江蘇南京師范大學附屬中學高三一模適應性考試英語試題（解析版）

第23頁/共24頁江蘇南師大附中高三一模適應性考試英語(本卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdidthewomanforget?A.Hergloves.B.Herscarf.C.Hercoat.2.Whatdoestheboysuggestdoing?A.Goingtothecircus.B.Playingwithsmallanimals.C.Takingatriptoafarm.3.Howfaristhelaststopsign?A.Twoblocksaway.B.Threeblocksaway.C.Fiveblocksaway.4.Whycouldn’tthewomanhearthemanclearly?A.Themanwaseating.B.Themanwasintheshower.C.Thewomanhasbadhearing.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inagasstation.B.Inaclinic.C.Inaninterviewroom.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howmanypeopleweregoingonthetripatfirst?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.7Whydoesthewomanwanttoreschedule?A.Theticketswillbecheaperlater.B.Thetripwillcostmorethanherbudget.C.Theeventwillbechangingplaces.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Familymembers.C.Strangers.9.Whydidbakersputanextrapieceofbreadinabaginthepast?A.Therewasmorespaceinthebag.B.Theywantedtomakethecustomershappy.C.Theywereafraidtobepunishedforgivingtoolittle.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthedinner?A.Nervous.B.Confident.C.Relaxed.11.Whodoesthewomanhavesomethingincommonwith?A.Theman’ssister.B.Theman’smother.C.Theman’sgrandma.12.Whatwillthewomanbringtothedinner?A.Somedecorations.B.Somethingtoeat.C.Somethingtodrink.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthegirl’sprojecttopicrelatedto?A.History.B.Foreignlanguage.C.Internationalrelations.14.WhenwillthetriptoParisbegin?A.OnFriday.B.Infivedays.C.Abouthalfamonthlater.15.Whatmighthelppersuadethegirl’sfathertolethergo?A.Thatmanyotherstudentswillbegoing.B.Thatalmosteverythingwillalreadybepaidfor.C.Thatthegroupwillvisitmanyinterestingplaces.16.Whoistheman?A.Theschoolprincipal.B.Acollegeprofessor.C.Ahighschoolteacher.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Accordingtothetalk,whatdomostpeopleagreeon?A.Peopleshouldeatlessmeat.B.Theendangeredanimalsshouldn’tbehunted.C.Huntingislikelytogodownworldwide.18.Whyaretheresomanywhite-taileddeerintheUnitedStates?A.Itisillegaltohuntthem.BOtheranimalsdon’tkillthem.C.Theirnaturalenvironmentisimprovingfast.19.Whatisthegoodreasonforhunterstoshootthedeer?A.Thedeercausecaraccidents.B.Thedeerdamagethecrop.C.Thedeerharmotheranimals.20.Whatisthebestargumentagainstdeerhunting?A.Itiscruel.B.Itleadstomorehumandeaths.C.Itdoesn’tkeeptheirnumbersdown.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ASpecialFoodPlacestoTryInSingaporeIt’sanunpleasantfactthatlocalfoodplacesareusuallymeanttocatertomeat-eaters.Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethatcaterstomeat-freediet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon’tneedmeatforasatisfactorytreat.VeganBurgVeganBurghasasurprisinglydiverserangeofplant-basedburgers.FromHawaiianTeriyakitoChar-GrilledSatay,themenupromisestotempteventhemosthardcoremeatlovers.Andthat’snotevengettingintotheadd-onsandsidesitoffers,suchasmushroomfriesandbarbecuepotatoes.WoodsSquareTower,#01-06,Singapore737737GenesisRestaurantThiseateryprovesthatmeat-freedishescanbeasheartyandflavorfulastheirmeat-basedcounterparts.GenesisRestaurantisespeciallyknownforitsjuicydumplings,springrolls,pork-freenoodlesandtofucheesecake.HavelockRoad,#B1-01,Singapore059763WellSmoochtCollectiveWellSmoochtisacafeanddessertbarwhichspecializesinplant-basedicecream.Madefrombrownrice,sugarcanejuiceandfruitsornutbutters,Smoocht’sricecream,astheycallit,comesinawidevarietyofdeliciousflavorssuchasEarlGreyLavender,RoseCoconutandGulaMelaka.SinMingCentre,#01-03,Singapore575628GreenCommonThisone-stopplant-basedeateryandmarketplacehasadeliciousmenuofmouth-wateringmeat-freedishes,fromJapanesecuisinelikesushiandmisoglazedfillettoWesterndisheslikefishlesstacosandpasta,aswellaslocalfavouritessuchasseafoodlaksaandevenbuahkeluakrice.HarbourFrontWalk,#169-170,Singapore0985851.