2022-2023年安徽省巢湖市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級

2022-2023年安徽省巢湖市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.HowEarthquakesWork

Anearthquakeisoneofthemostterrifyingphenomenathatnaturecandishup.Wegenerallythinkofthegroundwestandonas"rock-solid"andcompletelystable.Butanearthquakecanshatterthatperceptioninstantly.Upuntilrelativelyrecently,scientistsonlyhadunsubstantiatedguessesastowhatactuallycausedearthquakes.Eventodaythereisstillacertainamountofmysterysurroundingthem,butscientistshaveamuchclearerunderstanding.Therehasbeenenormousprogressinthepastcentury:Scientistshaveidentifiedtheforcesthatcauseearthquakes,anddevelopedtechnologythatcantellusanearthquake'smagnitudeandorigin.Thenexthurdleistofindawayofpredictingearthquakes.

ShakingGround

Anearthquakeisavibrationthattravelsthroughtheearth'scrust.Technically,alargetruckthatrumblesdownthestreetiscausingamini-earthquake,ifyoufeelyourhouseshakingasitgoesby,butwetendtothinkofearthquakesaseventsthataffectafairlylargearea,suchasanentirecity.Allkindsofthingscancauseearthquakes:

-volcaniceruptions

-meteor(流星)impacts

-undergroundexplosions(anundergroundnucleartest,forexample)

-collapsingstructures(suchasacollapsingmine)

Butthemajorityofnaturally-occurringearthquakesarecausedbymovementsoftheearth'splates,aswe'llseeinthenextsection.

Weonlyhearaboutearthquakesinthenewseveryonceinawhile,buttheyareactuallyaneverydayoccurrenceonourplanet.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,morethanthreemillionearthquakesoccureveryyear.That'sabout8000aday,oroneevery11seconds!Thevastmajorityofthese3millionquakesareextremelyweak.

SlidingPlates

Thebiggestscientificbreakthroughinthehistoryofseismology(地震學(xué))—thestudyofearthquakescameinthemiddleofthe20thcentury,withthedevelopmentofthetheoryofplatetectonics(板塊構(gòu)造).Thebasictheoryisthatthesurfacelayeroftheearth—thelithosphere—iscomprisedofmanyplatesthatslideoverthelubricatingmantle(地幔)layer.Attheboundariesbetweenthesehugeplatesofsoilandrock,threedifferentthingscanhappen:

-Platescanmoveapart—Iftwoplatesaremovingapartfromeachother,hot,moltenrockflowsupfromthelayersofmantlebelowthelithosphere.

-Platescanpushtogether—Ifthetwoplatesaremovingtowardeachother,oneplatetypicallypushesundertheotherone.Atsomeboundarieswheretwoplatesmeet,neitherplateisinapositiontosubductundertheother,sotheybothpushagainsteachothertoform.mountains.

-Platesslideagainsteachother—Atotherboundaries,platessimplyslidebyeachother—theyarepushedtightlytogether.Agreatdealoftensionbuildsattheboundary.

Wheretheseplatesmeet,you'llfindfaults—breaksintheearth'scrustwheretheblocksofrockoneachsidearemovingindifferentdirections.Earthquakesaremuchmorecommonalongfaultlinesthantheyareanywhereelseontheplanet.

Faults

Scientistsidentifyfourtypesoffaults,characterizedbythepositionofthefaultplane,thebreakintherockandthemovementofthetworockblocks:

-Inanormalfault(seeanimationbelow),thefaultplaneisnearlyvertical.Thesefaultsoccurwherethecrustisbeingpulledapart,duetothepullofadivergentplateboundary.

-Thefaultplaneinareversefaultisalsonearlyvertical,butthehangingwallpushesupandthefootwallpushesdown.Thissortoffaultformswhereaplateisbeingcompressed.

-Athrustfaultmovesthesamewayasareversefault,butthefaultlineisnearlyhorizontal.Thisisthesortoffaultthatoccursinaconvergingplateboundary.

