電大?？啤毒C合英語(2)》2023期末試題及答案

國家開放大學(xué)電大?？啤毒C合英語(2)》2023期末試題及答案(試卷號(hào)：2159)

I.Directions：(Vocabulary&Structure)

BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencesvtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20

points)

Example：Thehomelesscoupleatlastinfindingaflattorent.

A.managedB.did

C.finishedD.succeeded

Thesentenceshouldread,“Thehomelesscouplesucceededatlastinfindingaflatto

rent.MThereforeyoushouldchooseD.

1.Thereportshouldbereadytomorrowmorning.You'dbettertoolong.

A.don'tputitoffB.notputitoff

C.nottoputitoffD?tonotputitoff

2.Don,ttheypaytheirbillbeforetheendofthemonth?

A.mustB.haveto

C.supposedtoD.need

3.Don'tgiveyourselfheavyworkload.asmuchworkasyoucan.

A.TakeoverB.Takefor

C.TakeonD.Takeout

4.Louisalittletensetoday.Whathashim?

A.comeoverB.comeby

C.comeacrossD.comedown

5.Ihaven'tseenyouatthegymages.

A.inB.of

C.atD.on

6.IwillwatchTVtonightthere'ssomethinggoodon.

A.unlessB.then

C.ifD.and

7.AnitaaskedLoutheworkearly.

A.finishB.tofinish

C.finishedD.finishing

8.Ican'tplaytennisnow.1havealotoferrands?

A.tomeetB.tocatch

C.torunD.toattend

9.gettingenoughexercises?

A.HaveyounotbeenB.Haven'tyoubeen

C.HasyounotbeenD.Hasn'tyoubeen

10.Thehouseisverynice,butthecompoundistoosmall.

A.himselfB.itself

C.herselfD.oneself

II?Directions：

ChooseA,BorCtocompleteeachconversation,usingthesentencesbelow.Markyouranswer

ontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Example：—Oh,look.JoniMitchellisintown.

-What?She'soneofthegreatestfolksingersintheworld!

A.Who'sthat?I'veneverheardofher.

B.Sure,I'mintown.

C.Yes,I'mgladshe'scoming.

AnswerAiscorrectbecausetheconversationshouldread,

“—Oh,look.JoniMitchellisintown.

-W/io's￡/ta￡?I'peneuerheardofher.

-What'sthat?She'soneofthegreatestfolksingersintheworld!M

11.一I'mlookingforabirthdaygiftformyauntvbutIdon'thavetheslightestidea.

-Doyouknowwhatherhobbiesare?

A.Shedoesn'thaveaCDplayer.

B.Actually,shedoesn'tliketostudywithmusic.

C.Shelistenstomusic,collectsbutterflies,andisinterestedinphotography.Maybe

I'llgetheraCD.

12.—Whyareyousolateforthemeeting?

A.Youmustnothaveleftyourselfenoughtime.

B.I’msorry?butmywalletwasstolen.

C.I’llgotovisithimnow.

13.一WhatdoyouthinkaboutThaifood?

A.Ididn'thavealotoftimetopreparefood,somuchofmyexperiencecomesfrom

eatinginrestaurants.

B.AbigchangewasusingpublictransportationinTokyo.

C.Overall,thedietthereisahealthyone-lowfat.

14.一Ifeellikesinging!

A.Really?Whatmakesyousohappy?

B.Howcome?

C.Really?That'sterrible.

15.一Areyougoingtotakeavacationthisyear?

A.NotifIcansavesomemoney.

B.Well,notifitstopsraining.

C.NotunlessIcansavesomemoney.

16.—Ithoughtyourmeetingwastomorrownight.

A.Excuseme.Doyouhappentoknowthetime?

B.Gee,that'skindoflatefortheworknight.

C.Well,itwassupposedtobe,buttheychangedtheday.

17.—MaybeIcouldhelpyouprintoutthereportandphotocopyit.