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Thosewhowanttoloseweight.B.Thosewhodon’teatmeat.C.Thosewhocan’tgowithoutmeat.D.Thosewhopreferhome-madefood.2.WhatisGenesisRestaurantfamousfor?A.Chinese-friendlyfood. B.Plant-basedburgers.C.Plant-basedice-cream. D.Japaneseseafood.3.Whereshouldyougoifyouhaveasweettooth?A.WoodsSquareTower,#01-06.B.HavelockRoad,#B1-01.C.SinMingCentre,#01-03.D.HarbourFrontWalk,#169-170.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了新加坡的素食美食。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethatcaterstomeat-freediet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon’tneedmeatforasatisfactorytreat.(很難找到一個迎合無肉飲食的美食場所。這里有一些選擇，告訴你不需要吃肉就能得到令人滿意的款待。)”可推知，這篇文章是寫給那些不吃肉或魚的人的。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GenesisRestaurant部分中的“GenesisRestaurantisespeciallyknownforitsjuicydumplings,springrolls,pork-freenoodlesandtofucheesecake.(GenesisRestaurant尤其以其多汁的餃子、春卷、無豬肉面和豆腐芝士蛋糕而聞名。)”可知，GenesisRestaurant以中餐聞名。故選A。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WellSmoochtCollective部分中的“WellSmoochtisacafeanddessertbarwhichspecialisesinplant-basedicecream..(WellSmoocht是一家專營植物性冰淇淋的咖啡館和甜品吧。)”及“SinMingCentre,#01-03,Singapore575628”可知，如果你喜歡吃甜食，你應該去SinMingCentre,#01-03。故選C。BSocietytellsusweshouldsocialisetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethemostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we’realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthroughourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.Butthere’ssomethingtobesaidforsolitude(獨處),“Beingalonedoesn’tnecessarilymeanbeinglonely”.Infact,spendingtimebyyourselfisanessentialelementofself-care.Aroundtheglobe,differentcultureshavewide-rangingperspectivesonwhatitmeanstospendtimealone.IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you’reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendtorejectsolitude.Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunchwithfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.TheUnitedStatesisn’ttheonlyplacewhereyou’llfindaheavyemphasisonsocialtime.AcrosstheAtlantic,theUnitedKingdomisknownforbeinganextremelyextroverted(外向型的)country.AsurveyofBritsfoundthatmorethanhalfhadneverdoneandwouldbeunwillingtodoactivitieslikegoingtothemeparksorseeinglivemusicalone.MostBritsspendalmosttwiceasmuchoftheirleisuretimesocialisingwithothersastheydobeingalone.Thehomecanbeaplaceofrest,relaxationandrecharge—thatis,ifyoulivebyyourselforhavethespacetobealoneinyourhome.ThecountryinwhichpeopleareleastlikelytolivealoneisIndia,atabout4percentofthepopulation.Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsoflifearerelatedtocommunity.Thus,spendingtimealoneisn’tasingrained(根深蒂固的)asasocialconventioninplaceslikethese,andthegoodofthegrouptakespriorityovertheneedsofoneperson.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Peoplecanbenefitmorefromsolitude.B.Peopletendtosocialisemorenowadays.C.Beingalonegenerallyequalsbeinglonely.D.Beingaloneenablespeopletobecarefree.5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesyoungAmericans?A.Imaginativeandwild. B.Responsibleandenergetic.C.Optimisticanddutiful. D.Outgoingandsociable.6.WhyaremostChinesepeoplemorelikelytolivetogether?A.Becausetheyshareaspecificculture.B.Becausetheylacksomelocalcustoms.C.Becausetheypossessenoughhomespace.D.Becausetheygiveprioritytotheirownneeds.7.