連詞 優(yōu)秀公開(kāi)課

2022年智卓教育特別策劃專(zhuān)題7連詞【中考指導(dǎo)●難點(diǎn)突破】◆中考指導(dǎo)連詞是用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或從句的詞，分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。河南中考從以下幾個(gè)方面考查學(xué)生對(duì)連詞的掌握程度：1.并列連詞2.連接賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞3.連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞4.連接目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞5.if,unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句6.though,eventhough,evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句◆難點(diǎn)突破一、連詞的定義連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)、句子與句子的詞，叫連詞。例如：Itisneithertoocoldnortoohotinspring.（neither…nor連接兩個(gè)詞）Youcanreadeitherinthemorningorintheafternoon.（either…or連接兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)）HuLanwaslateyesterdaybecauseshewokeuptoolate.（because連接兩個(gè)句子）二、連詞的種類(lèi)和?？歼B詞的用法從連詞本身的含意及其所連接的成分的性質(zhì)來(lái)看，可分為兩類(lèi)：并列連詞和從屬連詞。一）并列連詞。用來(lái)連接有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句的連詞是并列連詞；并列連詞連接分句構(gòu)成并列句。（一）常用來(lái)并列同類(lèi)性質(zhì)的詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)的并列連詞and,or,neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso,both...and：1.and和，并且MyunclelivesandworksinShanghai.我叔叔在上海居住和工作。He'sbigandtall.他很高大。2.or或（非否定句中）、和（否定句中）Areyouateacherorastudent?你是老師還是學(xué)生？Youcantakesomefoodorsomemoney.

你可以帶點(diǎn)吃的或帶點(diǎn)錢(qián)。Idon’tlikereadingorwriting.我既不喜歡讀，也不喜歡寫(xiě)。...or,要么……要么……，或者……或者……neither...nor,既不……也不……both...and,既……又……notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……YoucancometoseemeeitheronSundayoronSaturday.你要么在周日來(lái)，要么在周六來(lái)。Idon'tlikeitscolor,itiseithertoodarkortoolight.我不喜歡它的顏色，不是太暗就是太淺。Theboyisbothtallandfat.那個(gè)男孩又高又胖。Mydaughtercannotonlysingbutalsodance.我的女兒不僅能唱，還會(huì)跳。注：當(dāng)either...or...,neither...nor,notonly...,butalso...并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最靠近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面保持一致。如：Eitherhisparentsorhehimselfisathomenow.要么他父母在家，要么他自己在家。NeithermyclassmatesnorIamreadingnow.我和同學(xué)們都沒(méi)有閱讀。NotonlyherfriendsbutalsoLucywashereyesterday.昨天，不僅僅她的朋友在這兒，Lucy也在這兒。（二）常見(jiàn)的并列分句構(gòu)成并列句的連詞有and，or，but，so1.or否則相當(dāng)于一個(gè)否定條件句。Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.快點(diǎn)，否則你就要遲到了。(Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.)2.and這樣的話(huà)，就會(huì)……，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)肯定條件句Studyhard,andyoucangetgoodgrades.努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)取得高分。(Ifyoustudyhard,youcangetgoodgrades.)3.but但是，可是，而前后分句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系MrMottisverypoor,buthefeelshappy.Mott先生很窮，但他感到快樂(lè)。4.so于是，因此并列具有因果關(guān)系的兩個(gè)分句。WewantedtolearntheEnglishsongs,soweaskedtheteachertoteachus.我們想學(xué)英文歌，于是請(qǐng)老師教我們。（二）從屬連詞。引導(dǎo)從句的連詞叫做從屬連詞，分連接代詞和連接副詞兩種。1.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的有that,when,where,who,why,what,if,whether1).that用于引導(dǎo)陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以省去，如：ShesaysthatshelikeswatchingTVverymuch.2).when,where,who,why,what等連接副詞連接由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Doyouknowwhenthetrainarrives?Canyoutellmewhereyoucomefrom?Iwanttoknowwhoyouarelookingfor.Thestudentissayingwhyhewaslateforschool.Iwilltellherwhatmyfavouritesubjectis.3).if,whether連接有一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Theyarewonderingiftheycangetthemoneyback.Sheaskedthelibrarianwhethershehadtopayforthelostbook.