模串-考試題2016xq?？颊Z(yǔ)

2016年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考[英語(yǔ)二考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守各項(xiàng)考場(chǎng)規(guī)則答案必須按要求填涂或?qū)懺谥付ǖ拇痤}卡上筆、或簽字筆在答題卡上作答.4．答題卡嚴(yán)禁折疊.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡（一）和答題卡（二）一起放入原試卷袋中，試卷交給監(jiān)考人員

SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDANSWERSHEET.(10Forfarmers,workingouttheoptimalamountofseed,fertilizer,pesticideandwatertoscatteronafieldcanmake,orbreak,the1harvest.Regularlaboratory2ofsoilandntsamplesfromvariouspartsofthefieldcanhelp—3suchexpertiseiscostly,andoften4.Anewandcheapermethodofngthisysis,5,isnow6 offer.Preciseprescriptionsforgrowingcropscanbeobtainedquickly,andless7,bymeasuringelectromagneticradiationreflectedfromfarmland.Thedataarecollectedbyorbitingsalites.Thespectrumofthisradiation—whichcanbeinthe8 ofeithernaturalsunlightorartificialradar—canreveal,withsurprising9,thepropertiesofthesoil,thetyofcropbeinggrown,andthelevelsinthosecropsofchlorophyll,variousminerals,moistureandother10oftheirquality.Ifrecentandforecastweather11areaddedtothe12,detailedmapscanbeproducedindicatingexactlyhow,whereandwhencropsshouldbegrown.Theserviceusuallycostslessthan$15perhectareayear,andcanincreaseyieldsbyasmuchas10%,and13more.Suchprecisionfarmingusingsa lite-basedin ligenceisstillinits14 .Evenso,itis 15quickly.Fivetimesayear, ,asa lite-surveillanceserviceprovidedbyacereal-growers’co-operativecalledSevépi(basedinDouains,France)e-mailsitsmembersamapoftheir 17,dividedintothreeorfourcolor-codedzonesperhectare.Foreachone,oneofabout50fertilizers18 mended.Ontopofthis,ifthestemsofthewheataretallandrainis 19,anappropriatedoseofgrowth-regulatorismendedforeachzone.(Long,fragilestemssnapmoreeasilyindownpours.)Farmvehiclesequippedwithglobal-positioning-systemlocatersautomaticallymixandapply dosetoeach[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A][B][C][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A][B][C][D]7.[A][B][D]8.[A][B][D]9.[A][B][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A][C][D]13.[A][B][C][D]14.[A][B][C][D]15.[A]heading[B]getting[C]going[D]catching16.[A]ina[B]asa[C]in[D]for17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A][B][C][D]Section ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)America’sgreatlabormarketslumpcontinuestocastitspallovertheeconomy,leavingonelonelygroupinparticularshroudedinshadows.Over6millionAmericans,morethan40%ofallthoseunemployed,havenowbeenoutofworkformorethansixmonths.Mostofthese,4.5million,haven’tworkedforayearormore.Thiscrisisoflong-termjoblessnessisunprecedentedinthepost-warperiod.Lacklustregrowthisthemainproblem.Thepaceofnewhiringcrashedduringtherecessionandhasscarcelyrecoveredsince.AlthoughAmerica’sunemploymentrateisdownapercentagepointfromitspeak,thisislittlecauseforcheer.Workersareescaunemploymentmoreslowlythanatanytimesince1948.Thelong-termunemployedarestrugglingmost;intheyeartoJune,thenewlyjoblesswerethreetimesmorelikelytofindnewworkinagivenmonththanthelong-termunemployed.ManyofthelatterhavegivenupOnemightexpectunemploymenttocarrylessstigmaafteradeeprecession—badtimes,ratherthan ing,beingthemorelikelyreasonforasacking.Yetaworker’slifetimeearningsaremorebyajoblossinaweakeconomy.Anexperiencedworkerlaidoffwhenunemploymentisat9%facesareductioninlifetimeearningsnearlytwicethatofsomeonesackedwhentherateis5%:alossof20%onaverage,accordingtonewworkbyStevenDavisandTillVonWachter.Theunemployedincreasinglyfacediscriminationinthehiringqueue,oftenenoughthatBarackObamaproposestobanthepractice.Sucharulemightencourageemployersnottohireatall,forfearoflegalaction.makersareslowlybeginningtorespondtothecrisis.BarackObama’sproposedAmericanJobsActwouldreauthoriseforanotheryearcurrentemergencyunemploymentbenefits,whichhelptosupportconsumptionamongthejobless,reducingpovertyandpropupdemand.Mr.Obamaproposestoincreasetheprogramme’sflexibility.Benefitscouldbeusedtosupplementwagesatbusinessesthatcuthoursratherthanlayoffworkers,forinstance.TheFederalReserveisalsopayingheed.AtaspeechinlateAugust,ChairmanBenBernankewarnedthatlong-termunemploymentcouldharmtheeconomy’slong-rungrowthprospects,thoughsincethenhehasdonelittletohelp.Nothingwouldbesoeffectiveasastrongeconomyandatightlabormarket.Despitegrowinginterestintheirtroubles,thatseemsadistantprospectforthoselanguishingontheedgeoftheworkingworld.WhatcanwelearnfromtheparagraphTherecessionleavestheunemployedinTherearemorethan40%ofAmericanswhoarelaidTheAmericaneducationisexperiencingunprecedentedcrisisinthepost-warThelabormarketdownturn eadragforAmericanAccordingtoStevenDavisandTillVon Aworker’slifetimeearningsarenothurtmorebyajoblossinaweakAnexperiencedworker’slifetimeearningsarehurtmorethananinexperiencedworker’swhentherateofunemploymentishigh.Anexperiencedworker’slifetimeearningsarehurtlessthananinexperiencedworker’swhentherateofunemploymentishigh.Thelaid-offincreasinglyfacediscriminationinthehiringWhichisnottrueaboutObama’sapproachestacklingtheTheunemploymentbenefitswillhelptocutdownpovertyandsupportTheunemploymentbenefitscouldbeusedtosupplementwagesatbusinessesthatdismissTheunemploymentbenefitsarereauthorizedforanotherTheworkingnsshouldbeWhatcanbethecontributingfactorsinsolvingthe ernment’sTheChairmanBenBernanke’sAboomingeconomyandasolidlaborMoreactsontheWhichisthebesttitleofthisTheSituationofLaborMarketinTheRavagesofTimeinAmericanLaborTheComingTheApproachesHandlingInFrance,thankstoainsurance ,bridesandbridegroomswithcoldfeetnolongerfacefinancialdisasterfromacanceledwedding.Forssmallpremium,theycantakeoutaprotectingthemfromlovegoneawayoranythingelsethatthreatenstoruinontheirbigday.DespiteFrance’seconomicwoes,theamountofmoneyspentonweddingisraising5-10percentayear.AndpeopleintheParisregionnowdishoutanaverageof60,000francsontyingtheknot.Butlifeisunpredictableandnon-refundable,soFrenchinsurershavesteppedintoeasetherisk,findingtheirownlittlenicheinthebusinessoflove.TheyjoincolleaguesinBritain,whereinsurerssayweddingcancellationpolicieshavebeenaroundforaboutadecade.About5percentofinsuredweddingtherenevermakesittothealtar.Indeed,bettersafethansorry.“Obviouslytherearesomewhoaresuperstitious,butingeneralpeopleliketheidea,”saidJacquelineLoeb,headofaParisianinsurance.Inthepastsixweeks,shehassold15policiesatapremiumofabout3percentoftheamountawantstobeinsuredfor.Thesecarefulcustomers,shesaid,haveincludedamanwhowasworriedhisfinancewouldhaveanallergicattackonherweddingdayandawomanwhosefuturemother-in-lawwasgravelyill.Thecoversthoseandothernuptialimpediments:anaccidentthatsacancellationofawedding,anunexpectedchangeofvenueforthereception,damagecausedatit,andevenhoneymoonsthatdonothappen.Asfortheultimatedeal-breaker,coldfeet,theyarealsoinsured-butonlyuntileightdaysbeforetheceremony.Britishinsurers,however,saidtheywouldnottouchthatclausewithastick.SteveWarner,salesdirectorofInsureExpo-SureinLondon,saysthesixpolicieshesellseachweekintheweddingseasonprotectagainstthingslikedamagedweddingdresses,illnessanddeath,butnotchangesofheart.“Disinclinationtomarryisnotcovered,”hesaid.MsLoed,whosayshersistheonlyFrenchagencyofferingweddingpolicies,saidshestartedtheservicelastDecember.AchateauoutsideParisthathostsreceptionswastakingabeatingfromlastminutecancellations,andapproachedMsLoedtoseeiftherewassomewayofprotectionitself.Sheobliged,andthenstaredadvertisingwithcaterersandweddingdepartmentsinlargedepartmentstores,andtheideahastakenoffnicely.”Werespondtoaneed,”shesaid.