高考英語難點注意6定語從句解題的黃金規(guī)律-先行詞、關系代詞的句法功能

難點6定語從句解題的黃金規(guī)律——先行詞、關系代（副）詞的句法功能在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等和關系副詞where,when,why等。關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中擔任句子成分?！耠y點磁場1.(★★★★)—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthatthereason________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)2.(★★★★★)Meetingmyuncleafterallthesewasanunforgettablemoment,________Iwillalwaystreasure.(NMET2022)3.(★★★★)Alecaskedthepoliceman________heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.(上海2022)himwhom4.(★★★★)There’safeelinginme________we’llneverknowwhataUFOis.which（上海2022）5.(★★★★)Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museum,andsomeotherplaces,________othervisitorsseldomgo.6.(★★★★)AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown________hegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)7.(★★★★★)CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,________personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET1999)8.(★★★★★)Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.(NMET2000)●案例探究filmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.(NMET2022)命題意圖：考查學生對定語從句的掌握，屬于五星級題目。知識依托：先行詞是表示時間的詞，從句中缺少狀語，通常用關系副詞when。錯解分析：本題有一定難度，主要是由于在先行詞和定語從句之間有其他的詞。解題方法與技巧：首先要找準先行詞，先行詞hours表示的是時間，當先行詞是表示時間的詞時，可能有2種情況：如果從句中缺少狀語，通常用關系副詞when，如題；如果在從句中缺少主語或賓語，通常用關系代詞that或which。答案：Cknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2022)命題意圖：考查學生對定語從句中關系代詞as的用法。屬于五星級題目。知識依托：as引導非限制性定語從句。錯解分析：A項迷惑性較大。但it是形式主語，后應用that從句作真正主語。如：It’sknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.解題方法與技巧：根據(jù)題干的逗號可以判斷，空缺處應填關系代詞as，引導非限制性定語從句。在這種用法中，as的意思是“正像”“像”“那樣”，定語從句則表達了說話人的對某事的態(tài)度和看法。答案：B●錦囊妙計1.由who,whom,whose引導的定語從句：這類定語從句中，who用作主語，whom用作賓語，whose用作定語。例如：Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?引導的定語從句：which在從句中作主語或謂語動詞和介詞的賓語。例如：Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.3.由that引導的定語從句：that在定語從句中可以指人或物，在從句中作主語、謂語動詞或介詞的賓語。（但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語）例如：TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that而不用which引導定語從句：①先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如：Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.②先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。例如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeisthebestfilmI’veeverseen.③先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。例如：Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時，例如：Heistheonlypersonthat/(who)Iwanttotalkto.⑤先行詞既有人又有物時，例如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.⑥當句中已有who時，為避免重復。例如：WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?⑦用作關系代詞，修飾表示時間的名詞如day,time,moment等，代替when。例如：Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.⑧如有兩個定語從句，其中一個關系詞已用，則另一個用that。例如：Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.4.由when,where,why引導的定語從句。例如:Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiu.注意：先行詞是表示地點或時間時，有時用where或when，有時用that(which)引導定語從句，這時要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which)，否則用where或when。例如：Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIstayedinBeijing.Ihaveneverforgottenthedaywhichwespenttogether.5.限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：①限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開，引導非限定性定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等，這些關系代詞都不能省略；②非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思的完整，一般用逗號把主句和從句分開。關系代詞用which，不用that；指人時可用who，例如：Ihavetwosisters,whoarebothstudents.Crusoe’sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.引導的定語從句：①as用作關系代詞和關系副詞引導限定性定語從句，并在從句中作主語、表語或狀語，構成thesame…as,such…as等結構。例如：Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作賓語）Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.（as作狀語）Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.(as作賓語）；②as引導非限定性定語從句。as在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，這個定語從句說明整個句子，可以放在主句之前。例如：Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.（as代表整個句子，作賓語）Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.（as代表整個句子，作主語）常用的這種類似插入語的句式有asissaidabove,asisalreadymentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等。注意：①關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致；②關系代詞whom,which,that在限定性定語從句作動詞賓語或介詞賓語，而該介詞又位于從句末尾時，經常省略，但as一般不省略；③關系代詞which和as在定語從句中的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中時，as有“正如”“就像”之意，而which則沒有此意?！駳灉珉y點訓練1.(★★★★★)Isthishotel________yousaidweweretostayinyourletter.thatwhich2.(★★★★)Thewrongyou’vedonehimisterrible,for________youshouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink.3.(★★★★)Weplayedinthegardentillsunset,________itbegantorain.4.(★★★★)I’dlikeacar________frontlightsarebigandround.5.(★★★★)“WhoMovedMyChinese?”,________isabest-sellingbook,iswrittenbySpencerJohnson.6.(★★★★★)Isthereashoparound________Icangetapackofcigarette?D.what7.(★★★★)Anotherunmannedspacecraft“ShenzhouⅡ”,________Chinagreetsthe21stcentury,marksnewprogressinthecentury’sspaceprogram.whichwhichwhichwhich8.(★★★★)Beijinggovernmentpu