以道德教育為目的，每年至少有2篇涉及該話題，約占閱讀理解所有考查話題的50%。預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該話題。第2頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)廣告圖表類(lèi)閱讀理解的考查約占閱讀理解所有考查話題的25%。這類(lèi)話題一方面增加了試題的趣味性，另一方面貼近生活實(shí)際，能教會(huì)學(xué)生一些英語(yǔ)在生活中的運(yùn)用。分析近三年遼寧試題可知，廣告圖表類(lèi)涉及較多的是3～4組不同的小廣告或圖表組合，也會(huì)偶爾涉及某一個(gè)海報(bào)或某一則信息，所涉及的內(nèi)容多貼近人們的社會(huì)生活，或是一些奇聞?shì)W事。預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該形式。說(shuō)明文以介紹類(lèi)為主，包括飲食健康、咨詢(xún)建議、文化風(fēng)俗、科普知識(shí)、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、人物介紹、廣告信息等，內(nèi)容涉及廣泛，以了解知識(shí)為目的。每年中考試題中至少有1篇涉及該話題，約占閱讀理解所有考查話題的25%。預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該話題。第3頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)中考英語(yǔ)“閱讀理解”題主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。很多同學(xué)在做題時(shí)常常有一種“讀得懂做不對(duì)”的感覺(jué)。那么有必要對(duì)閱讀理解這種題型及其解題技巧作一些簡(jiǎn)要的分析。從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看，短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學(xué)知識(shí)、社會(huì)文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面，充分體現(xiàn)其時(shí)代性、實(shí)用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見(jiàn)考查點(diǎn)有主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題。做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問(wèn)題，弄清考點(diǎn)。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問(wèn)題，以便在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù)，快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后難。做題時(shí)不必拘泥于書(shū)中所呈現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)篇順序，應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原則。如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題，因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層理解，再作判斷。第4頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)(一)主旨大意題主旨大意題主要考查考生對(duì)文章主題思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。在解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，不能僅憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)斷章取義，涉及文章的標(biāo)題、結(jié)論等有關(guān)問(wèn)題，都要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理判斷，從而獲取文章中的內(nèi)在信息。短文往往回繞主題句展開(kāi)，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文的第一句或最后一句。各段的主題句通常出現(xiàn)在各段的首句。主旨大意題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：①What'sthemainideaofthispassage?②Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?第5頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)③Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?④Thewritermeanstotellusthat________．⑤Themainideaofthepassageisthat________．⑥Thepassageismainlyabout________．⑦Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat________．⑧Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith________．⑨What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?⑩Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage??Thebesttitleforthepassageis________．第6頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)(二)細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題要注意同義不同句。利用題目的關(guān)鍵詞(多為人名、地名、數(shù)字及其他專(zhuān)有名詞)，尋找文中對(duì)應(yīng)詞，在對(duì)應(yīng)詞周?chē)掖鸢富蛑苯釉谖闹兴阉鞔鸢?，?duì)號(hào)入座。這類(lèi)試題是針對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)計(jì)的。細(xì)節(jié)題在閱讀理解中占比重很大，閱讀時(shí)要特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：首先，閱讀時(shí)利用這類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞和詞組thatistosay，aboveall，especially，mainly等，把握文章的思路和脈絡(luò)。另外，在問(wèn)題的選項(xiàng)中表示絕對(duì)意義的詞least(最不)，always(總是)，never(永不)，all(所有)，none(一個(gè)也不)，any(任何)和表示唯一性的詞匯only(只有)，just(僅僅)，往往是命題的陷阱，因此要多加注意。第7頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)其次，必須以原文提供的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系為依據(jù)，切忌把自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法與原文或作者的觀點(diǎn)、看法混為一談。最后，文章中的數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間都是設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)，此類(lèi)題目很少是文章中直接列出的數(shù)字或日期，通常需要做簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。細(xì)節(jié)理解類(lèi)題目常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：①Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?②Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?③Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.④Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept________．⑤Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof...?⑥Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof...?第8頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)【例1】(2016，鐵嶺)

Itwasasummerday，alittleleafwascryingsadly.“What'swrong，littleleaf？”

thetreeasked.“It'sthewind，”

saidthelittleleaf，“hejusttoldmethathewouldthrowmeonthegroundtodieoneday.”

