句子重音和語調

句子重音和語調英語句子聽起來之所以忽輕忽慢，忽升忽降，富有節(jié)奏感，主要是因為句子重音和語調的重要調節(jié)作用。一、句子重音在句子重音中，單詞重音是認識和掌握句子重音的基礎。單詞一旦置于句子里，在語流中并不是所有的單詞都像單獨讀音時讀得那么響亮，只有其中部分詞重讀，部分詞不重讀。如：Itwas?tooex?pensiveformeto?buy.這個句子中只有三個詞重讀。另外，句子中要重讀的詞若為雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞，重音一般就落在該詞的重讀音節(jié)上。像前句中的expensive就屬于這種情況。如何掌握句子重音的規(guī)律，判別句子重音是正確朗讀英語句子的關鍵之一，應遵循的基本原則如下：在通常情況下，“實強虛弱”，即在一個英語句子中實詞（notionalwords/contentwords）一般重讀，虛詞(formwords/functionwords)一般弱讀。

名詞一般都重讀

Thereisa?bookonthe?desk.My?sister?putupa?pictureonthe?wall.

?John?wantsto?seethe?teacherafter?class.An?elephantisan?animal.

一些含義較廣，本身沒有很確切內容的名詞,如thing,person,place,或指一大類人或事物的名詞，如man,woman,fellow,time,ship,前面有修飾語縮小其范圍時，這類名詞通常不重讀

?That'sa?nicething.(比較：?That'sa?nice?picture.)

He'san?easypersonto?geta?longwith.He'sthe?rightmanforthe?job.

It'sal?ready?lunchtime.(比較;It's?timefor?lunch.)

代詞

常重讀的代詞有

1．指示代詞

?Thisis?notwhatI?mean.?That?isn'ttheoneI?askedfor.

?Doyou?like(?)these?flowers?

但如指示代詞前后都有重音時，該指示代詞可失去重音

?Howdoyou?likethose?littleones??Who?wrotethis?interesting?story?2.名詞性物主代詞

?Yoursis?much?nicerthan?mine.The?redoneis?his.

但在雙重所有格中，物主代詞往往不重讀

I?m?writingtoa?friendofmine.

3.強調代詞

I?sawitmy?self.The?manhim?self?toldmeso.

4．疑問代詞

?Whoareyou?talkingto??WhatcanI?doforyou??Who?cameto?seeyouthis?morning?

不重讀的代詞有：人稱代詞，反身代詞，物主代詞（形容詞性），相互代詞，關系代詞

He?hasn't?seenmy?brotheryet.He?hurthimselfwhenhewas?playing?football.They?often?helpeachother.The?girlwho?spoketoyoujust?nowismy?sister.形容詞（包括分詞作形容詞）一般都應重讀

數(shù)詞一般都應重讀

The?streetsare?wide,?cleanand?beautiful.

?This?narrow?valleywasthe?sceneofa?famous?battle.

His?firstdaughterisfif?teen.It'sa?dullanddisap?pointingfilm.

?That'sex?citingnews.The?worriedman?enteredthe?crowded?street.

He?bought?ten?cupsand?Iboughtonly?four.冠詞一般都不重讀

He?livesina?house?not?farfromthe?school.

It?san?hour's?drivefromthe?old?station.

The?man?overthereismy?brother.An?elephantisan?animal.

動詞主要動詞，或稱實意動詞、行為動詞（notionalverb）都要重讀(be、have除外)

He?takesa?walkafter?supper?every?day.

?Don?tfor?getyour?homework.

Isup?poseyou?knowhim.

非限定動詞一般也都要重讀

不定式Wede?cidedto?startthe?next?day.

分詞We?satatthe?desk?writinga?letter.

動名詞It's?no?use?askinghimabout?that.

助動詞和情態(tài)動詞與not構成的縮略式要重讀

I?don'twantto?gothereto?day.

He?wasn'tsur?prisedwhenI?toldhimthe?news.

We?can't?stayany?longer.

?Don?tyouthinkyou?shouldn'tsay?suchthings?