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEssenceofSelf-care B.EnjoySolitude,EnjoyYourselfC.TheFunctionsofDifferentCultures D.ThePerspectivesonSolitude【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了不同文化對獨處的不同看法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Societytellsusweshouldsocialisetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethemostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we’realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthroughourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.(社會告訴我們，我們應該充分地社交，那些被人包圍的人是最成功和最快樂的。如今，我們幾乎總是聯(lián)系在一起，無論是面對面，還是通過手機屏幕和在線社交網(wǎng)絡。)”可知，如今我們幾乎總是聯(lián)系在一起，無論是面對面還是通過手機屏幕和社交網(wǎng)絡；由此可推知，如今的人們更傾向于社交。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you’reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendtorejectsolitude.Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunchwithfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.(如果你住在美國或曾在美國生活過一段時間，你可能會意識到美國人傾向于拒絕獨處。對許多年輕人來說，周末充滿了社交活動，從和朋友吃早午餐到晚宴，從游戲之夜到酒吧喝酒，以及介于這兩者之間的一切。)”可知，美國的年輕人周末充滿了社交活動。由此可推知，美國的年輕人都比較好社交。故選D項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsoflifearerelatedtoaroundcommunity.(中國也很喜歡多口之家，只有大約10%的人獨自生活。在這些更集體主義的文化中，生活的許多方面都與周圍的社區(qū)有關。)”可知，大多數(shù)中國人更喜歡住在一起的原因是中國這種集體主義文化。故選A項。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句“Aroundtheglobe,differentcultureshavewide-rangingperspectivesonwhatitmeanstospendtimealone.(在世界各地，不同的文化對獨處的意義有著不同的看法。)”可知不同的文化對獨處有著不同的看法；文章第二、三、四段分別談到了美國、英國、印度和中國等國家的人對獨處的看法。由此可知，本文主要談到了不同國家對獨處的看法。D項“ThePerspectivesonSolitude(對獨處的看法)”最能概括本文內容。故選D項。COnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.The57-year-oldMarylandresidenthadbeenhospitalizedformonthsduetoalifethreateningdisease.Hisheartwasfailinghimandheneededanewone.Bennett’sconditionlefthimunresponsivetotreatmentandineligible(不合格)forthetransplantlistoranartificialheartpump.Thephysician-scientistsatthecenter,however,hadanother-alsorisky-option:transplant(移植)aheartfromagenetically-modifiedpig.“Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant,”Bennetthadtoldsurgeonsadaybeforetheoperation.“Iwanttolive.Iknowit’sashotinthedark,butit’salsomylastchoice.”Ittookthemedicalteameighthourstofinishtheoperation,makingBennettthefirsthumantosuccessfullyreceiveapig’sheart.“It’sworkinganditlooksnormal.Wearethrilled,butwedon’tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.Thishasneverbeendonebefore,”BarkleyGriffith,wholedthetransplantteam,toldtheNewYorkTimes.Whileit’sonlybeenfivedayssincetheoperation,thesurgeonssaythatBennett’snewpigheartwas,sofar,functioningasexpectedandhisbodywasn’trejecting(排斥)theorgan.Theyarestillmonitoringhisconditionclosely.“Ithinkit’sextremelyexciting,”saysRobertMontgomery,transplantsurgeonanddirectoroftheNYULangoneTransplantInstitute,whowasnotinvolvedinBennett’soperation.TheresultoftheprocedurewasalsopersonallymeaningfulforMontgomery,whoreceivedahearttransplantin2018duetoageneticdiseasethatmayalsoaffectmembersofhisfamilyinthefuture.“It’sstillintheearlydays,butstilltheheartseemstobefunctioning.Andthatinandofitselfisanextraordinarything.Uptonowmostexperimentalhearttransplantprocedureshavebeendonebetweenpigsandotheranimals.Thisisthefirsttimethatsurgeonshavetakenitintoalivinghuman.”8.Whatdothewords“ashotinthedark”underlinedinParagraph3mean?A.Somethingthatcostsafortune.B.Somethingimpossibletosucceed.C.Somethingdrawingpublicattention.D.Somethingwithanuncertainoutcome.9.WhatisBarkleyGriffith’sattitudetoBennett’spost-operationcondition?A.Negative.B.Cautious.C.Optimistic.D.Uncaring.10.