“Don'tbeafraid，baby.”thetreesaid，“justholdonme，andyouwon'tleavemeuntilyouareready.”Sothelittleleafstoppedcrying，andwentonsinginganddancing.Shegrewhappilyallthesummer.Whenautumncame，thelittleleafsawalltheleavesaroundhergrowingverybeautiful.Somewereyellow，somewerebrown，andothersturnedintodifferentcolors.第9頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Thenthelittleleafaskedthetreewhatthismeant.Thetreesaid，“Alltheseleavesaregettingreadytoflyaway，andtheyhaveputonthesecolorfulclothestowelcometheirnewlives.”Afterhearingthewords，thelittleleafbegantopreparetoleavelikeothers.However，shesawthatthetreehadnobrightcolors.Sothelittleleafasked，“Oh，bigtree!Whyareyougreywhileweareallbeautiful？”“It'sthecolorofourworkingclothes，”

saidthetreekindly.“Wemustweartheclothesbecausewehaven'tfinishedourwork，butyourclothesareforholidaysbecauseyourtaskisnowover.”Justthenawindcameandtookthelittleleafaway.Sheflewhappilyintheskyandexpectedhernewtrip.第10頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)【文章大意】本文是一篇哲理故事。文章通過(guò)葉子和大樹(shù)之間的對(duì)話，旨在告訴我們奉獻(xiàn)的意義。1．Thelittleleafwastold________wouldthrowheronthegroundtodie.

