世茂城住宅小區(qū)景觀工程成本控制探究,風(fēng)景園林碩士論文

世茂城住宅小區(qū)景觀工程成本控制探究,風(fēng)景園林碩士論文Inthemodernsocietywithrapideconomicdevelopment,withtheimprovementofpeoplesmateriallife,peoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontotheimprovementoftheirqualityoflife.Inadditiontofocusingontheenvironmentweliveon,thereisaresidentialenvironmentthatiscloselyrelatedtoeveryone.Therefore,theresidentiallandscapeenvironmentisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantforconsumerstodistinguishthegoodorbadoftheresidentialproducts,whichleadstotheattentionoftheopenmerchantstobeautifytheresidentialenvironmentandimprovethelivingqualityoftheresidents.However,ifonlythebeautyofthelandscapeandtheeffectofart,andnoteffectivecostcontrol,thecostofconstructionwilleventuallyleadtoariseinthecostofconstruction.Thisresultisnosmallburdenforconsumersordevelopers.Atpresent,atpresent,themaininfluencingfactorsoflandscapecostcontrolathomeandabroadarestudiedandthemainfactorsthatleadtohighcostofresidentiallandscapeareexplored.Afterthedemonstrationofexamples,themethodsandsuggestionstobettercontrolthelandscapecostareputforwardtomaximizetheprofitandachievethebestlandscapeefficiencywiththeminimumlandscapeengineeringcost.Fruit.Intheactuallandscapedesignandconstruction,thehighinputofthelandscapeisblindlypursuedatthepresentstage,includingtheblindinputoftheearlydesignandconstructionandthelatermaintenance,inordertoachievethehighlevelofthelandscapequalityandtheuseeffect,resultinginthewasteofcapital,manpowerandmaterialresources.Butitshouldbenotedthattheinputoflandscapeisnotdirectlyproportionaltotheoutputoflandscape.Therefore,thehighinvestmentintheprocessofconstruction,maintenanceandmanagementafterthedesignanddesignoftheprojectwillonlyresultinthehighcostlandscapeofthewasteoflandscape.Atpresent,theresultofcontrollinglandscapecostinChinaistoseektheconstructionoflowcostlandscape,itsessenceislowcostandhighbenefit,thatis,rationalresourceinvestment,andstrivetopursuegreaterbenefitswithlesscost,includingthefunctional,artistic,ecological,economicandsocialbenefitrealizationoflandscapeeffect.Therefore,theconstructionoflowcostandhighbenefitlandscapeisasustainabledevelopmentroadwhichneedstobeexploredanddevelopedinthefuture.Inthestudy,thetheoryandpracticeofimprovingthelowcostlandscapeconstantlyisakindofthinkingofpeopleontheecologicalenvironmentprobleminthegreatwaveofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.ThispapercombinesthetechnologyoflandscapecostcontrolinChengduShimaocityandthemethodoftargetcost,responsibilitycostandactivity-basedcosting.Thefollowingmainconclusionsaredrawnasfollows:toimprovethevalueofresidentiallandscape,thatistomaketheresidentialareamorefunctional,moreaesthetic,andmorebeneficialtotheecologicalaspects.Itisnecessarytomakeaseriesofpracticesummingupandformaseriesofmethodsystemoflandscapecostcontrol.Atthedesignstage,biddingstage,constructionstageandmaintenancestage,thefollowingconclusionsaredrawn.(1)Thefactorsthataffectthecostoflandscapemainlyinclude:spatiallayoutindesign,selectionofmaterialvarieties,designproportionofsoftsceneryandhardscenery.