中考英語(yǔ)教材知識(shí)梳理-牛津譯林版八年級(jí)下冊(cè) Units 7-8

第一部分教材知識(shí)梳理八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Units7~81核心知識(shí)導(dǎo)覽2重點(diǎn)指導(dǎo)航標(biāo)3必備知識(shí)精析4核心素養(yǎng)提升·1·核心知識(shí)導(dǎo)覽·2·重點(diǎn)指導(dǎo)航標(biāo)一、重點(diǎn)詞匯Ucation—__________（動(dòng)詞）2.interview—__________（名詞，指采訪者）—__________（動(dòng)詞，表示“和……會(huì)晤；接見(jiàn)；采訪”）3.medical—__________（名詞）4.treatment—__________（動(dòng)詞）5.include—__________（介詞，表示

“包括，包含”）·3·educateinterviewerinterviewmedicinetreatincludingUnit81.wise—__________（副詞）2.different—__________（名詞）3.harm—__________（形容詞）4.pollution—__________（動(dòng)詞）5.recycle—__________（名詞）·4·wiselydifferenceharmfulpolluterecycling二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)Unit71.goto________去看病2.on________在飛機(jī)（船、火車）上3.________on繼續(xù)開展，繼續(xù)下去4.________________分發(fā)；提出5.________________建起；設(shè)立6.________________one’s________to

dosomething決定做某事·5·7.be________of為……自豪8.can’t________(todosth.)負(fù)擔(dān)不起（做

某事）9.get____________牙疼10.get/be________

to________

sth.習(xí)慣做

某事hospitalboardcarryhandoutsetupmakeupmindproudaffordtoothacheuseddoing·6·Unit81.________________關(guān)上（開關(guān)）2.________________砍倒3.________on/upon依靠；取決于4.________out用完，耗盡5.________a__________(tosb./sth.)

（對(duì)……）有影響，起作用6.in________在正確位置7.takea________洗澡8.be________

toour________

對(duì)我們的

健康有害9.________with處置，處理10.________thesesmall________

遵循這

些小步驟turnoffcutdowndependrunmakedifferenceplaceshowerharmfulhealthdofollowsteps知識(shí)點(diǎn)1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Unit7、Unit8）

語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：ORBISusestheplaneasatrainingcentre.

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcentre.必備知識(shí)精析·7·小試牛刀知識(shí)點(diǎn)2辨析alive，live，lively，living（Unit8）·8·易混詞含義及用法例句alive形容詞，意為“活的，活著的”，可指人或動(dòng)物，但不能用來(lái)指植物。沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式，可用作表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hewantedtokeepthefishalive.live形容詞，意為“有生命的；活的；生動(dòng)的；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)播出的”，可指物，但不能用來(lái)指人。通常作前置定語(yǔ)Onlyafewlivetreeswereleftafterthefire.續(xù)表·9·易混詞含義及用法例句lively形容詞，意為“有生氣的，活潑的”，通常指人和物，可用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Sheisalivelygirl.Everythingislivelyhere.living形容詞，意為“活著的，現(xiàn)存的”，指人和物，可作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)Thefishisstillliving.小試牛刀知識(shí)點(diǎn)3allow的用法（Unit8）1.allowsb.todosth.意為“允許某人做某事”。例如：Theteacherallowsustodiscussthequestionsinclass.2.allowdoingsth.意為“被允許做某事”。例如：Wedon’talloweatingintheclassroom.3.beallowedtodosth.意為“被允許做某事”。例如：Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.·10·小試牛刀知識(shí)點(diǎn)4afford的用法（Unit8）afford意為“買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起”，常置于can，could，beableto后，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：Wecanaffordacar.Soontheycouldhardlyaffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.·11·小試牛刀知識(shí)點(diǎn)5proud的用法（Unit8）

1.proud是形容詞，意為“自豪的，驕傲的”，常用搭配如下：（1）beproudof(doing)

sth.意為“為（做）某事感到自豪”。例如：MygoodfriendsavedalittlegirlandIwasproudofhavingsuchabravefriend.

（2）beproudtodosth.意為“為做某事感到自豪”。例如：I’mproudtotellyouthatmyclassmatehasjustwonthefirstprizeintheshortdistancerace.

（3）“beproud+that從句”意為“……很自豪”。例如：I’mproudthatI’mChinese.·12·2.pride是proud的名詞形式，意為“自豪，驕傲”。常見(jiàn)固定搭配如下：（1）theprideof意為“……的驕傲”。例如：ThoughIfailedintheEnglishcompetition，myEnglishteachersaidIwastheprideofher.