A．thewindB．thetreeC．theotherleavesD．thesky【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段首句可知，葉子告訴大樹(shù)，風(fēng)會(huì)把它刮到地上，直至死亡。答案：__A__第11頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)2．Alltheleaves________whentheyweregettingreadytoflyaway.A．turnedgreyB．putoncolorfulclothesC．criedsadlyD．sanganddancedhappily【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段“Alltheseleavesaregettingreadytoflyaway，andtheyhaveputonthesecolorfulclothestowelcometheirnewlives.”可知葉子們?cè)谝w走的時(shí)候，都穿上了五顏六色的衣服。答案：__B__第12頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)3．Whenthelittleleafwasgettingreadytoleave，shefound________．A．thetreebecamemorebeautifulB．theotherleaveswerecryingC．sheherselfturnedyellowD．thetreehadnobrightcolors【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第六段“However，shesawthatthetreehadnobrightcolors.”可知，在葉子準(zhǔn)備飛走的時(shí)候，她發(fā)現(xiàn)大樹(shù)沒(méi)有鮮艷的顏色。答案：__D__第13頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)4．Attheendofthestory，wecanknowthelittleleaf________．A．wassadtoleaveB．washappytoflyawayC．grewmorebeautifulD．stillgrewonthetree【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最后一段“Justthenawindcameandtookthelittleleafaway.Sheflewhappilyintheskyandexpectedhernewtrip.”可知，葉子高興地在天空中飛翔，并且期待著她的新旅行。答案：__B__第14頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)5．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．a(chǎn)summerdayB．a(chǎn)cruelwindC．a(chǎn)littleleafD．a(chǎn)bigtree【解析】主旨大意題。文章通過(guò)對(duì)葉子前后變化告訴我們奉獻(xiàn)的偉大之處。答案：__C__第15頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Atmyprimaryschool，Iwasoneofthesmartestkidsthere.Ineverstudied，butalwaysgotperfectscores.IthoughtIwasbornclever.AtleastIbelievedso.Iwasalsoa_prodigyinmusicaccordingtomyself.Icouldsingbetterthanalmosteveryoneelseinmyschool.IwasprettysurethatonceIgottosixthgrade，everyonewouldbesurprisedbyme.Butactually，theyweren't.第16頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)WhenIarrivedatmynewclass,Icouldn'twaittoshoweveryonewhatIcoulddo.However，therewasalwayssomeoneelsewhocoulddothembetter.Mygradesbegantosuffer.Moretalented(有天資的)girlsoftensangsolo(獨(dú)唱)．IbelievedIwasn'tsmart.IbelievedIwasn'ttalented.IbelievedIwasafailure.Overthenexttwoyears，Ihadtoworkveryhard.Everyprizeforthesingingcompetitionwasgiventomeforhardworkandeffort.Gradeswerestillverylowbutimprovinglittlebylittle.Iworkedreallyhard.However，Iwasneverthebestateverything.Ihaven'trealizeduntilrecentlythatIreallydon'thavetobethebestateverything.Iwastoohardonmyself.Infact，whenIdidbadlyinatest，myclassmatesneverlaughedatme.第17頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Nooneisperfect.Therewillprobablyalwaysbesomeonebetterthanmeatsomething.Anyway，thereareaboutsevenbillionpeopleinthisworld.Iwillneverbethenumberoneateverything，andthat'sreallyokay.1．Whatdoes“aprodigy”probablymeaninEnglish?A．Asmartkid.B．Acrazyfan.C．Acommonchild.D．Alazygirl.2．Whenthewriterwasatthenewclass.________．A．shelostherinterestinmusicB．shehaddifficultyinlearningC．shesurprisedeveryoneinsolosD．shegotseparatedfromfriends第18頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)3．Whathappenedtothewriterduringthenexttwoyears?A．Shewonmanyprizeswithoutanyeffort.B．Shefoundthebestwaytobecomeperfect.C．Shegaveuptryingbecauseofthelowscores.D．Shefailedtobeperfectthoughsheworkedhard.4．Whathasthewriterrealizedrecently?A．Thereisnosuccesswithouteffort.B．Beingtalentedisthekeytosuccess.C．Don'texpecttoomuchofyourself.D．It'snotnecessarytocareabouttheresult.第19頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)5．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．WhenIwasn'tperfectB．MypastlifeasayounggirlC．Hardworkdoesn'tworkD．Whattodowhenyou'renotperfect1～5.ABDCD第20頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)(三)推理判斷題推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論的題型，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。這類(lèi)推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。推理判斷題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：①I(mǎi)tcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat...②Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?③Thewritersuggeststhat...④Thewriterusestheexampleof...toshowthat...第21頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)⑤What'sthewriter'sattitudetoward...?⑥What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthepassage?⑦Fromthepassage，weknow...⑧Thewriterprobablyagreesthat...第22頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)(四)詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義的能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過(guò)閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。詞義猜測(cè)題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：①What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase...inChinese?②Theunderlinedword...refersto/probablymeans...③Theunderlinedword...couldbereplacedby...④Whatisthemeaningof...?⑤Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword...?第23頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)【例2】