注：下列幾種情況下不能使用if來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。=1\*GB2⑴介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句不能使用if引導(dǎo)Areyouinterestedinwhethershewillcomehere?=2\*GB2⑵后跟ornot時(shí)，不能使用if引導(dǎo)I’mnotsurewhetherornottheshopisopen.=3\*GB2⑶當(dāng)后跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，不能使用if引導(dǎo)DoyouknowwhethertogototheGreatWalltomorrow?2.引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有when，until，after,before,assoonas,since,for,although，if，because，sothat，asif,so…that,while等。1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有when，while,until，after,before,assoonas,since2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有if,unless3）引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有because4）引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有so….that/such…that5）引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有than,as…as注：1).當(dāng)主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，when,assoonas,until,after,before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句及if,unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的含意。如：Shewilltellyouwhensheseesyou.Iwon'tgiveyouthemoneyunlessyougivemethebook.2).當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)不發(fā)生變化。試對(duì)比：Idon’tknowifhewillcometomorrow.(賓語(yǔ)從句)Iwilltellhimthestoryifhecomestomorrow.(狀語(yǔ)從句)3.常用引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞的用法1)after在……之后Iarrivedatthestationafterthetrainhadleft.我到車(chē)站時(shí)火車(chē)已走了。2)assoonas一……就IwillcallonyouassoonasIgetthere.我一到那兒，就去拜訪(fǎng)您。3)before在……之前Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.離開(kāi)教室前請(qǐng)把燈關(guān)掉。4)till直到（=until）,till多用到肯定句，且不用到句首。Lastnightheworkedtillhisfathercameback.昨晚他工作到爸爸回來(lái)。注：until用到肯定句中時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，until引導(dǎo)的句子用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)束點(diǎn)，主句不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)；until用到否定句中時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定是短暫動(dòng)詞，表示“不到……（短暫動(dòng)詞）不發(fā)生”，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“直到……才……”。如：Thestudentstudieduntilhisteachercamein.那個(gè)學(xué)生一直學(xué)到老師進(jìn)來(lái)。Shedidn’tleaveuntilshesawme.她不見(jiàn)我不走。（直到見(jiàn)到我她才走。）5)when當(dāng)，當(dāng)……之時(shí)，就在那時(shí)（1）當(dāng)，當(dāng)……之時(shí)WhenIgothome,hewashavingsupper.（2）就在那個(gè)時(shí)候Wewerepickingapples,whenitbegantorain.我們正在摘蘋(píng)果，忽然天下雨了。6)while當(dāng)……的時(shí)候（狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的）Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhilepeopleareworking.注：1)只有從句謂語(yǔ)是表示延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when,while才有可能互相替代。例如：While/whenweweredancing,astrangercamein.Whenhehasfinishedhishomework,hetakesshortrest.Whenmymothercameback,wewerewatchingTV.2)從句的動(dòng)作比主句的動(dòng)作先（后）發(fā)生時(shí)，不能用while只能when。從句中是瞬間性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用when。7)if假如Hewillcomeifyouaskhim.