（2）takepridein意為“為……感到驕傲”。例如：Theoldprofessortakesprideinherstudentswhoallgetgoodjobsaftergraduation.·13·小試牛刀一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.______isitsinceyouleftyourprimaryschool?A.HowoldB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howsoon2.Itismypleasure______otherpeopleintrouble.A.helpsB.helpingC.tohelpD.helped3.Isthere______you’dliketosayaboutthistrip?A.elsesomethingB.somethingelseC.anythingelseD.elseanything核心素養(yǎng)提升·14·BCC4.—DidyougotoJack’sbirthdaypartyyesterday?—No,I______.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite5.Theoldmanwas______tocookagoodmealforhimself.A.sobusyB.busyenoughC.toobusyD.verybusy6.Itismeaningful______childrentojoinincharityworkatayoungage.A.ofB.forC.toD.in·15·BCB7.—Mustwefinishthetasktoday?—No,you______.A.mustn’tB.don’thaveC.don’thavetoD.needn’thaveto8.Thesenewclothes______tothechildreninthevillagetomorrow.A.aresentB.weresentC.willsentD.willbesent9.—Isthereasportsmeetinginyourschool?—Yes.It______inNovembereveryyear.A.holdsB.heldC.willbeheldD.isheld10.

______,somethingterriblehappenedinYushuthatspring.A.UnluckyB.UnluckilyC.LuckyD.Luckily·16·CDDB二、單詞拼寫根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的中文提示，正確拼寫單詞。1.Wemusttryourbestto__________(發(fā)展)

ournationaleconomy.2.Ican’t__________(付得起)

tobuysuchanexpensivewatch.3.Driverswhodriveafterdrinkingwinewillbe__________(懲罰).4.Jimalwayslooks__________(嚴(yán)肅的)

andneverlaughs.5.Lisalivesa__________(簡(jiǎn)單的)

lifealthoughshehasalotofmoney.·17·developaffordpunishedserioussimple三、詞形變換根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.Let’sdosomethingtoreduceair__________(pollute).2.MrLiputshisheartinto__________(educate)

becauseheloveshisstudents.3.Theprojectwillbe__________(finish)

nextyear.4.It’sclearthatsmokingis__________(harm)

tohealth.5.Canyoutellmethe

____________(different)

betweenthetwocities？·18·pollutioneducationfinishedharmfuldifference四、選詞填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空，每詞限用一次。Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuch________thanitistoday.Peopledidn’thavemachines.Therewasnomodernmachine,________.Lifetodayhasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthe________

ispollution.Waterpollutionhasmadeourriversandlakesdirty.Itkilledthefishandpollutedourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesus________

louderandbecomeangrymoreeasily.Airpollutionisthemostserious________

ofpollution.It’sbadforallthelivingthingsintheworld.·19·biggesthardercalledtalkeitherkindenoughbeforethrowdrivinghardereitherbiggesttalkkindCars,planesandfactoriesallpollutetheair.Andthepollutedairissothickthatitislikeaquiltoveracity.Thiskindofquiltis________smog.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightagainstpollution.Factoriesnowmustcleantheirwaterandgas________

itisdischarged(排放).Weneedtodomanyotherthings.Wecanputwastethingsinthedustbinandnot________

ontheground.Wecangotoworkbybusorwithourfriendsinthesamecar.Iftherearefewerpeople________,therewillbelesspollution.Rulesarenot________.Everypersonmusthelptofightthepollution.·20·calledbeforethrowdrivingenough知識(shí)點(diǎn)1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Unit7、Unit8）小試牛刀1.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork______.A.finishesB.willbefinishedC.arefinishedD.isfinished2.LastMarch,thousandsoftrees______alongthestreetstomakeour

citymorebeautiful.A.wereplantedB.wereplantingC.hadplantedD.plantedDA3.Students______nottousemobilephonesinourschoolnow.A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked4.Thethieves______lastmonth.A.arecaughtB.wascaughtC.werecaughtD.iscaughtCC知識(shí)點(diǎn)2辨析alive，live，lively，living（Unit8）小試牛刀1.______concertsareneverquitethesameasweseethemonthesmall

screen.A.LivelyB.AliveC.LivingD.Live2.Heisbadlyillandiskept______byafeedingtube.A.livelyB.livingC.liveD.aliveDD3.Somepeoplecallthebraina(n)

______

computer.A.livelyB.livingC.liveD.alive4.Frankwentthroughhismindaftertheaccident,buthefeltlucky

sincehewasstill______.A.livingB.liveC.aliveD.livelyBC知識(shí)點(diǎn)3allow的用法（Unit8）小試牛刀1.—Wouldyouliketowatchabasketballmatchtonightatthesports

centre？—I’dliketo,butmyparentsdon’tallowme______late.A.stayoutB.stayedoutC.stayingoutD.tostayoutD2.—What’sthematter？—TheysaidIshouldnotbeallowed______here.Theydon’ta