-In

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

CompelledbyWal-Marttolowertheprice,Lakewoodhadto______,whichcausedmanyworkerstobeunemployed.

3.

Toaccomplishthesameactivities,thecapabilityandperformanceofadvancedautomatedsystemsnowdobetterinmanywaysthanhumanabilities.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

BeforeAndyHildebrandretired,heworkedfor______.

A.arecordfactory

B.theoilindustry

C.aconsultationcompany

D.theadvertisingindustry

5.

Someattractiveruralregionsnotfarfromthecitiesarewitnessingacertain______,asmoreandmorechildlessseniorsmovetowardscities.

6.

Youngpeoplearemorelikelytohavetoothdecaywhileolderpeopleareatagreaterriskfor______.

7.

Whencompaniesstartedlosinglawsuitsregardingtheirchemicalemissions,theideaoftoxicreductionbecameratherpopularin______.

8.

It'snecessarytoseekadvicefromaqualifiedlawyerinallofdivorcecases.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Theroomfortoday'sspecieswasmadeby______.

10.

ForChristians,Eastereggssymbolize______.

11.

Contrarytoindividualsportswhichcallforagreatersenseofautonomy,teamsportslayemphasison______.

12.

Accordingtotheinformationwegetin"ComeWhatMay:HandlingtheGardenVarietyComputerCrisis",whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A.SystemscrashcanalsohobbleyourPC

B.Kids"rearranging"datamaydestroyyourinformation.

C.Adultsinadvertentlydeletingfileswillleadtoaninformationdestruction.

D.Onlyphysicaldisastercandamageyourcomputer.

13.

Whyisitsohardtodiagnosetheautism?

A.Becausetherestillexistsnotestfordiagnosisbynow.

B.Becausediagnosisofthesameautismcasesaredifferent.

C.Becausescientistsmakenoprogressinuncoveringthegeneticfactors.

D.Becausenoneofthesignsofautismisobvioustobediagnosed.

14.

Thepushforexcellenceispowerfulallthewaythroughtohighereducation.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Intheyearswheninflationoutpaceswageincrease,manyfamiliesintheU.S.hardlygetby.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.Awedding-planningworkermaybethesourceofhiscolleague'sangerbecause______.

A.thelatterisjealousoftheformer'shappiness

B.thelatterhastodosomeoftheformer'swork

C.theformermayforcethelattertohelpwiththewedding

D.thelattertendstomakemistakesundertheformer'sinfluence

17.Thecasesofthestudentsmentionedatthethreeschoolssuggestthattheywere______oftheirplagiarismmistakes.

A.innocentB.ignorantC.defensiveD.regretted

18.WhereDoDreamsComefrom?

Doyouoftendreamatnight?Mostpeopledo.Whentheywakeinthemorningtheysaytothemselves,"WhatastrangedreamIhad!Iwonderwhatmademedreamthat."

Sometimesdreamsarefrightening.Terriblecreaturesthreatenandpursueus.Sometimes,indreams,wishescometrue.Wecanflythroughtheairorfloatfrommountain-tops.Atothertimeswearetroubledbydreamsinwhicheverythingisconfused.Wearelostandcan'tfindourwayhome.Theworldseemstohavebeenturnedupside-downandnothingmakessense.

Indreamsweactverystrangely.Wedothingswhichwewouldneverdowhenwe'reawake.Wethinkandsaythingswewouldneverthinkandsay.Whyaredreamssostrange?Wheredodreamscomefrom?

Peoplehavebeentryingtoanswerthissincethebeginningoftime.ButnoonehasproducedamoresatisfyinganswerthanamancalledSigmundFreud.One'sdream-worldseemsstrangeandunfamiliar,hesaid,becausedreamscomefromapartofone'smindwhichonecanneitherrecognizenorcontrol.Henamedthisthe"unconsciousmind."

SigmundFreudwasbornaboutahundredyearsago.HelivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria,butendedhisdaysinLondon,soonafterthebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar.

Freudwasoneofthegreatexplorersofourtime.Butthenewworldsheexploredwereinsidemanhimself.Fortheunconsciousmindislikeadeepwell,fullofmemoriesandfeelings.Thesememoriesandfeelingshavebeenstoredtherefromthemomentofourbirth—perhapsevenbeforebirth.Ourconsciousmindhasforgottenthem.Wedonotsuspectthattheyarethereuntilsomeunhappyorunusualexperiencecausesustoremember,ortodreamdreams.Thensuddenlyweseeafacewehadforgottenlongago.Wefeelthesamejealousfearandbitterdisappointmentswefeltwhenwewerelittlechildren.

ThisdiscoveryofFreud'sisveryimportantifwewishtounderstandwhypeopleactastheydo.Fortheunconsciousforcesinsideusareatleastaspowerfulastheconsciousforcesweknowabout.Whydowechooseonefriendratherthananother?Whydoesonestorymakeuscryorlaughwhileanotherstorydoesn'taffectusatall?Perhapsweknowwhy.Ifwedon't,thereasonsmayliedeepinourunconsciousminds.

WhenFreudwasachildhewantedtobecomeagreatsoldierandwinhonorforhiscountry.AtthattimeAustriaandGermanywereatwarwitheachother.HisfatherusedtotakeSigmunddowntotherailwaystationtowatchthetrainscomeinfromthebattle-fields.Thetrainswerefullofwoundedsoldiers.Thereweremenwhohadlostaneye,anarmoralegfightinginthewar.Manyofthesoldiersweresufferinggreatpain.

YoungSigmundwatchedthewoundedmenastheyweremovedfromthetrainsintothehay-cartsthatcarriedthemtothehospital.Hewasverysorryforthem.Hepitiedthemsomuchthathesaidtotheteacherathisschool,"Letusboysmakebandagesforthepoorsoldiersasoursistersinthegirls'schooldo."

Eventhen,Freudcaredaboutthesufferingsofothers,soitisn'tsurprisingthathebecameadoctorwhenhegrewup.Likeotherdoctorshelearnedallaboutthewayinwhichthehumanbodyworks.Buthebecamemoreandmorecuriousaboutthehumanmind.HewenttoParistostudywithafamousFrenchdoctor,Chareot.Chareot'sspecialstudywasdiseasesofthemindandnerves.

Atthattimeitseemedthatnooneknewverymuchaboutthemind.Ifapersonwentmad,or'outofhismind',therewasnotmuchthatcouldbedoneaboutit.Therewaslittlehelporcomfortforthemadmanorhisfamily.Peopledidn'tunderstandatallwhatwashappeningtohim.Hadhebeenpossessedbyadevilorevilspirit?WasGodpunishinghimforwrongdoing?Oftensuchpeoplewereshutawayfromthecompanyofordinarycivilized

A.YB.NC.NG

19.ThemostobviousdifferencebetweenrealessaysandthethingsonehastowriteinschoolisthatrealessaysarenotexclusivelyaboutEnglishliterature.Certainlyschoolsshouldteachstudentshowtowrite.Butduetoaseriesofhistoricalaccidentstheteachingofwritinghasgottenmixedtogetherwiththestudyofliterature.AndsoalloverthecountrystudentsarewritingnotabouthowabaseballteamwithasmallbudgetmightcompetewiththeYankees,ortheroleofcolorinfashion,orwhatconstitutesagooddessert,butaboutsymbolisminDickens.