你如果請(qǐng)他，他就會(huì)來(lái)。8）unless除非，如果不WegofishingeverySunday,unlessitrains.9)though(although)/butThoughhewasold,hestillworkedhard.Theboyisyoung,buthecanlookafterhissickmother.注：以though或although引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，若從句有though或although，主句之前不能用but；反之，當(dāng)后面的句子之前有but連接，其前的分句也不可用though或although，二者只能擇一。10)because因?yàn)镾hewaslatebecauseitrainedheavily.=Shewaslatebecauseoftheheavyrain.注：（1）because和becauseof均可表示“因?yàn)椤?。前者是連詞，引導(dǎo)從句，后者是介詞，后跟名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。（2）不可受漢語(yǔ)“因?yàn)椤浴钡挠绊?，把so,because用于同一個(gè)句子，只可用其一。11）since自從……以來(lái)ItistenyearssinceIleftBeijing.12）so…that/such…that如此……以至于（表示結(jié)果）Heworkedsohardthatheforgottohavesupper.Heissohard-workingthathewillsurelypasstheexamination.Heworkssohardthathewillsurelypasstheexamination.Heissuchahard-workingstudentthathewillsurelypasstheexamination.注：在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中不能使用其它形容詞或副詞與that對(duì)應(yīng)，只能使用so或such。so修飾形容詞或副詞，such修飾名詞。13）than比Winteriscolderthananyotherseason.冬季比任何其他季節(jié)都冷。14）as…as和……一樣Thisbuildingisashighasthatone.這幢樓和那幢樓一樣高?！究碱}透析●命題展望】例1：一Becareful,________youwillmakemistakesinyourexams.—Iknowthat,canneverbetoocareful.解析：前后分句之間是否定條件關(guān)系“否則的話(huà)”，用連詞or；and表示肯定條件關(guān)系“你就會(huì)……”答案：B命題規(guī)律：此類(lèi)試題考查學(xué)生是否會(huì)用and，or，nor，but。例2：______Lily_______Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly…butalsoB.Neither…norC.Both…andD.Either…or解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)選擇并列連詞，本句缺一個(gè)表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞“或者……或者……”。答案：D命題規(guī)律：此類(lèi)試題考查學(xué)生能否正確使用Notonly…butalso，Neither…nor，Both…and，Either…or【專(zhuān)題闖關(guān)●新題預(yù)測(cè)】1.Themanis____apoliceman______athief.Stophim.A.notonly;butalsoB.either;orC.not;butD.either;nor2.—Hello,Mr.Huang!—I'msorry,_______Idon’tthinkIknowyou.A.andB.orC.butD.because3.—Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?—I'dliketo,________I'mtoobusy.A.andB.ifC.soD.butSmithisanEnglishteacher________willteachusEnglishnextterm.A.orB.andC.butD.socuttingtrees,________theearthwillbecomeworseandworse.A.andB.thenC.butD.or6.Hurryup,_______you'llbelateforclass.A.butB.orC.andD.if7._______Jim_____Katebrokethemirror.Thecatdid.A.Both…andB.Either…orC.Neither…norD.Not…but8.Mr.Blackisrich,________heisnothappy.A.andB.orC.butD.不填9.Workhard,________youwillpassthedrivingtest.A.orB.butC.becauseD.and10.Doyouwanttostayathome________goshoppingwithus?A.andB.butC.orD.so11.Ihavetogonow,________I'llbelateforthelastbus.A.andB.butC.soD.or12.—IsTomatschooltoday?—No.He'sathome______hehasabadcold.A.becauseB.ifC.untilD.before13.SomepassengerswerewalkingthroughoneofthebighallsatParis'CharlesDeGaulleairport________thewholeroof（屋頂）felldown.A.whileB.assoonasC.whenD.after14.Jackspendsmuchmoneyonbooks________heisnotsorich.A.thoughB.whenC.ifD.because15.Ineverseemtoloseanyweight,_________hardItry.A.eventhoughB.nomatterhowC.asifD.eversince16.—Howdoyouliketheconcertgivenbythe"FoxyLadies"?—Exciting,_________onepieceofthemusicwasn'tplayedquitewell.A.soB.thoughC.becauseD.and17.—It'salongstory,butyoucanhardlyfindnewwordsinit.—Good!_______itwillbetoohardforchildren.A.SoB.AndC.ButD.Or18.—IhearthatSangLancan_______walk_______runtil