Wemust?doit?now,?mustn'twe?

cannot不縮寫成can't時，重音也在can上

I?cannotagree?withhim.

Do用于肯定句中表示強調時，總是重讀的

I?dohope?thiswillbeef?fective.

He?doesneedyour?help.

We?didwarnyoube?fore.

?Do?drop?inwhenyouarein?Xuzhou.

不重讀的動詞

助動詞

Hedid?notwork?hardforthee?xam.

Wewereim?pressedbytheira?chievements.

?Muchhasbeen?saida?boutit.

Theywillbesur?prisedat?that.

情態(tài)動詞

Heshouldbe?criticizedfor?doing?that.

?Marycould?doit?betterthan?Herbert.

Imust?go?now.

?Whocan?answerthis?question?

動詞be(是),have(有)一般不重讀

Ihave?somany?thingsto?doto?day.

?Few?peoplehad?TV?setsin?those?days.

The?keywas?inthe?box.

以上幾類通常不重讀的動詞用于簡短回答，或其后省略了主要動詞時，要重讀;用于一般疑問句句首有時重讀，但在比較隨便的談話中不必重讀

(?)Haveyouany?brothersand?sisters??Yes,I?have.

(?)Areyoua?student??Yes,I?am.

(?)Canyou?comethisafter?noon?Yes,I?can.

He?said?morethanhe?shouldatthe?meeting.

I?don'twantto?gothere,butI?must.

副詞一般都重讀

They?came?back?early?yesterday.

?Wheredidyou?buyit?

?Whydoyou?come?

You?meet?people?everywhere.

I've?never?heardof?suchathingbe?fore.

Per?hapsshe'llar?riveto?night.

?Tellhimto?come?in.

A?car?dashed?past.

?Thankyoufor?comingto?seeme?off.

但關系副詞不重讀

He?visitedthe?small?villagewherehewas?born.

They?came?rightatthe?timewhenwe?neededtheir?help.

?Thisisthe?reasonwhythey?failed.

介詞單音節(jié)介詞一般都不重讀

?Allbut?oneofthe?familyareat?home.

?How?farisitfrom?Paristo?London?

?Whatareyou?lookingat?

?That?swhatIwas?thinkingof.

多音節(jié)的介詞常重讀，但也可不重讀

I'll?doit(?)after?lunch.

He?finishedthe?article(?)duringthe?holidays.

The?man?walkeda(?)longthe?street.

He?searcheda(?)mongthe?papers.

Ifor?got?alla(?)boutit.

Ihave?nothingto?saycon(?)cerningthis?problem.

?Putit?oppositethe?door.

在不重讀的連系動詞be或人稱代詞后，不論是單音節(jié)或多音節(jié)介詞都重讀

They're?bythe?window.

Hewas?inthe?sitting-room.

Isit?nearthe?postoffice?

The?teacherwas?withusatthe?picnic.

Itwas?duringthe?interval.

Hewasbe?sidehimselfwith?rage.

Theyarebe?hindthe?door.

介詞在句首時?？芍刈x

?Onhis?way?homehe?metan?old?friend.

?Inthe?roomthey?founda?little?boy.

?Underthe?tree?standsa?tallman.

連接詞

單一的并列連接詞（包括關聯(lián)連接詞both…andneither…nor等）和從屬連詞都不重讀

He?cameand?spoketous.

I?sawitbut?didn't?readit.

?Let's?runorwe'llbe?late.

?That?takesboth?timeand?energy.

Neither?younor?Ican?solvethe?problem.

Isug?gestthatwe?give?upthe?plan.

Hewas?angrywithmebecauseIwas?late.

Thepro?fessorwas?busy?writingwhenI?wentto?seehim.

We?tookthe?taxitothe?stationso(that)wecouldbein?timeforthe?train.

She?didn'tar?rangethe?chairsasI?toldher.

?Putitwhereitcan?easilybe?seen.

He?wantsto?seeyoubeforeyou?leave.

Shein?sistedon?going,thoughI?toldher?notto.

Theyweredisap?pointedwhereas?wewerede?lighted.

You?can'tunder?standituntilyou?readittothe?end.