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“coldfeet”(line1paragraphThestatement“Indeed,bettersafethansorry”suggeststhat [A]everybodycanchoosetojointheinsurance[B]peopledesiretohavetheperfectweddingceremony[C]itisworthinsuringwedding[D]bettersafeisveryAccordingtothethirdparagraph,JacquelineLoeb’ssalesstorydemonstratesthat [A]somepeopleareloathtoresorttotheinsurance[B]theinsuranceincludesnuptialimpediments[C]thismeasureisprofitableformost [D]theinsurance mustgainAccordingtothepassage,whichisnotincludedintheBritishinsurance?[A]ImpairedweddingdressesWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthisInsuranceMarriageEconomicInaprosperousage,asweknow,politesocietyusuallyabsorbsthenewlyrichandinEnglandthereisneveranyshortageonetiquetteforteachingthemhowtoliveappropriaytheirnewlife.Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements:basicmoralduties;practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency;andartificial,optionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentsto,say,womenontheirbeautyorsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationsfortheweakandrespectforage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresenceofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzania,theyoungmenbowastheypassthehutsoftheelders.InEngland,untilaboutacenturyago,youngchildrendidnotsitintheirparent’spresencewithoutaskingpermission.Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesofsocialfileasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesorotherfunctionssothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinventionofthefork,etiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptascleanaspossible;beforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuse,etiquettesuggestedthatafterspitting, shouldrubthespitinconspicuouslyunderfoot.Extremelyrefinedbehavior,however,cultivatedasanartofgraciousliving,hasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealthandleisure,whichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.AfterthefallofRome,thefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivatelifeinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewastwelfth-centuryProvince,inFrance.Yettheessentialbasisofallgoodmannersdoesnotvary.Considerationfortheoldandweakandtheavoidanceofharmingorgivingunnecessaryoffencetoothersisafeatureofallsocietieseverywhereandatalllevelsfromthehighesttothelowest.Theexpression“etiquette”(line3paragraph1)probablymeans WhichofthefollowingstatementisnotincludedineverycodeofFundamentalEfficientGracefulReasonableAccordingtotheparagraph,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?[A]Practicalrulesyagoodroleinthesociety.[B]Wecanbenefitfromapplicatoryrulesaboutcommonthings.[C]Peoplecancultivaterefinedbehaviorinpublicce.[D]Wemustnoticeourbehaviorsbypracticalrules.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat [A]everybodymustbeenwellbroughtup[B]peoplecomplywiththefundamentalself-cultivation[C]someelementaryandwell-bredmodesshouldbethesame[D]excellentbehaviorscanbenotchangedTheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepassageseemstobe Dr.DavidLandescreditstheworld’seconomicandsocialprogressoverthelastthousandyearsto“Westerncivilizationanditsdissemination.”Thereason,hebelieves,isthatEuropeansinventedsystematiceconomicdevelopment.LandespointsoutthreeuniqueaspectsofEuropeanculturewerecrucialingredientsinEurope’seconomicgrowth.First,sciencedevelopedasanautonomousmethodofinlectualinquirythatsuccessfullydisengageditselffromthesocialconstrainsoforganizedreligionandfromthepoliticalconstrainsofcentralizedSecond,LandesapprovesofageneralizedformofMaxWeber’sthesisthatthevaluesofwork,initiative,andinvestmentmadethedifferenceforEurope.Despitehisemphasisonscience,Landesdoesnotstressthenotionofrationalityassuch.Inhisview,“whatcountsiswork,thrift,honesty,patience,andtenacity”Theonlyroutetoeconomicsuccessforindividualsorstatesisworkinghard,spendinglessthanyouearn,andinvestingtherestinproductivecapacity.Third,andperhapsmostimportant,Europeansweregoodlearners.EvenifEuropeanspossessedindigenousthatgavethemanadvantage,asLandesbelievestheydid,theirmostvitalassetwastheabilitytoassimilateknowledgefromaroundtheworldandputittouse----asinborrowingtheconceptofzeroandrediscoveringAristotle’sLogicfromtheArabsandtakingpaperandgunpowderfromtheviatheMuslimworld.However,LandesdoesnotarguethatEuropeanswerebeneficentbearersofcivilizationtoaunder-developedworld.Rather,hereliesonhisowncommonsenselaw:“Whenonegroupisstrongenoughtopushanotheraroundandstandstogainbyit,itwilldoso.”Incontrasttothenewschoolofworldhistorians,LandesbelievesthatspecificculturalvaluesenabledtechnologicaladvancesthatinturnmadesomeEuropeansstrongenoughtocruellydominatepeopleonotherpartsoftheworld.Byfocusingontheirvictimizationinthisprocess,Landesholds,somepostcolonialstateshavewastedenergythatcouldhavebeenputintoproductiveworkandinvestment.ThethrustofstudieslikeLandes’sistoidentifythosedistinctivefeaturesofEuropeancivilizationthatliebehindEurope’srisetopowerandthecreationofmodernitymoregenerally.Accordingtothepassage,whichisnotregardedastheuniqueaspectofEuropeanScienceThevaluesofwork,creativenessandGoodEconomicInparagraphtwo,“disengaged”(line2,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans Accordingtotheparagraph,whichofthestatementisnottrue?[A]Europeansapplytheknowledgetothepracticalusage.[B]Europeansarethemostexcellentlearners.[C]Europeanscanlearnthedifferentknowledgefromdifferentcountry.[D]Europeanshavetheadvantagesoftheindigenous.Author’sattitudetowardstothispassageis Thistextmainlydiscusses [A]thebenefitofEuropeansculture[B]theeconomyofdifferentcountries[C]thegrowthofsocialeconomy[D]theeffectofwesterncivilizationPartBYouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)MickeyMouse’sHowtoChooseaJapaneseProductionHowtoVivifyaCartoonAnimationisakindofmotionpicturescreatedbyrecordingaseriesofstillimages——ofdrawings,objects,orpeopleinvariouspositionsofincrementalmovement——thatwhenyedbacknolongerappearindividuallyasstaticimagesbutcombinetoproducetheillusionofunbrokenmotion.Thetermanimationappliestocreationsonfilm,,orcomputers,andeventomotiontoys,whichusuallyconsistofaseriesofdrawingsorphotographsonpaperthatareviewedwithamechanicaldeviceorbyflipthroughahand-heldsequenceofimages.Therearemanywaystocreateanimation,dependingonwhetherthematerialsusedareflat(suchasdrawings,paintings,orcut-outpiecesofpaper)ordimensional(suchasclay,puppets,householdobjects,orevenpeople).Ineachcase,ananimatormustkeepinmindthebasicprincipleofframespersecond(thenumberofimagesneededtoproduceonesecondoffilm).Becausesoundfilmrunsattwenty-fourframespersecond,afilmanimatormustmaketwenty-fourimagesforeachsecondofanimationthatheorshewishestocreate.Afterchoosinganideaforafilm,ananimatormustthinkaboutaconceptintermsofindividualactions.Forinstance,ifananimatordecidesonanactionthatwilltake3secondsofanimationtocomplete,theanimatorwillhavetocreateimagestofill72framesoffilm(3secondsofmovementmultipliedbyarunningspeedof24framespersecond).Animationhasbeenapartofcinemahistoryfromthetimethefirstmotionpicturesweremadeinthelate1800s.Someearlylive-actionfi,knownastrickfi,usedtheanimationtechniqueofstopaction,whereinthecameraisstoppedandanobjectisremovedoraddedtoashotbeforefilmingisresumed. ’sfounder,WaltDisney,wasborninChicago,Illinois,butgrewupinKansasCity,Missouri,wherehemetanimatorUbIwerksandcomposerCarlStalling,whoweretobeimportanttohisfuturesuccess.Disney(withhisthen-partnerIwerks)createdacharacterthatwasto ethemostfamousanimatedfigureinhistory:MickeyMouse.Japanesecartoon,knownasanime,blossomedafterWorldWar