(2016，營(yíng)口)Headteacher，teachers，grandparents，parentsandclassmates，I'mveryproudthatIhavebeenchosentospeaktoyoualltoday.I'mabitnervousasI'venevermadeaspeechbeforetosomanypeople，butI'lltrymybest.Asweallknow，thisistheschoolleavers'party，andit'stimetosaygoodbyetoeveryone.We'resorrytoleaveyouattheendofourjuniorhighschooleducation，andwepromisethatwe'llneverforgetthehappytimeswehavespentinthesebuildingswithyouall.I'dliketothankthreegroupsofpeopleforthethreethingsI'velearntwhileI'vebeenapupilatourschool.Thethreethingsarefriendship，loveandknowledge.第24頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Thefirstgroupismyfriends，andwhatI'velearntistheimportanceoffriendship.We'veworkedhardtogether，we'veevensharedsomedifficulttimestogether，butwe'vealsohadalotoffun.Manyofuswillgotonewschoolsandwemaynotseeeachothersoofteninthefuture.Otherswillgoontoseniorhighschoolandcontinuetheirclosefriendship.Butfriendsdon'thavetoseeeachotherallthetime.Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften.Alifewithoutoldfriendsislikeadaywithoutsunshine.We'llalwaysstayintouch.第25頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Thesecondgroupisourparentsandgrandparents.Wethankyoufortheloveyouhaveshownusduringouryearsatjuniorhighschool，formakingahomewherewefeelbothsafeandrelaxed，andwherewecanprepareourselvesforourschooldays.Wealsothankyouforyourhelpwithourhomework.Andfinally，thethirdgroupisourteachers.Wecanneverpayyoubackforyourkindness，yourpatience，andthegiftofknowledgewhichyouhaveofferedus；sometimesyou'vemadeusworkveryhard.Butyouhavealwaysbeenfairandyou'llalwaysbeourrolemodels.There'sasayingfromlrelandwhichisafavoriteofmine:Strangersareonlyfriendsyouhaven'tmetyet.Icouldn'tsayitbettermyself.Sofromthebottomofmyheart，Ithankyouallandwishyousuccessinthefuture.第26頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)【文章大意】本文是一篇演講稿。作者主要介紹了自己在校期間的三樣收獲：友誼、愛(ài)和知識(shí)，流露出作者對(duì)學(xué)校生活的不舍之情。1．________madethespeech.A．AteacherB．AstudentC．AparentD．Amanager【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章首句可推知，本文是一個(gè)學(xué)生的演講稿。答案：__B__第27頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)2．Thespeakersaysthankstomanypeopleexcept________．A．parentsB．friendsC．teachersD．a(chǎn)stronauts【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章四五六段首句可推知，作者在這篇演講稿里分別表達(dá)了對(duì)朋友、父母和祖父母及老師的感恩之情。答案：__D__第28頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)3．Theunderlinedword“treasure”means________inChineseaccordingtothepassage.A．財(cái)富B．珍藏C．珍惜D．寶藏【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第五、六句“Butfriendsdon'thavetoseeeachotherallthetime.Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften.”可知朋友并不用一直待在一起。有時(shí)候你最珍惜的朋友(反而)是你見(jiàn)的次數(shù)較少的。答案：__C__第29頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)4．Wheredoyouthinkthisspeechismade?A．Inaschool.B．Inahospital.C．Inafactory.D．Athome.【解析】推理判斷題。這篇文章是一位學(xué)生寫(xiě)的，因此最有可能是在學(xué)校完成的。答案：__A__第30頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)5．Whatcanweknowaccordingtothespeech?A．Iffriendsdon'tseeeachotherallthetime，theywillbestrangers.B．Parentscan'thelpuswithourhomework.C．Wecanpayteachersbackoneday.D．Studentscanlearnfriendship，loveandknowledgeatschool.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第五、六句“Butfriendsdon'thavetoseeeachotherallthetime.Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften.”可知A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句“Wealsothankyouforyourhelpwithourhomework.”可知B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Wecanneverpayyoubackforyourkindness...”可知C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Thethreethingsarefriendship，loveandknowledge.”可知D項(xiàng)表述正確。答案：__D__第31頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)(2016，朝陽(yáng))EverytimewhenIfeltupsetorsick，IlikedtogotoaspecialplacewhereIcouldrelaxmyself.Itistheclub.Ijoinedtheclub3yearsago.Mysisterrecommendedthisplacetome.TheytoldmethatIcouldfindlotsoffunthere.It'snearmyhouseandourhospital.Iusuallystayedtherefor2or3hoursandwenthome.IlovedtheclubbecauseIfeltcomfortablethere!Theclubonlyallowedwomentobemembers.Ididn'tworryaboutmyprivacy.Theclubwasthebiggestwomen'sclubinmycountrywheretherewasalotofspacet