連接詞詞組其中重要的詞要重讀，還有一些意味較強的連接詞也要重讀

If?onlyI?knewhowto?doit.

He'll?helpusoncon?ditionthatwe?trusthim.

We'll?startto?morrow?evenifit?rains.

Theyhave?never?met?eversince?19?80.

The?meetingwillbe?ginas?soonasthe?guests?come.

You'llsuc?ceedso?longasyou?work?hard.

It's?sucha?pitythatyou?can't?come.

He?spoke?so?fastthatIcould?hardly?followhim.

Willyou?trya?gainsup?posingyou?fail?

Imust?gothereal?thoughitis?raining.

The?schoolbuswill?leavedi?rectlythe?bell?rings.

Youcan?neversuc?ceedun?lessyou?work?hard.

從句放在主句前面時，處于句首的連接詞常重讀（that除外）

?Whenhe?comesI'llintro?ducehimtoyou.

?AfterI?ve?finisheditI'll?showittoyou.

?AsIwas?waitingforthe?bus,it?suddenlybe?ganto?rain.

但Thatwecan?doitwith?outhimisab?surd.

連接代詞who(whom,whose)what,which和連接副詞when,where,how,why可以重讀，也可以不重讀

I?wonder?who?thatwas.

?Askhim?whichis?better.

I?don't?know?howthey?are.

I?don't?knowhow?thingsarein?their?school.

I'm?notsure?whenhe's?coming.

I?can'tunder?stand?whyhere?fusesto?go.

Doyou?seewhatI?mean?

He?doesn'tknow?whatheshould?do?next.

感嘆詞感嘆詞是表示某種感情的自然一般都重讀

?Ah!?Oh!

?Ugh![?uh]?Eh?

?Fancy!?Goodness!

?Nonsense!Hel?lo!

In?deed!?How?awful!

但如果后面緊跟一個有強重音的詞，單音節(jié)的感嘆詞可以不重讀，但音調很高

Ah??no!Oh??well!Oh??dear!

不合乎語句重音一般規(guī)律的例外情況任何本來有句子重音的詞，如果上文剛出現(xiàn)過，第二次提到時一般不應重讀

--?How?many?timeshaveyou?beenthere?

--?Threetimes.

The?boy?shoutedtothe?otherboys.

--They?want?strongmen.

--?Very?well.I?amstrong.

?Studyas?Leninstudied.

A?newcom?mitteehasbeen?set?upand?Dr?Liis?onthecommittee.

名詞street在街名中不重讀

?OxfordStreet?DowningStreet

?EighthStreet?WallStreet

但road,avenue,lane,way,hill,town,park,palace等詞在街名地名中都要重讀

?York?Road?West?Lake?Hyde?Park?Buckingham?Palace?Hampton?Court

一個名詞受另一個名詞（或形容詞）修飾時，如修飾語與別的詞形成對比時，或兩個詞意義上聯(lián)系很緊密時，被修飾的名詞不重讀，只重讀前面的修飾語

?railwayjourney坐火車旅行（區(qū)別于坐汽車或飛機旅行）

?pleasuretrip旅游（區(qū)別于因事旅行）

?highschool中學

?safetyrazor安全剃刀

?life-savingapparatus救生裝置

?doorhandle?tennisball

?campingground?golfclub

?violinstringexami?nationpaper

指示代詞this,that,these,those有時沒有很強的指示意味，其意義很接近于冠詞the，特別是當其修飾的名詞前面已提到時，這些指示代詞不重讀

He?managedthis?matter?wonderfully.

Itis?necessaryto?takethese?measures.

He?couldn't?bearthe?gazeofthose?eyes.

在this?morning,this?after?noon,this?evening等詞組中，this不重讀

such后面跟有強調的詞時不重讀

sucha?curious?shape

such?quantitiesof?wood

如果后面的詞不可能重時，則重讀such

?Suchathingshould?neverhave?happened.

副詞so在thinkso,doso等詞組里不重讀

I?thinkso.I?didn't?sayso.

I?believeso.?Who?toldyouto?doso?

副詞so,now,then用來在語氣上連接上下文時，不重讀

Sohe?wentintothe?garden.

Now?listentome?carefully.

Then?don'tfor?getto?writetomeafteryouar?rivethere.

某些插入語不須重讀

I'ma?fraidhe's?not?coming.

He's?not?coming,I'mafraid.

?Please?sit?down.?Sit?down,please.

He?said,“I'm?sorry.”“I'm?sorry,”hesaid.

One作為數(shù)詞要重讀，但用作代詞時不重讀

?That'sa?goodone.

?Howarethe?littleones?

You've?gotthe?wrongone,?Iwantthe?greenone.

二、語調在英語說話和朗讀時不但要注意句子的重讀、音的長度、音的變化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短語的語調

在英語中通過語調的高低、句子重讀、音的長度，使語言表達豐富多彩，聲情并茂。英語語調或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短語或句子的最后一個重音上。

可以將英語語調歸納為四種：

降調升調平調降升調

用降調的句型

1.陳述句

Thankyou.Notatall.

You'requiteright.

I'mafraidImustbeoff.

2.特殊疑問句

WhattimecanIseeyou?

What'sthematterwithyou?3.祈使句

Comein.Closethedoor.

Fetchmemygloves.

Pleasedropinanytimeyoulike.

Hurryuporwe'llmissthetrain.4.感嘆句

Whatahotday!

Isn'titlovely!用升調的句型

1.一般疑問句

Haveyoubeenstayingherelong?

Areyoufreetomorrowmorning?

Isthislessontoodifficult?2.祈使句

表示很婉轉和客氣的請求，祈使句有時也可以一般疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)

Won'tyoutakeaseat?

Shallwegotothediningroom?3.陳述句

有些陳述句包含不肯定、疑惑、安慰、抱歉、無能為力、輕蔑、不在乎、不耐煩，以及其他一些沒有直接表達出來的情緒時，用升調

Ican'twaitthatlong.

Ithoughteverythingwouldbeallright.

I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.

上述某些情緒，如不肯定、疑惑、輕蔑、無可奈何等，也可以用降升調，情緒更為強烈語調群

1.升調在前，降調在后。選擇疑問句，要求回答者選擇任何一個

Doyoupreferteaorcoffee?

Ishestillhereorhashegonehomealready?

以狀語或狀語從句開始的句子

Atteno'clockinthemorningthecontestbegan.

計數(shù)或點東西

achair,atable,abedandadesk2.降調在前，升調在后。反意疑問句，表示說話人有一些疑惑，要肯定以下自己的看法

Youwenttotheconcertyesterday,didn'tyou?

Heworksinabankintown,doesn'the?

前面是陳述句，后面有一個表示不肯定或有疑慮的附加語

It'sgoingtorain,I'mafraid.

在句末稱呼人時，用升調

Tellmethetruth,George.

3.前后都是降調

反意疑問句，這類反意疑問句疑問成分很少，答案無疑已經知道

It'safineday,isn'tit?

Sheistalkingjustlikehermother,isn'tshe?

主語在前，狀語或狀語從句在后的陳述句

Hewillknowbetterwhenhegetsolder.

有兩個或兩個以上并列句的句子

Thetelephonerang,butIdidn'tanswerit.三、句子節(jié)奏

OOOO

?time's?up.?make?haste

?next?week?what's?this

?work?hard?well?done

?all?right?quite?good

?Yes,?please.?hold?on

?that's?true?too?bad

?good?news?this?month

?not?yet?come?in

OoOOoO

?never?mind?waitand?see

?leaveat?once?wordby?word

?letme?see?thanksa?lot

?outof?date?quitea?lot

?tryit?out?goodi?dea

?comea?long?farand?wide

?timeand?tide?little?girl

?whata?day

OoOoOoOo

?waita?moment?giveme?thisone

?let'sget?started?springis?coming

?Merry?Christmas.?comeand?helpme

?gladto?seeyou?very?funny

?letme?helpyou?whocan?helpme

?quitea?lotof?rather?boring

?goand?getit?whento?doit

?just?imagine?t