Howdidthingsgetthisway?Toanswerthatwehavetogobackalmostathousandyears.Around1100,Europeatlastbegantocatchitsbreathaftercenturiesofchaos,andoncetheyhadtheluxuryofcuriositytheyrediscoveredwhatwecall"theclassics."Theeffectwasratherasifwewerevisitedbybeingsfromanothersolarsystem.TheseearliercivilizationsweresomuchmoresophisticatedthatforthenextseveralcenturiesthemainworkofEuropeanscholars,inalmosteveryfield,wastoassimilatewhattheyknew.Duringthisperiodthestudyofancienttextsacquiredgreatprestige.Itseemedtheessenceofwhatscholarsdid.AsEuropeanscholarshipgainedmomentumitbecamelessandlessimportant;by1350someonewhowantedtolearnaboutsciencecouldfindbetterteachersthanAristotleinhisownera.Butschoolschangeslowerthanscholarship.Inthe19thcenturythestudyofancienttextswasstillthebackboneofthecurriculum.Whattippedthescales,atleastintheUS,seemstohavebeentheideathatprofessorsshoulddoresearchaswellasteach.ThisideawasimportedfromGermanyinthelate19thcentury.BeginningatJohnsHopkinsin1876,thenewmodelspreadrapidly.Writingwasoneofthecasualties.CollegeshadlongtaughtEnglishcomposition,Buthowdoyoudoresearchoncomposition?Theprofessorswhotaughtmathcouldberequiredtodooriginalmath,theprofessorswhotaughthistorycouldberequiredtowritescholarlyarticlesabouthistory,butwhatabouttheprofessorswhotaughtrhetoricorcomposition?Whatshouldtheydoresearchon?TheclosestthingseemedtobeEnglishliterature.

Andsointhelate19thcenturytheteachingofwritingwasinheritedbyEnglishprofessors.Thishadtwodrawbacks:(a)anexpertonliteratureneednothimselfbeagoodwriter,anymorethananarthistorianhastobeagoodpainter,and(b)thesubjectofwritingnowtendstobeliterature,sincethat'swhattheprofessorisinterestedin.

It'snowonderifthisseemstothestudentapointlessexercise,becausewe'renowthreestepsremovedfromrealwork:thestudentsareimitatingEnglishprofessors,whoareimitatingclassicalscholars,whoaremerelytheinheritorsofatraditiongrowingoutofwhatwas,700yearsago,fascinatingandurgentlyneededwork.

Theotherbigdifferencebetweenarealessayandthethingstheymakeyouwriteinschoolisthatarealessaydoesn'ttakeapositionandthendefendit.Thatprinciple,liketheideathatweoughttobewritingaboutliterature,turnsouttobeanotherintellectualhangoveroflongforgottenorigins.

It'softenmistakenlybelievedthatmedievaluniversitiesweremostlyseminaries.Infacttheyweremorelawschools.Andatleastinourtraditionlawyersareadvocates,trainedtotakeeithersideofanargumentandmakeasgoodacaseforitastheycan.Whethercauseoreffect,thisspiritpervadedearlyuniversities.Thestudyofrhetoric,theartofarguingpersuasively,wasathirdoftheundergraduatecurriculum.Andafterthelecturethemostcommonform.ofdiscussionwasthedisputation.Thisisatleastnominallypreservedinourpresent-daythesisdefense:mostpeopletreatthewordsthesisanddissertationasinterchangeable,butoriginally,atleast,athesiswasapositiononetookandthedissertation

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

TheheadeconomistArnoldBakerbelievedthattheworldisgoingthroughthemostfundamentalchangesince______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B6】

22.

【B3】

23.

【B2】

24.

【B10】

25.

【B8】

26.(39)

27.聽力原文：M:I'mplanningtobuyahouse,andI'dliketofindoutaboutamortgage.I'macustomerofthebank.Asamatteroffact,mywholeFamilybankshere.

W:Ihavesomequestionstoask.Doyouownyourhouseordoyourent?

M:Neither.Ilivewithmyparents,Dr.andMrs.PhilipBlair.

W:Andhowoldareyou?

M:I'mtwenty-nine.

W:And,Mr.Blair,whatisyouroccupation?

M:I'madesigner,andIworkinaboutique.

W:Didyoubringanysavingsorsalaryinformation?Lastyear'staxforms?

M:Yes,heretheyare.

W:OK.What...whatkindofhousedidyouhaveinmind?

M:We'retalkingaboutbuyingatwo-bedroomhouseinMountKisco.Herearethefinancialdetailsonthehouse.

W:Thankyou.Areyoupreparedtomakeaten-percentdownpayment?.