A.Yes,shewillfinishthereporttomorrowandgetsomephotocopies.

B.Pleasefetchmyphotoswhenyoupassbythecamerashop.

f

C.Oh,Idreallyappreciateitifyoucould9butIdon'twantyoutoruinyour

evening.

18.—Whodidyousayyoulivedwith?

A.IhadahardtimemakingfriendswhileIwasgrowingup.

B.MarySmithinfact.

C.Sheisanicegirl.

19.________

一No,it'sMendel.

A.What'syourname?

B.What'syourname,please?

C.Isn'tyourlastnameMendez?

20.—I'mgoingdowntowntobuysomething.

-Notatall.

A.Youshouldgetmeatwo-literbottleofcola.

B.WouldyoumindpickingupacopyofTimeMagazinewhileyou'redowntown?

C.Doyouwanttowatchafilmwithme?

ID.Directions：

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,Cand

D.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Woodblockprintsareillustrationsmadefromacarvedblockofwoodandprintedon

paper.TheywerefirstusedinJapanin21toillustratebook.Whenreadersbecame

moreandmore22intheillustrationsfortheirartisticvalue,publishershiredskilled

artiststocreateprintswhichcouldbesoldseparately.Bytheendofthe23century,

techniquesweredevelopedtoproducemanycopiesofaprintfromthesamewoodblock,

makingthisfineartavailabletothegeneralpublic.

ThemostfamousJapanesewoodblockprintsweremadeduringthe1700sand1800s.

ThestyleswereuniquetoJapan.Scenesfromeverydaylifeorthetheater,beautifulwomen,

andlandscapeswereoftenthe24oftheseprints.TheJapanesenameukiyoe,25

“picturesfromthefloatingworld,“isusedtodescribethefamouswoodblockprintsfrom

thisera；Thisrefers26imagesoffleetingmomentsofpleasure,amusement,and

entertainment27bytheartists.Later,Europeanartists,particularlypaintersofthe

FrenchImpressionistSchool,admiredandwereinfluencedbytheboldcolorsand28

designsoftheseJapanesewoodblockprints.

Makingawoodblockprinthasthree29stages：cutting,inkingandprinting.First

theartisttakesablockofsoftwood,usuallypine,andcutsawaypartsofthewoodwitha

sharptool.Thedesignisthepartofthewoodthatisleftuncutandupraised.Nextthe

designiscoatedwith30,andasheetofpaperisplacedoverit.,rubbingthepaperthen

transferstheinkfromthewoodblocktothesurfaceofthepaper.Fordifferentcolors,

differentblocksofwoodareused,oneforeachcolor.

21.A.1960B.the1960C.1960sD.the1960s

22.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.interests

23.A.seventeenB.seventeen^c.seventeenthD.seventeenths

24.A.subjectsB.namesc.picturesD.paper

25.A.meanB.meansc.meantD.meaning

26.A.onB.toc.upD.for

27.A.foundB.inventedc.capturedD.created

28.A.unusualB.usualc.ordinaryD.common

29.A.bigB.smallc.minorD.major

30.A.inkB.paperc.plasticD.wood

IV.Directions：

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefour

answersmarkedA,B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeach

ofthequestions.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.（20points）

Questions31?35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Althoughtheuseofcloningtoproducecopiesofhumanshasbeensuggested,many

peoplewouldjudgethistobemorallywrong.Inaddition,theprospectofcloninghumans

raisesfalseexpectations,sincehumanpersonalityisonlypartlydeterminedbygenes.

Cloningasickordyingrelativewouldprovideageneticallyidenticalcopyofthatperson,but

thisnewindividualwouldlikelydevelopaquitedifferentpersonality.Similarly,acopyofan

athlete,moviestar,orscientistmightwellchooseanothercareerbecauseofchanceevents

duringhisorherlifetime.Onehypotheticalscenarioinvolvesachildlesscouplewhowishto

makeacopyofoneortheotherpartnerratherthanhavingachildbyartificialinsemination

（授精Thesocialconcernisthattheparentswouldnotbeabletotreatnaturallyachild

whowasacopyofoneofthem.