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theheateddebateoverthepighearttransplant.B.DavidBennett’scontributiontomedicalresearch.C.Thefirstexperimentalpighearttransplantintheworld.D.Thefirstsuccessfulpighearttransplantintoalivinghuman.11.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.PoliticalAffairs.B.GlobalEntertainment.C.Sci-TechFront.D.FinancialWindow.【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了全球第一次成功的豬心移植到活人體內。【8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文““Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant,”Bennetthadtoldsurgeonsadaybeforetheoperation.(“要么死，要么做移植手術，”班尼特在手術前一天告訴外科醫(yī)生)”及下文“butit’salsomylastchoice.(但這也是我最后的選擇)”可推知，班尼特不確定手術是否成功。由此推知，劃線短語ashotinthedark的意思是“結果不確定的事情”。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的““It’sworkinganditlooksnormal.Wearethrilled,butwedon’tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.Thishasneverbeendonebefore,”BarkleyGriffith,wholedthetransplantteam,toldtheNewYorkTimes.(“它正在工作，看起來很正常。我們很興奮，但我們不知道明天會給我們帶來什么。這是前所未有的，”領導移植團隊的巴克利·格里菲斯在接受《紐約時報》采訪時表示)”可推知，巴克利·格里菲斯對本內特的術后情況持謹慎態(tài)度。故選B?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.(1月7日，大衛(wèi)·班尼特走進馬里蘭大學醫(yī)學中心的手術室，進行一項從未在人類身上進行過的手術)”和“Hisheartwasfailinghimandheneededanewone.(他的心臟衰竭了，他需要一個新的心臟)”根據(jù)第二段“Thephysician-scientistsatthecenter,however,hadanother-alsorisky-option:transplant(移植)aheartfromagenetically-modifiedpig.”（然而，該中心的醫(yī)生和科學家們還有另一個同樣有風險的選擇:從一只轉基因豬身上移植心臟。）及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了全球第一次成功的豬心移植到活人體內。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.(1月7日，大衛(wèi)·班尼特走進馬里蘭大學醫(yī)學中心的手術室，進行一項從未在人類身上進行過的手術)”及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了全球第一次成功的豬心移植到活人體內。由此推知，這篇文章也許會出現(xiàn)在雜志的科技前沿部分。故選C。DWomenwerelesslikelythanmentosupporttheVietnamwar,theGulfwar,ortheinvasionsofAfghanistanandIraq.Theycommitfarfewermurders.Theyarelesslikelytofavorstrikes.Forsomescholars,thesearegroundsforthinkingthataworldrunbywomenwouldbemorepeaceful.ButEuropeanhistorysuggestsotherwiseaccordingtopoliticalscientistsOeindrilaDubeandS.P.Harish.TheystudiedhowoftenEuropeanrulerswenttowarbetween1480and1913,andfoundthatstatesruledbyqueenswere27%morelikelytogetinvolvedinwarsthanthoseruledbykings.Thiswasnotallthequeens’fault:men,seeingthemassofttargets,tendedtoattackthem.FredericktheGreatofPrussiaoncedeclared:”Nowomanshouldeverbeallowedtogovernanything.“Shortlyafterbecomingking,heattackedthenewlycrownedArchduchessofAustria,MariaTheresa,andseizedSilesiaprovince.Despiteyearsofwar,sheneverrecoveredit.Butperceivedweaknessisnotthewholestory.Queens,theresearchersfound,weremorelikelytogainnewterritory.CatherinetheGreatexpandedherempirebysome200,000squaremiles.Andmarriedqueensweremoreaggressivethansinglequeensorkings,whethersingleormarried.Theauthorssuggestseveralreasonsforthis.First,marriedqueensmayhavebeenabletoformmoremilitaryalliances(聯(lián)盟),makingthemconfidentenoughtopickfights.Theirhusbandshadoftenservedinthearmybeforetheymarried,andwerewellplacedtostrengthenmilitarytiesbetweentheirhomelandsandtheirwives’states.Second,unlikemostkings,queensoftengavetheirhusbandsalotofpower,puttingtheminchargeofforeignpolicyortheeconomy.Duringthe1740s,MariaTheresa’shusband,FrancisI,reformedtheAustrianeconomyandraisedmoneyforthearmedforceswhilehiswiferuledmuchofcentralEurope.PrinceAlbertwasQueenVictoria’smosttrustedadviser,shapingherforeignpolicyuntilhisdeathin1861.Thisdivisionoflabor,theauthorssuggest,freeduptimeforqueenstopursuemoreaggressivepolicies.Themodernera,too,haswitnessedfemaleleadersinwars:GoldaMeirandtheYomKippurwar,orMargaretThatcherandtheFalklands.Thenumberofcountriesledbywomenhasmorethandoubledsince2000,butthereisplentyofroomforimprovement:thecurrentlevelof15representslessthan10%ofthetotal.Aworldinwhichmorewomentookpowermightbemoreequal.Whetheritwouldbemorepeacefulisadifferentquestion.12.Theunderlined“perceivedweakness”inparagraph4meansthat________.A.womenwerelesslikelytosupportwarsB.womencouldnotrecoverlostterritoryC.womencommitfarfewercrimesD.womenweresofttargets13.Whyweremarriedqueensmorelikelytogainnewterritory?A.Becausetheirmilitaryalliancespickedfightsforthem.B.Becausetheywereambitiousandaggressivebynature.C.Becausetheirhusbandsweresupportiveinstategoverning.D.Becausetheycentralizedallpowerintotheirownhands.14.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningthetwofemaleleadersinthelastparagraph?A.Toimplythereisroomforimprovementingenderequality.B.Toindicatemorefemalesbecomeleadersinmoderntimes.C.Toillustratefemaleleaderscannotpreventwarsinmoderntimes.D.Tosuggestfemaleleadershavetheirshareofwarsinmoderntimes.15.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelyconcludethat________.A.marriedwomenarenotfittogoverntheirstatesontheirownB.femaleleadersshouldberesponsibleforallwarsthroughouthistoryC.theworldwouldn’tbemorepeacefulevenifmorewomentookpowerD.thedivisionoflaborallowsqueenstosurviveeconomiccrisis【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了由女性執(zhí)政的國家歷史上并不比男性執(zhí)政的國家和平，已婚女王帶領的國家其實經歷了更多的戰(zhàn)爭?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“Thiswasnotallthequeens’fault:men,seeingthemassofttargets,tendedtoattackthem.(這不全是女王的錯：男人們把他們視為軟目標，傾向于攻擊他們)”以及下文可知，男人們將女人看作軟柿子，傾向于攻擊她們，然后舉例證明男人攻擊女性執(zhí)政的國家，而第四段卻表示這不是完整的故事，說明劃線詞應該指代上文男性對女性的輕視，因此畫線的句子應該理解為“認為女人是軟柿子”。故選D。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Theauthorssuggestseveralreasonsforthis.First,marriedqueensmayhavebeenabletoformmoremilitaryalliances(聯(lián)盟),makingthemconfidentenoughtopickfights.Theirhusbandshadoftenservedinthearmybeforetheymarried,andwerewellplacedtostrengthenmilitarytiesbetweentheirhomelandsandtheirwives’states.(作者提出了幾個原因。首先，已婚皇后可能已經能夠形成更多的軍事聯(lián)盟，使他們有足夠的信心挑起戰(zhàn)爭。他們的丈夫在結婚前經常在軍隊服役，他們處于有利地位，可以加強祖國和妻子所在州之間的軍事聯(lián)系)”可知，他們的丈夫會幫助其管理國家。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話“Themodernera,too,haswitnessedfemaleleadersinwars:GoldaMeirandtheYomKippurwar,orMargaretThatcherandtheFalklands.(現(xiàn)代也見證了戰(zhàn)爭中的女性領導人：戈爾達·梅爾和贖罪日戰(zhàn)爭，或者瑪格麗特·撒切爾和?？颂m群島)”可知，這里舉例是想表明當代的女性領導者也在戰(zhàn)爭中有參與。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后兩句話“Aworldinwhichmorewomentookpowermightbemoreequal.Whetheritwouldbemorepeacefulisadifferentquestion.(一個有更多女性掌權的世界可能會更加平等。是否會更和平是另一個問題)”可知，越來越多女性執(zhí)政可能世界會更平等，但是是否更和平就是另一回事了，且前面一直介紹歷史上和現(xiàn)代女性執(zhí)政者都參與戰(zhàn)爭，所以我們可以總結出就算更多女性執(zhí)政，世界也不會變得更加和平。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld'sgreatestinventions.Itwas,forexample,thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoins,peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.___16___Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.___17___In1200BC,peopleinChinabegantouseshells(貝殼)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances,andallowedfortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention,manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.___18___Thenextdevelopmentwasin1000BC,whenChinastartedmakingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn'tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.___19___By500BC,metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece,andlaterintheRomanEmpire.About1,000yearslater,leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina,andin806AD,thefirstpaperbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople.___20___A.Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.B.Duringthattime,forexample,buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.C.ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.D.However,aseconomiesdeveloped,suchexchangesbecameimpractical.E.Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.F.Astimewentby,tradebetweencountriesincreased.G.Thefirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.G20.C【解析】【分析】本文屬于歷史知識。主要講述了中國是世界上許多偉大發(fā)明的發(fā)源地。文中介紹了貨幣的發(fā)展過程，由實物交換到貝殼貨幣再到金屬圓硬幣，最后發(fā)明了紙幣，成為世界上第一個運用紙幣的國家。【16題詳解】考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。句意：在紙幣和硬幣發(fā)明之前，人們用許多不同的東西來買賣。例如，在那期間，買一只雞可能要用一些土豆來（交換）。分析句意可知，在紙幣發(fā)明前人們用實物來買賣，分析句子可知F項Duringthattime,forexample,buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.就是那個時代的一個例子。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)下文的內容可知，在公元前1200年中國人開始使用貝殼作為貨幣，這就很容易攜帶錢到遠方。所以上一段提到的用實物的方式不方便，不實用。分析選項可知B項However,aseconomiesdeveloped,suchexchangesbecameimpractical.承上啟下，故選D項。【18題詳解】考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)上句內容，在這項發(fā)明之后的幾年里，世界上許多其他國家也開始這樣做，即就是也使用貝殼來作為貨幣。分析選項可知D項（Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.）符合題意，故選E?！?9題詳解】考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本空的上下文內容可知，這時貨幣出現(xiàn)了新的發(fā)展，即出現(xiàn)金屬貨幣。分析選項可知，G項Thefirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.（最早的硬幣上常有洞，以便人們可以把它們串在一起）與本段coins,有多處同詞的復現(xiàn)。G項符合題意，故選G?！?0題詳解】考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段主要講述了紙幣最早出現(xiàn)在中國。前一句說“在公元806年，最初的紙幣是由中國人制作的?！狈治鲞x項可知C項ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.有詞papercurrency的復現(xiàn)，很多年后紙幣才在歐洲出現(xiàn)。C項符合題意，故選C項。【點睛】七選五題型解題技巧該題型選項大致可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內容）；過渡性句子（文章結構）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）三類。正確的解題思路分為兩步：（1）首當其沖看首段，跳過空格快速通讀全篇，了解文章大意。（2）精讀空格前后兩句，利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格。由于七選五空出的是整個句子，而這些句子與句子之間，必然有一種聯(lián)系，因此我們可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關聯(lián)性，從而選擇正確的答案。如第2、3、4小題主要根據(jù)空格前后兩句而得出的。（3）看選項，找出與空前空后句中心詞同義，近義或相關性的詞語。實現(xiàn)關鍵詞的對接，先易后難，各個突破。此外要通過句子的邏輯關系或句子的標點來判斷該句在文章的位置。正確選項的特點：復現(xiàn)，包括同義反復，反義反復（，如第4和第5小題都有同一個詞的復現(xiàn)）。（4）解題的關鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。尤其要注意代詞，連詞等。如表示轉折關系的but，though,however等。第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ThedayImetHaniIrmawati,shewasashy,17-year-oldgirlstandingaloneintheparkinglotoftheinternationalschoolinIndonesia,whereIteachEnglish.SheaskedifIcouldhelpherimproveherEnglish.Icould___21___ittookimmensecouragefortheyoungIndonesiangirlto___22___meandaskforhelp.“IwanttogotoaUSuniversity,”shesaidwithconfidence.Iwassurprised.Iagreedtoworkwithher___23___avolunteerbasis.Forseveralmonths,Haniwokeeachmorningatfiveandcaughtthecitybustoherpublichighschool.Duringtheone-hour___24___,shestudiedforherregularclassesandfinishedtheEnglish___25___Ihadgivenher.Atfouro’clockintheafternoon,shearrivedatmyclassroom,___26___butreadytowork.WhenImetHani’sfamilyattheir___27___littlehouse,IrealizedtheywouldneverbeabletoaffordtheexpensesofaUSuniversity.Hani’senthusiasmwas___28___withherlanguageability,butIwasbecomingmoreandmorediscouraged.OnedayIreceivedtheannouncementofa(n)___29___opportunityforamajorUSuniversity.Afterreadingtherequirements,IknewHanicouldn’tmeetthequalifications.Itoldherthattherewasonlya___30___chanceofhergettingthescholarshipandencouragedhertobemore“realistic”aboutherdream.Butsheremained___31___.“Willyousendinmyname?”sheasked.Icouldn’t___32___herdown.Icompletedtheapplication,withthepainfultruthaboutheracademiclife,butalsowithmy___33___ofhercourageandperseverance.Threeweekslater,justbeforeHaniwenttoJakartatotaketheTestofEnglishFluency,shereceivedaletterfromthescholarshipassociation.Shehadbeen___34___.Ileapedaroundtheroom,overjoyedandshocked.Hanistoodby,smiling.IrealizedthatitwasIwhohadlearnedsomethingHanihadknownfromthebeginning:Itisnotintelligencealonethatbringssuccess,butalsothe___35___tosucceed,thecommitmenttoworkhardandthecouragetobelieveinyourself.21.A.believe B.tell C.spot D.expect22.A.convince B.excuse C.turn D.approach23.A.as B.in C.on D.by24.A.ride B.break C.stay D.class25.A.accent B.assignment C.guideline D.journal26.A.excited B.bored C.exhausted D.confused27.A.humble B.comfortable C.ugly D.untidy28A.decreasing B.increasing C.showing D.fading29.A.promotion B.growth C.scholarship D.investment30.A.fair B.solid C.slim D.real31.A.genuine B.subjective C.practical D.determined32.A.put B.take C.break D.turn33.A.concern B.praise C.criticism D.analysis34.A.impressed B.rejected C.confirmed D.accepted35.A.drive B.wisdom C.pressure D.secret【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.B26.C27.A28.B29.C30.C31.D32.D33.B34.D35.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹的是一個家境貧困的印尼女孩Hani的自信和努力學習的決心使她成功獲得原本機會渺茫的獎學金的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我看得出來，這個年輕的印尼女孩向我尋求幫助需要極大的勇氣。A.believe相信；B.tell辨別；C.spot發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.expect期待。根據(jù)上文“Shewasashy,17-year-oldgirlstandingaloneintheparkinglotoftheinternationalschoolinIndonesia”可知，作者能夠看的出來印尼女孩以極大的勇氣向作者尋求幫助。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.convince使信服；B.excuse推脫；C.turn轉向；D.approach接近。根據(jù)后文“askforhelp”可知，印尼女孩接近作者尋求幫助。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我同意以志愿者的身份為基礎和她一起工作。A.as作為；B.in在……里面；C.on在……上面；D.by通過。句中“onavolunteerbasis”為固定搭配，意為“以志愿工作為基礎”即表示作者同意無償幫助印尼女孩學習英語。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個小時的車程中，她學習了常規(guī)課程，完成了我布置給她的英語作業(yè)。A.ride車程；B.break休息；C.stay停留；D.class班級。根據(jù)前文“caughtthecitybustoherpublichighschool.”可知，印尼女孩坐公車去她的公立高中，在這一小時的車程中她完成了作者布置的任務。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.accent口音；B.assignment任務；C.guideline方針；D.journal期刊。根據(jù)后文“Ihadgivenher.”可知，作者布置給女孩的任務。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：下午四點，她來到我的教室，筋疲力盡，但準備開始學習。A.excited興奮的；B.bored無聊的；C.exhausted疲勞的；D.confused困惑的。根據(jù)前文“Duringtheone-hour____4___,shestudiedforherregularclassesandfinishedtheEnglish____5____Ihadgivenher.”可知，女孩經過了一小時的車程，又完成了作者布置的任務，當?shù)竭_作者辦公室的時候，她是疲勞的。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我在女孩家簡陋的小房子里見到她的家人時，我意識到他們永遠無法負擔美國大學的費用。A.humble簡陋的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.ugly丑陋的；D.untidy不整潔的。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ittlehouse”和后文“IrealizedtheywouldneverbeabletoaffordtheexpensesofaUSuniversity.”可知，女孩和家人住在簡陋的小房子中。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Hani的熱情隨著她的語言能力而增強，但我卻越來越氣餒。A.decreasing減少；B.increasing增加；C.showing展示；D.fading褪色。根據(jù)后文的“withherlanguageability”可知，女孩的熱情隨著她的語言能力而增強。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我收到了美國一所重點大學的獎學金通知。A.pro