M:Yes,sure.

W:Paymentsoverthirtyyears?

M:Yes.DoyouthinkIcangetaloan?

W:Well,itdepends.13oyouownanyotherproperty?Anystocksorbonds?

M:No.

W:Isee.Thenyoudon'thaveanysupport.Perhapsyoucouldgetaguarantor—someonetosignfortheloanforyou.

M:Whyisthatnecessary?

W:Sinceyoudon'thaveenoughincome,andyoudon'talreadyownanyproperty,thebankneedstobesureyoucanpaythemortgageeverymonth.Aguarantorisresponsiblefortheloanifyoucan'tmakethepayments.

M:Isee.Well,theideaofbuyingahouseisexciting.Thankyou,Mrs.Riley.I'llreadthisovercarefully.

W:Thankyou.

M:Good-bye.Andhopetoseeyousoon.

W:Ihopeso,too.

(20)

A.Howtochooseahouse.

B.Howtodesignahouse.

C.Howtogetamortgagethroughabank.

D.Howtorentahousethroughtheagency.

28.聽力原文：America'snationalsymbol—theBaldEagle—almostwentextinct20yearsago.ButithasmadeacomebackInfact,theUSFishandWildlifeServiceisconsideringthepossibilityoftakingitofftheendangeredspecieslist.Once,morethan50000pairsofbaldeaglesnestedacrossthecountry.Butby1960,thatnumberhadfallenbelow400.ThechiefkillerwasthewidelyusedDDT.FishsoakedupDDTdiedandwerewasheduponshoreswherebaldeaglesfeastedonthem.(29)DDTpreventedeagleeggshellsfromthickening.Theshellsbecamesothinthattheyshatteredbeforethebabieshatched.Fortunately,in1972,alawwaspassedtobanDDT.whichsavedthebaldeaglefromtotalwipeout.(30)Andsincethen,wildlifebiologistshavereintroducedbaldeagleeggsfromCanadatoAmerica.TheresultwasthatlastyearUSbirdwatcherscounted11610baldeaglesinthecountry.Ifitweredroppedfromtheendangeredlist,thebaldeaglewouldstillbeathreatenedspecies.Thatmeansthebirdwouldcontinuetogetthesameprotection—nohuntingallowed,andnodisturbingofnests.(31)Butbaldeaglesstillfacetoughtimes.ThedestructionoftheirnaturalhomescouldbethenextDDTcausingeaglenumberstodropquickly.

(30)

A.Itlimitedtheirsupplyoffood.

B.Itmadetheireggshellstoofragile.

C.Itdestroyedmanyoftheirnests.

D.Itkilledmanybabybaldeagles.

29.聽力原文：M:MayIseeDeanWilliamsplease?

W:DeanWilliamswon'tbeintheofficethisafternoon.I'manassistantdean.PerhapsIcanhelpyou.

M:Ineedanextensionforapaper.AndmyprofessorsaidIwouldhavetogetaspecialpermissionfromthedean'soffice.

W:Forwhatcourse?

M:Economics201,Prof.Brown'scourse.

W:Isthisatermpaperorapaperwritteninsteadofafinalexam?

M:It'stotaketheplaceofafinalexam.

W:Soordinarily,itwouldbedueonthelastdayoftheexamperiodwhichisthisFriday.That'stwodaysaway.Don'tyouthinkyoucouldhavethepaperfinishedbythen?

M:Ihaven'tevenstartedyet.Yousee,I'vebeensicksincelastSaturdaywithtonsillitis.Ijustcheckedoutoftheinfirmarythismorning.

W:Soyouwereintheinfirmaryforfourdays.

M:Yes,fromSaturdayuntiltodayWednesday.

W:Generally,foranillnesslikethis,wecanpostponeanexamortheduedayofthepaperthattakestheplaceofanexambythenumberofdaysthestudenthasbeenill.Inyourcase,byfourdays.

M:ThatmeansI'llbeabletohandinmypapernextTuesdayinsteadofthisFriday.

W:That'sright.Butfirstyou'llhavetofilloutthisform,givingthenameofthecourse,yourreasonforneedingtheextensionandsoon.Thentaketherequesttotheinfirmarytohaveasignbythedoctor.Thenbringitbacktometoday.I'llhaveacopysenttoProf.Brown.

M:Thankyouverymuch.I'llseeyoulaterthisafternoonwiththecompletedform.

W:I'mgladyou'refeelingbetter.

(23)

A.Togetmedicaltreatment.

B.Totakeafinalexam.

C.Tofindouttheexamschedule.

D.Togetanextensionforapaper.

30.

【B9】

31.(24)

A.Becausetheylackself-disciplineintheirstudies.

B.BecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.

C.Becausetheyhavenotexertedtheirutmost.

D.Becausetheyhavedevelopedpoorrelationshipswithteachers.

32.(44)

33.(21)

A.Interviews.

B.Televisionads.

C.Playingwithchildren.

D.Speeches.

34.(31)

A.Becausetheyconsumeenormousquantityoffoodandwater.

B.Becausetheyhavebeencaughtformanyhundredsofyears.

C.Becauseithasbeennotedthattheyhavegoodmemories.

D.BecausetheyaredifferentfromAfricanelephants.

35.(13)

A.Themancancomeanothertime.

B.Therewouldbemorefunwithouttheman'sroommate.

C.Itisnoproblemiftheman'sroommaterefusestocome.

D.Themancanbringtheroommatealongandenjoytheparty.

36.(46)

37.(29)

A.Childrenwillmovemoreandconsumemoreenergyiftheydon'twatchTV.

B.ChildrenwillspendmoretimestudyingiftheyarenotallowedtowatchTV.

C.Childrenwilleatmorefoodtotheirtasteiftheyhavespecialdiets.

D.Childrenwillbeindulgedinvideogamesifparentsdon'tsupervisethem.

38.(22)

A.12years.B.2years.C.13years.D.15years.

39.

【B5】

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.He'drathernotgotothelecture.

B.He'sgoingtoattendthelecture.

C.He'llgivealectureondrawing.

D.Hedoesn'tmindifthewomangoestothelecture.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.【S8】

42.

Exposuretoallmediaisimportantbecausetheyallcontributematerialsfor______.

43.TheexamplethatAnastasiaFedotovawasrejectedbyOxfordUniversityillustratesthattheuniversity______.

A.hastakenonanewurgency

B.holdsastrongdiscriminationagainstthedisabled

C.isinfavorofanetworkofolderapplicants

D.putstoomuchemphasisonelitism

44.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Somethingweirdishappeningintheoncemarginalworldofenvironmentalism.Thegreencauseisnolongerth9preserveofwoolly-mindedliberalsandfringeactivists.Itstenetsarebeingactivelypursuedbybusinessleaders,stockholdersandinvestmentmanagers.Inthepopularmind-set,naturaldisasterssuchasNewOrleans'HurricaneKatrinaandfloodsinEasternEuropearenowlinkedtoachangeinclimatethatthreatensourwayoflifeandourgrand-children'sfuture.

Environmentalconcernshavegrownsowidespreadthatconservativepoliticiansonceskepticalofthegreenmovementhavebeenreactingtothepressure.Themoststartlingturnaround,however,isamongbusinessleaders.Corporationsaregivingthemselvesgreenmakeoverstoimproveefficiency,savemoneyandlookmoreattractivetoinvestorsandthepublic.AccordingtoarecentreportfromtheClimateGroup,aninternationalenvironmentalcharity,43multinationals--includingBayer,BTandDuPont-savedacombined$11.6billionlastyearbyimprovingenergyefficiency,reducingwasteoutputandharnessingsolarpower.GeneralElectric'sEcomaginationcampaigntocutcarbonemissions,partlybysellinglow-emissionsproductsrangingfrompowerplantstofluorescentlightbulbs,rakedin$10.1billionlastyear,upfrom$6.2billionin2004.Theirslogan:"Greenisgreen",asinthecolorofAmericandollarbills.

Investmentanalystsarestartingtoseetheenvironmentalawarenessofmanagersasabarometerofthelikelylong-termsuccessoftheircompanies.Greenpolicies,theysay,tendtoindicatehands-onmanagement,highconsumerconfidenceandgoodcorporategovernance.HSBCwon'tdodealswithcompaniesonprojects,likeoilpipelinesthroughRussia,thatdon'tmeasureuptotheenvironmental,socialandgovernancestandards.Theworld'stwolargestinsurancecompanies,SwissReandMunichRe,arenowtakingcompanies'policiesonclimatechangeintoconsiderationwhendeterminingrisk."Webelievethatoperatinginasustainablefashionisaproxy(代理人)forgoodmanagementpracticesoverall,"saysChrisWalker,headofsustainablebusinessdevelopmentatSwissRe."They'rethetypeofcompanieswe'remorecomfortabledoingbusinesswith."

Thegreencausehasceasedtobetheexclusivedomainof______.

45.Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

A.kind-heartedly

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

46.AccordingtoStevenYoung,ifscientistsgetthedatathat______theywouldpetitionforfasttrackstatus.

47.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Joblessnessisfarmorethananeconomicmisfortune.Itcanbeapsychologicaldisasterfortheunemployedandtheirfamilies.Itcancauseillness,dividefamiliesandcreateadownwardspiraloffeelingsofworthlessnessandlackofself-esteem;

AccordingtoresearchdonebyM.HarveryBrenner,associateprofessorofhealthatJohnsHopkinsUniversity,every1%increaseintheunemploymentratetranslatesinto37,000deathsoverthenext6years,includingover20,000deathsfromheartattacks,900suicidesandnearly500deathsfromcirrhosisoftheliver.Inaddition,Brennerestimatesthat7,500unemployedortheirfamilieswillbeadmittedtoprisonaftercommittingacrimeortoamentalhospital."Theimpactgoeswellbeyondtheindividualwholosesajob,"saidBrenner."Stresscausedbyeconomicfactorsaffectsournationallifeateverylevel."

Menwhohavebeensocializedasthefamilybreadwinnerareespeciallyhardhitbyunemployment.Theysuffergreaterdepressionandanxietyandhaveahigherpossibilityofpsychoticbehavior.thanmenwhoareemployed."Ninemonthsseemstobeacrucialpointwhenhopeandpatiencegiveout,"saidaleadingpsychologist.Afterthat,"illness,suicide,alcoholism,divorce,andevencrimegrowatepidemicrate."

Leftwithoutajob,manyworkersfeeltheyhavenothingtolookforwardto.Theymisstheirco-workersandtheroutineofgoingtowork.Formany,thesenseofhopelessnessgrowsworseeverytimetheyarerejectedforanewjob.Whenthishappensoftenenough,therejectionunemployedworkersfeelmaybeexacerbatedifsomefriendsandneighborsavoidthemasiftheyhadacontagiousdisease.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Joblessnessisaneconomicmisfortune.

B.Joblessnessisapsychologicaldisasterfortheunemployedandtheirfamilies.

C.Joblessnesscancausetheunemployedtocommitsuicide.

D.Joblessnessisacontagiousdisease.

48.

HowdidAmericangovernmentdealwithpossibleterrorfrominternationalflights?

A.TheAmericanauthoritiesquestionedthesuspectsamongthepassengers.

B.Someflightswerecancelledandsomeinternationalairlinesareplacedarmedforce.

C.SomepilotsandpassengerswerearrestedinParisandLosAngeles.

D.AllflightsfromabroadwerecancelledOnDecember29th.

49.Accordingtopoliticians,whenchildrencommitcrimes,theyshouldbetreatedinthesamewayas______.

50.Ditlowsuggestsmakingthecodeinformationoftheelectronickeysreadilyaccessibleunderthesupervisionof______.

51.

Theword"custom"inthispassagemostprobablymeans______.

A.thecon