Theimpetus（推動(dòng)力）behindtheresearchthatledtoDollywasnottofindawayto

clonehumansbutrathertodevelopgeneticallyengineeredanimalsthatwouldserveavariety

ofpurposes.Astherearegreatgeneticdifferencesincattleherdsandsheepflocks,breeding

copiesofselectedlivestockwouldincreasetheefficiencyofagriculturalproductivityandhelp

improvethequalityofsuchcommercialproductsasmilk,beef,andwool.

Asinthemanagementofotherbreedingschemes,itwillbeimportantforscientiststo

maintainthebalancebetweenintenseselectionoflivestockandthemaintenanceofgenetic

variability.Preservationoffrozencellsfromalargenumberofrepresentativesofdifferent

breedswouldallownucleifromthosedonorcellstobeusedasrequired.Theethicalissuesin

animalcloningareperhapslesscontroversialthanwithhumans；nevertheless,somepeople

worrythatproducinglargenumbersofanimalclonesonlyincreasethelikelihoodthatthese

animalswillbemistreated.

Geneticmodificationoflivestockwillalsoprovidenewopportunitiesinmedicineand

research.Todaymanypatientsinneedoftransplantsdiebeforeorgansbecomeavailable

fromsuitabledonors.Cloningpigshasbeensuggestedasameansofrapidlyachieving

xenotransplantation（異種移植），theuseofanimalorganstoreplaceorgansinhuman

patients.Organstransplantedbetweenspeciesareindangerofbeingdestroyedwithin

minutesbytheacuteimmuneresponseofthebodyreceivingthetransplant；however,

strategiesarebeingdevelopedtomodifypigsgeneticallysothatrejectionbytheimmune

systemmaybeeffectivelyprevented.

31.Accordingtothepassagepeopleobjecttotheuseofcloningtoproducecopiesof

humansmainlybecause?

A.itstechniqueisnotgoodenough

B.itisimmoralandleadstowrongexpectations

C.itmayleadtoparents'unnaturalbehaviortothecopyofthem

D.itmayleadtomanypeople,sunemployment

32.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtoreplacetheword“well"inPara.1,

Line6?

A.easilyB.asonewouldwish

C.quitepossiblyD.skillfully__________________________

33.Inbreedingcopiesofselectedlivestock,scientistsshouldtakeintoconsiderationof

allthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT.

A.thebalancebetweenextremeselectionoflivestockandcontinuationofgenetic

variability

B.ill-treatmentofthecopiedanimals

C.preservationoffrozencells

D?intenseoppositiontoanimalcloning

34.Whatdoyouthinkwouldbedescribedinthenextparagraphofthepassage?

A.Thestrategiestomodifypigsgenetically.

B.People'sresponsetotheproposalsabove.

C.Theimmunesystem.

D?Anotherpotentialmedicalapplicationofcloning.

35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthetechniqueofcloning?

A.Infavorofcloningbothanimalsandhumans.

B.Infavorofcloninganimalsbutnothumans.

C.Infavorofcloninghumansbutnotanimals.

D?Infavorofneithercloninganimalsnorhumans.

Questions36~4Oarebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Legendhasitthatthefirstcreditcardwasbornin1950overlunchataManhattan

restaurantwhenAlfredBloomingdaleandhiscolleagueFrancisMcNamaradreamedupthe

ideaofcreatingathirdpartytocoverchecksatrestaurants.TheycalleditDinersClub.But

theschemefaceda“chicken-and-eggproblem”.Consumersdidn'twantthecarduntilstores

acceptedit,andmerchantswouldn'tacceptituntilconsumerscarriedit.