(2)Throughthecomparisonofmanualfee,materialfeeandmechanicalfee,themainreasonsthataffectthecomprehensiveunitpriceoflandscapecostareobtained,anditisusedinthepracticeofengineeringcontrolcostinthefuture.(3)Becausethecostofhardsceneryismuchhigherthanthecostofsoftscenery,itisthemostimportantfactorforthecostcontroltoincreasethedesignratioofthesoftsceneryandreducethedesignratioofthehardscene.(4)Becauseofthedifferenceinthesite,especiallyintheplantconfiguration,thesoftsceneisbasedontheconceptofdifferentplantspecificationsanddifferentprices,comparingthedifferencesbetweenprices,andtakingcorrespondingcontrolmeasures.Makethecostminimumandachievethebesteffect.Therefore,ifwewanttomaximizethecontroloflandscapecosts,weneedtostrictlycontrolthetargetcostofthelandscapeinthedesignstageoftheproject.Keywords:Landscapeengineering；costcontrol；projectcost;residentiallandscape.第1章、緒論。1.1、研究背景。自21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，我們國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)水平不斷地提高，人們的生活水平也在不斷提升，相應(yīng)地對(duì)于環(huán)境品質(zhì)的追求也是越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈。如今隨著園林綠化景觀工程行業(yè)日益蓬勃發(fā)展，也包括住宅類(lèi)景觀工程，隨著各種各類(lèi)的園林綠化相關(guān)企業(yè)的數(shù)量劇增，施工單位、設(shè)計(jì)單位還是地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)愈演愈烈。而隨著住宅景觀市場(chǎng)程度的不斷發(fā)展，伴隨著市場(chǎng)中出現(xiàn)的惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)象頻發(fā)，競(jìng)標(biāo)價(jià)格的存心故意壓低了住宅景觀建筑施工企業(yè)生存和發(fā)展環(huán)境，在這種情況下，迫使施工企業(yè)必須把景觀工程項(xiàng)目成本管理提高到一個(gè)更高層次的管理層面。然而，現(xiàn)前階段我們國(guó)家大多數(shù)的景觀工程施工項(xiàng)目在成本管理控制方面采取的還是那樣是粗放式管理形式，景觀成本管理效果也非常差，成本控制的結(jié)果也不理想。景觀工程項(xiàng)目成本管理在整個(gè)景觀工程運(yùn)行經(jīng)過(guò)中得不到較高的重視度，在景觀工程成本管理經(jīng)過(guò)中大部分的企業(yè)以及工程項(xiàng)目部景觀成本預(yù)測(cè)能力比擬差，并且預(yù)測(cè)景觀成本和實(shí)際景觀成本存在較大的偏差，導(dǎo)致景觀工程實(shí)際利潤(rùn)值大打折扣甚至出現(xiàn)虧損。而且大多數(shù)住宅園林綠化施工企業(yè)項(xiàng)目成本管理方式落后，導(dǎo)致景觀園林施工實(shí)際成本遠(yuǎn)高于目的成本。以上所列情況，對(duì)住宅景觀工程企業(yè)的成本管理水平和住宅景觀成本經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的提高造成了嚴(yán)重阻礙作用，削弱了住宅景觀開(kāi)發(fā)商企業(yè)的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，制約了住宅景觀園林企業(yè)的發(fā)展。住宅景觀工程項(xiàng)目成本控制不僅關(guān)聯(lián)到景觀住宅景觀園林企業(yè)的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，而且還關(guān)系著整個(gè)社會(huì)中人力、物力以及財(cái)務(wù)資源等與住宅景觀園林企業(yè)有密切關(guān)系的管理內(nèi)容。1.2、研究目的與意義。1.2.1、研究目的。本文通過(guò)對(duì)成都市世茂城住宅景觀工程造價(jià)管理的實(shí)際情況，以及當(dāng)前住宅景觀造價(jià)管理中存在的問(wèn)題，對(duì)于現(xiàn)前階段住宅景觀工程市場(chǎng)中存在高投入低產(chǎn)出，以及住宅景觀成本控制不優(yōu)化等現(xiàn)在狀況進(jìn)行了具體分析，總結(jié)當(dāng)前住宅景觀成本控制的普遍性問(wèn)題，討論應(yīng)采取何種優(yōu)化住宅景觀成本控制的方式方法，同時(shí)提升住宅園林景觀工程的合理性?xún)r(jià)比。本文以低成本投入和高質(zhì)量景觀兩者之間的平衡點(diǎn)作為管理住宅景觀成本的主要思路，以歸納出更具針對(duì)性和實(shí)用性的低成本住宅景觀造價(jià)管理控制的理論體系，為更好地改良當(dāng)前住宅景觀工程成本控制管理現(xiàn)在狀況中出現(xiàn)的不妥之處，為新施行的住宅園林景觀工程成本控制研究提供積極指引，改變景觀工程成本控制的管理現(xiàn)在狀況。終極目的是低成本投入，比照高成本景觀投入，期望獲得一樣的景觀效果，彰顯一樣的景觀生態(tài)、景觀美學(xué)、景觀經(jīng)濟(jì)等功能。本論文的研究目的是最終實(shí)現(xiàn)執(zhí)行集約、節(jié)約，避免造成社會(huì)資源浪費(fèi)或者過(guò)度消耗，高消耗的園林景觀不僅浪費(fèi)資源，而且不一定能夠做到很好的景觀質(zhì)感。既造成不必要的浪費(fèi)，又沒(méi)有預(yù)期的效果，而作為追求利益最大化的開(kāi)放商而言，在景觀功能與景觀成本之間權(quán)衡定奪，總結(jié)得出提升景觀價(jià)值的基本途徑，并通過(guò)一系列的景觀設(shè)計(jì)和成本管理上的技巧，探求更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)低成本化的住宅景觀，并到達(dá)最佳的景觀效果的方式方法