福建省三明市百日咳流行病學(xué)監(jiān)測與社區(qū)人群抗體水平分析

福建省三明市百日咳流行病學(xué)監(jiān)測與社區(qū)人群抗體水平分析福建省三明市百日咳流行病學(xué)監(jiān)測與社區(qū)人群抗體水平分析

摘要：

背景：百日咳是一種常見的傳染病，嚴(yán)重影響了兒童的健康。福建省三明市是百日咳高發(fā)區(qū)之一。

目的：分析福建省三明市百日咳的流行情況，研究社區(qū)人群的抗體水平，為制定百日咳防控策略提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。

方法：回顧性分析福建省三明市2015年至2020年流行病學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)，包括發(fā)病率、年齡、季節(jié)和地區(qū)分布等。隨機(jī)抽取50名社區(qū)居民，采集血清，檢測百日咳抗體IgG水平。

結(jié)果：2015年至2020年，福建省三明市共報(bào)告百日咳病例1376例，其中兒童占絕大多數(shù)。最高的發(fā)病率出現(xiàn)在2017年。百日咳病例主要分布在鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)。社區(qū)人群百日咳抗體陽性率為66%。

結(jié)論：福建省三明市百日咳疫情呈上升趨勢，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注兒童防控。社區(qū)人群抗體所持水平明顯存在差異，需要加強(qiáng)疫苗接種與健康教育工作，提高社區(qū)居民的免疫水平。

關(guān)鍵詞：百日咳，福建省三明市，流行病學(xué)，抗體水平，社區(qū)居民

Abstract:

Background:Pertussisisacommoninfectiousdiseasethatseriouslyaffectschildren'shealth.SanmingCityinFujianProvinceisoneofthehigh-riskareasforpertussis.

Objective:ToanalyzetheepidemiologicalsituationofpertussisinSanmingCity,FujianProvinceandstudytheantibodylevelsofthecommunitypopulation,providingdatasupportforthedevelopmentofpertussispreventionandcontrolstrategies.

Methods:AretrospectiveanalysisofepidemiologicaldatainSanmingCityfrom2015to2020wasconducted,includingincidence,age,season,andregionaldistribution.Fiftycommunityresidentswererandomlyselected,andtheirserumsampleswerecollectedtodetectpertussisantibodyIgGlevels.

Results:From2015to2020,atotalof1,376casesofpertussiswerereportedinSanmingCity,FujianProvince,mostofwhichoccurredinchildren.Thehighestincidenceoccurredin2017.Pertussiscasesweremainlydistributedintownsandruralareas.Thepositiverateofpertussisantibodiesinthecommunitypopulationwas66%.

Conclusion:ThepertussisepidemicinSanmingCity,FujianProvinceisontherise,andthefocusshouldbeonpreventingandcontrollingpertussisinchildren.Thereareobviousdifferencesintheantibodylevelsofthecommunitypopulation,anditisnecessarytostrengthenvaccinationandhealtheducationtoimprovetheimmunityofcommunityresidents.

Keywords:Pertussis,SanmingCity,FujianProvince,Epidemiology,Antibodylevels,CommunityresidentPertussis,alsoknownaswhoopingcough,isahighlycontagiousrespiratorydiseasecausedbyBordetellapertussisbacteria.Itmainlyaffectsinfantsandyoungchildren,butcanalsoaffectadults,especiallythosewhohavenotbeenvaccinatedorhavenotreceivedaboostershotinadulthood.Thesymptomsincludecoughingfits,followedbyahigh-pitched“whoop”soundasthechildtriestocatchtheirbreath,vomiting,andexhaustion.

TherecentstudyconductedinSanmingCity,FujianProvince,highlightsthealarmingriseofpertussiscases.Theepidemicposesasignificantthreattochildren'shealthinthecommunity.Thestudyreportrevealedthatchildrenunderfiveyearsofagearethemostsusceptiblegroup,accountingforthehighestincidencerateofpertussisamongallagegroups.

Theresultsofthestudyalsoindicatedthattheantibodylevelsofthecommunityresidentsvarysignificantly.Theaverageantibodylevelwas14.32IU/ml,whichislowerthanthesuggestedprotectivelevelof15IU/ml.Theantibodylevelofthechildrenunderfivewassignificantlylowerthanthatoftheadults.Thegapinantibodylevelsbetweenadultsandchildrenmayincreasetheriskoftransmissionofthedisease.Itisessentialtoraisecommunityawarenessandeducationonpertussispreventionandvaccinationtoimproveimmunitylevelsamongcommunityresidents.

ThestudyclearlydemonstratestheneedformorevaccinationandhealtheducationprogramstopreventthespreadofpertussisinSanmingCity.Vaccinationsarethemosteffectivewaytoprotectagainstpertussis.Infantsandyoungchildrenshouldreceiveaseriesofpertussisvaccinations,andadultsshouldreceivetheboostershottomaintainimmunity.Additionally,healtheducationisessentialtoraiseawarenessamongthegeneralpublic.Communitiesandschoolsshoulddisseminateinformationonpertussis,symptoms,prevention,andtreatment.

Inconclusion,thefindingsofthestudyemphasizethatpertussisisasignificantpublichealthconcerninSanmingCity,FujianProvince.Childrenarethemostvulnerablegroup,andthereisanurgentneedtostrengthenthevaccinationandhealtheducationprogramstopreventandcontrolthisepidemic.Raisingcommunityawarenessandeducationiscriticaltoincreaseimmunitylevels,andultimatelypreventthespreadofpertussistovulnerablepopulationsFurthermore,healthcareprofessionalsmustremainvigilantindiagnosingandreportingcasesofpertussispromptly.Earlydiagnosisandtreatmentofpertussisarecrucialforimprovingpatientoutcomesandpreventingfurtherspreadofthedisease.Effectivetreatmentincludesadministeringantibioticstoshortenthedurationandseverityoftheillness,especiallyininfantswhoareathighriskofcomplications.

Moreover,contacttracingandisolationofinfectedindividualscanbeaneffectivecontrolmeasureinlimitingthespreadofpertussis.Closecontactsofconfirmedorsuspectedcasesshouldbeidentified,evaluated,andtreatedorvaccinatedaccordinglytopreventfurthertransmission.

Finally,researchanddevelopmentofmoreeffectiveandlong-lastingpertussisvaccinesarenecessary.Thereisaneedtoimprovethecurrentvaccine'sefficacy,especiallyinprotectingagainstlessseverebutmoreprolongedinfectionsinolderagegroups.

Inconclusion,pertussisremainsasignificantpublichealthconcerninmanypartsoftheworld,includingSanmingCity,FujianProvince.Thestudyhighlightstheneedforeffectivevaccinationprograms,healtheducation,earlydiagnosis,andprompttreatmenttocontrolthespreadofthedisease.Withincreasingcommunityawarenessandresearchefforts,itispossibletopreventandultimatelyeradicatepertussisasapublichealththreatInadditiontothemeasuresmentionedabove,thereareseveralotherstrategiesthatcanbeemployedtofurthercontrolthespreadofpertussis.Theseincludetheuseofantibioticsforprophylaxisinclosecontactsofindividualswithpertussis,improvingsurveillanceandreportingofpertussiscases,anddevelopingnewandmoreeffectivepertussisvaccines.

Antibioticprophylaxisisrecommendedforindividualswhohavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonediagnosedwithpertussis,particularlyiftheyareathighriskforseveredisease,suchasinfants,pregnantwomen,andindividualswithweakenedimmunesystems.Thisprophylaxiscanhelppreventthespreadofpertussistovulnerablepopulationsandreducetheseverityofdiseaseinthosewhodobecomeinfected.

Improvingsurveillanceandreportingofpertussiscasesisalsoimportantfortrackingthespreadofthediseaseandidentifyingareaswherevaccinationandothercontrolmeasuresmaybeneeded.Thisincludesenhancinglaboratorytestingforpertussis,improvingcommunicationbetweenhealthcareprovidersandpublichealthofficials,andimplementingeffectivesystemsfordatacollectionandanalysis.

Lastly,thereisongoingresearchintothedevelopmentofnewandmoreeffectivepertussisvaccines.Currentlyavailablevaccinesareeffectiveinpreventingseveredisease,buttheireffectivenesswanesovertimeandtheymaynotprovidefullprotectionagainstallstrainsofpertussis.Newvaccinesarebeingdevelopedthatcouldofferlonger-lastingimmunityandgreaterprotectionagainstawiderrangeofpertussisstrains.

Overall,whilepertussisremainsasignificantpublichealthconcern,thereareanumberofstrategiesthatcanbeemployedtocontrolitsspreadandultimatelypreventitsimpactonvulnerablepopulations.Theseeffortsrequireongoinginvestmentinres