Tosolvetheproblem,andtoworkaroundfederallawsthatpreventedbanksfrom

operatingacrossstatelines,banksjoinedtogethertoformMnetworkjointventures”,suchas

VisaandMasterCard.Underthesearrangements,somememberbanksrecruited（征募）

consumers,othersrecruitedmerchants.Thebanksonbothendsearnedfees,andthey

sharedthecostsofmaintainingthenetworks.

Becauseofanantitrust（反托拉斯的，反壟斷的）dispute（爭(zhēng)論）twenty-fiveyearsago,

VisaallowsitsmemberbankstojoinupwithMasterCardaswell.Butitrefusestoallow

themtocollaboratewithanyothernetwork.TheJusticeDepartmentislessappreciative.In

October1998-shortlybeforePayingwithPlasticwenttopress-thegovernmentchargedVisa

?f

andMasterCardwithviolatingtheShermanAntitrustAct.（Wal-Martandagroupofbig

retailershavefiledarelatedsuit,chargingthatVisaandMasterCardhavecolluded（勾結(jié)）to

keepfeesontheirdebitcards（借記卡）unfairlyhigh.）ThetroubleisthattodayVisaand

MasterCardhaveprettymuchthesamememberbanks.Dotwoventureswiththesame

ownersreallyhaveanincentive（動(dòng)機(jī)）tocompete?

AccordingtothegovernmentTscomplaint?in1987MasterCardwaspreparedto

introducethefirstusmartcard”-acardwithanintegratedcircuitthatcouldstorepersonal

data.ButMasterCard9sboardrefusedtoproceedwithoutVisa9sgo-ahead.Todayboth

brandsarestilldevelopingasmartcard,sharinginformationallthewhile.Thesituation

doesn'texactlyencouragecompetition.AsVisaInternational，spresidentandchiefexecutive

putitinanunguardedmomentin1992,uIfyouhavegotonefootfirmlyplacedonbothsides

ofthestreet,whocares?”

SomepeopleinsistthattheVisa-MasterCardpartnershipdoesnotharmcompetitionor

innovation.TheypointtoVisaandMasterCard9srivaladvertisingcampaignsandto

Citibank'srecentdecisiontoswitchitsprimaryallegiance（效忠）fromVisatoMasterCard

becauseonlyMasterCardwouldallowittorelegatethenetworkinsigniatothebackofits

plasticcards.Thereasonnoonehasintroducedsmartcards,saysEvans,isbecausethechip

（芯片）technologyistooexpensive.aItisasillyargument,nhesays."TheJustice

Departmentistryingtofixsomethingthatisn'tbroken.Thisindustryisextraordinarily

successful.

Indeed,howeverthecaseturnsout,themostpopularcomplaintagainsttheconsumer-

creditbusinessislikelytoremainwhatitwasacenturyago：Theindustrysucceedsalltoo

wellatputtingexpensivecreditinthehandsofweak-willedshoppers.

36.ThephraseMchicken-and-eggproblemifinparagraph1mostprobablymeans

A.consumersdidn'twantthecarduntilstoresacceptedit

B.merchantswouldn,tacceptituntilconsumerscarriedit

C.bothconsumersandmerchantsareveryimportant

D.itishardtosaywhichsideshouldtaketheinitialstep

37.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingmaybeconsideredasVisa飛violation

oftheAntitrustAct?

A.AllowingitsmemberbankstojoinupwithMasterCard.

B.Keepingfeesontheirdebitcardsunfairlyhigh.

C.Developingasmartcard,sharinginformationallthewhile.

D?Sharingthecostsofmaintainingthenetworks.

38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofa"smartcard"?

A.Itwasofficiallyissued1987.

B.Itcontainsanintegratedcircuit.

C.Itcouldstorepersonaldata.

D.ItisbeingdevelopedbybothVisaandMasterCard.

39.WhyarepeoplereluctanttoacceptsmartcardsaccordingtoEvans?

A.Becauseitistoopopular.

B.Becauseitistooinconvenient.

C.Becausethechipitselfistooexpensive.

D,Becausetheit'scosttoproducethechipistooexpensive.

40.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe